Dromaiidae

エミュー科

関

emu

WordNet

1. large Australian flightless bird similar to the ostrich but smaller (同)Dromaius novaehollandiae, Emu novaehollandiae

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. エミュー(ダチョウに似たオーストラリア産の翼のない大鳥)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/11/28 12:59:01」(JST)

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Dromaius Temporal range: Miocene–present PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
Dromaius novaehollandiae
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Casuariiformes
Family:	Dromaiidae
Genus:	Dromaius Vieillot, 1816
Type species
Dromaius novaehollandiae Latham, 1790
Species
D. novaehollandiae (Latham 1790) Vieillot 1816 †D. baudinianus Parker 1984 †D. ocypus (Miller 1963)
Geographic distribution of emu taxa and historic shoreline reconstructions around Tasmania
Synonyms
Dromiceius (sic) Vieillot, 1816 Dromæus (sic) Ranzani, 1821 Dromicejus (sic) Wagler, 1830 Dromiceus (sic) Wagler, 1830 Dromiceus (sic) Swainson, 1837 Dromaeus (sic) Agassiz, 1842 Dromajus (sic) Thienemann, 1845 Dromaeius (sic) Bonaparte, 1856 Dromeicus (sic) A. Newton,1893 Emou Griffith & Pidgeon, 1829 Peronista Mathews, 1912 Tachea Fleming, 1822

Dromaius is a genus of ratite present in Australia. There is one extant species, Dromaius novaehollandiae commonly known as the emu.

In his original 1816 description of the emu, Louis Jean Pierre Vieillot used two generic names; first Dromiceius, then Dromaius a few pages later. It has been a point of contention ever since which is correct; the latter is more correctly formed, but the convention in taxonomy is that the first name given stands, unless it is clearly a typographical error. Most modern publications, including those of the Australian government, use Dromaius, with Dromiceius mentioned as an alternative spelling. Others misspelling synonyms are descript for genus (see synonyms in taxobox). However, the Dromiceius spelling was used by Dale Russell in his 1972 naming of the dinosaur Dromiceiomimus.

Illustration by Charles-Alexandre Lesueur, based on life-drawings made during Baudin's journey and specimens kept at Jardin des Plantes. The animals were thought to be a male and female of the same species, but are now believed to be a Kangaroo Island emu and King Island emu

Species and subspecies

Several emu species were common prior to European settlement in 1788:

• Dromaius novaehollandiae, emu, remains common in most of the more lightly settled parts of mainland Australia. Overall population varies from decade to decade according to rainfall; as low as 200,000 and as high as a million, but a typical figure is about half a million individuals. Although emus are no longer found in the densely settled southern and south-western agricultural areas, the provision of permanent stock water in arid regions has allowed the mainland species to extend its range. There are five recognised subspecies or races of the emu:
  • Dromaius novaehollandiae novaehollandiae – South-east Australia – whitish ruff when breeding.
  • Dromaius novaehollandiae woodwardi – North Australia – slender, paler (not recognised as a sub-species by all authorities).
  • Dromaius novaehollandiae rothschildi – South-west Australia – darker, no ruff during breeding (not recognised as a sub-species by all authorities).
  • †Dromaius novaehollandiae diemenensis – Tasmania – The Tasmanian emu, became extinct around 1850.
  • †Dromaius novaehollandiae minor – King Island – The King Island emu was about half the size of the mainland species. By 1805 it had been hunted to extinction by sealers and visiting sailors. Some individuals were kept in captivity in Paris, the last one dying in 1822. Vieillot coined the name Dromaius ater but in his 1907 book Extinct Birds, Walter Rothschild stated that Vieillot's description actually referred to the mainland emu, and that the name D. ater was therefore invalid. It was thought to be a distinct species until 2011.
• †Dromaius baudinianus, Kangaroo Island emu became extinct around 1827 as a result of hunting and frequent fires. The larger mainland species was introduced to Kangaroo Island in the 1920s.
• †Dromaius ocypus, a prehistoric species of emu, described from Late Pliocene fossils (Mampuwordu Sands Formation, Lake Palankarinna, Australia) accepted as distinct nowadays.

A number of other emu fossils from Australia described as separate species are now regarded as chronosubspecies at best, given the considerable variation even between living individuals. There are also some unidentifiable remains of emu-like birds from rocks as old as the middle Miocene.

References

English Journal

• Sex-biased gene expression at homomorphic sex chromosomes in emus and its implication for sex chromosome evolution.

• Vicoso B, Kaiser VB, Bachtrog D.SourceDepartment of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
• Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.2013 Apr 16;110(16):6453-8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1217027110. Epub 2013 Apr 1.
• Sex chromosomes originate from autosomes. The accumulation of sexually antagonistic mutations on protosex chromosomes selects for a loss of recombination and sets in motion the evolutionary processes generating heteromorphic sex chromosomes. Recombination suppression and differentiation are generall
• PMID 23547111

• Combinatorial treatment of tart cherry extract and essential fatty acids reduces cognitive impairments and inflammation in the mu-p75 saporin-induced mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

• Matchynski JJ, Lowrance SA, Pappas C, Rossignol J, Puckett N, Sandstrom M, Dunbar GL.SourceField Neurosciences Laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan 48859, USA.
• Journal of medicinal food.J Med Food.2013 Apr;16(4):288-95. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2012.0131.
• Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects more than five million Americans and is characterized by a progressive loss of memory, loss of cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain, formation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, and an increase in ox
• PMID 23566055

• Hematological and serum biochemical profile of farm emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae) at the onset of their breeding season.

• Menon DG, Bennett DC, Schaefer AM, Cheng KM.SourceUniversity of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
• Poultry science.Poult Sci.2013 Apr;92(4):935-44. doi: 10.3382/ps.2012-02870.
• Blood profiling is a helpful tool in detecting the health status, metabolic diseases, nutritional deficiencies, and welfare of animals. Body weights, body temperatures, hematological and serum biochemical parameters, enzymes, and electrolytes in both sexes of farm emus at the beginning of their bree
• PMID 23472017

Related Links

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• Dromaiidae (Family)

Information about the Family Dromaiidae including photos, maps, and text. ... The emus form a distinct subfamily, characterized by legs adapted for running. As with all ratites, there are several contested theories concerning their ...

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「emu」

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Dromaiidae