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1. 成人におけるグラム陰性桿菌菌血症 gram negative bacillary bacteremia in adults
2. グラム陰性桿菌性髄膜炎の疫学および臨床的特徴 epidemiology and clinical features of gram negative bacillary meningitis
3. 成人における院内感染性／人工呼吸器関連／医療関連肺炎の疫学、病因、細菌学、および
診断 epidemiology pathogenesis microbiology and diagnosis of hospital acquired ventilator associated and healthcare associated pneumonia in adults
4. グラム陰性桿菌性髄膜炎の診断および治療 diagnosis and treatment of gram negative bacillary meningitis
5. 成人における院内感染性／人工呼吸器関連／医療関連肺炎の治療 treatment of hospital acquired ventilator associated and healthcare associated pneumonia in adults

English Journal

Enterobacteriaceae resistant to third-generation cephalosporins and quinolones in fresh culinary herbs imported from Southeast Asia.

Veldman K1, Kant A2, Dierikx C2, van Essen-Zandbergen A2, Wit B3, Mevius D4.Author information 1Central Veterinary Institute (CVI) of Wageningen UR, Lelystad, The Netherlands. Electronic address: kees.veldman@wur.nl.2Central Veterinary Institute (CVI) of Wageningen UR, Lelystad, The Netherlands.3Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority (NVWA), The Netherlands.4Central Veterinary Institute (CVI) of Wageningen UR, Lelystad, The Netherlands; Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.AbstractSince multidrug resistant bacteria are frequently reported from Southeast Asia, our study focused on the occurrence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in fresh imported herbs from Thailand, Vietnam and Malaysia. Samples were collected from fresh culinary herbs imported from Southeast Asia in which ESBL-suspected isolates were obtained by selective culturing. Analysis included identification by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, susceptibility testing, XbaI-PFGE, microarray, PCR and sequencing of specific ESBL genes, PCR based replicon typing (PBRT) of plasmids and Southern blot hybridization. In addition, the quinolone resistance genotype was characterized by screening for plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes and mutations in the quinolone resistance determining region (QRDR) of gyrA and parC. The study encompassed fifty samples of ten batches of culinary herbs (5 samples per batch) comprising nine different herb variants. The herbs originated from Thailand (Water morning glory, Acacia and Betel leaf), Vietnam (Parsley, Asian pennywort, Houttuynia leaf and Mint) and Malaysia (Holy basil and Parsley). By selective culturing 21 cefotaxime resistant Enterobacteriaceae were retrieved. Array analysis revealed 18 isolates with ESBL genes and one isolate with solely non-ESBL beta-lactamase genes. Mutations in the ampC promoter region were determined in two isolates with PCR and sequencing. The isolates were identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=9), Escherichia coli (n=6), Enterobacter cloacae complex (n=5) and Enterobacter spp. (n=1). All isolates tested were multidrug resistant. Variants of CTX-M enzymes were predominantly found followed by SHV enzymes. PMQR genes (including aac(6')-1b-cr, qnrB and qnrS) were also frequently detected. In almost all cases ESBL and quinolone resistance genes were located on the same plasmid. Imported fresh culinary herbs from Southeast Asia are a potential source for contamination of food with multidrug resistant bacteria. Because these herbs are consumed without appropriate heating, transfer to human bacteria cannot be excluded.
International journal of food microbiology.Int J Food Microbiol.2014 May 2;177:72-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.02.014. Epub 2014 Feb 25.
Since multidrug resistant bacteria are frequently reported from Southeast Asia, our study focused on the occurrence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in fresh imported herbs from Thailand, Vietnam and Malaysia. Samples were collected from fresh culinary herbs imported from Southeast Asia in which
PMID 24607424

Distribution of indigenous bacterial pathogens and potential pathogens associated with roof-harvested rainwater.

Dobrowsky PH1, De Kwaadsteniet M, Cloete TE, Khan W.Author information 1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.AbstractThe harvesting of rainwater is gaining acceptance among many governmental authorities in countries such as Australia, Germany, and South Africa, among others. However, conflicting reports on the microbial quality of harvested rainwater have been published. To monitor the presence of potential pathogenic bacteria during high-rainfall periods, rainwater from 29 rainwater tanks was sampled on four occasions (during June and August 2012) in a sustainable housing project in Kleinmond, South Africa. This resulted in the collection of 116 harvested rainwater samples in total throughout the sampling period. The identities of the dominant, indigenous, presumptive pathogenic isolates obtained from the rainwater samples throughout the sampling period were confirmed through universal 16S rRNA PCR, and the results revealed that Pseudomonas (19% of samples) was the dominant genus isolated, followed by Aeromonas (16%), Klebsiella (11%), and Enterobacter (9%). PCR assays employing genus-specific primers also confirmed the presence of Aeromonas spp. (16%), Klebsiella spp. (47%), Legionella spp. (73%), Pseudomonas spp. (13%), Salmonella spp. (6%), Shigella spp. (27%), and Yersinia spp. (28%) in the harvested rainwater samples. In addition, on one sampling occasion, Giardia spp. were detected in 25% of the eight tank water samples analyzed. This study highlights the diverse array of pathogenic bacteria that persist in harvested rainwater during high-rainfall periods. The consumption of untreated harvested rainwater could thus pose a potential significant health threat to consumers, especially children and immunocompromised individuals, and it is recommended that harvested rainwater be treated for safe usage as an alternative water source.
Applied and environmental microbiology.Appl Environ Microbiol.2014 Apr;80(7):2307-16. doi: 10.1128/AEM.04130-13. Epub 2014 Jan 31.
The harvesting of rainwater is gaining acceptance among many governmental authorities in countries such as Australia, Germany, and South Africa, among others. However, conflicting reports on the microbial quality of harvested rainwater have been published. To monitor the presence of potential pathog
PMID 24487540