WordNet

any species of the genus Corynebacterium

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/11/14 14:27:59」(JST)

wiki en

Corynebacterium ulcerans is a rod-shaped, aerobic, and gram-positive bacteria. Most Corynebacterium are harmless but some cause serious illness in humans, especially in immunocompromised humans. C. ulcerans has been known to cause diphtheria and diphtheria-like infections in patients. Previously thought to simply be contaminants recovered from diphtheria patients, “coryneform” or “diphtheroids” are now believed to be the cause of such infections.^[1]

Disease

Increasingly over the past few decades, C. ulcerans has been recognized as an emerging pathogen in over six countries across the globe including the United States, the United Kingdom, and Japan.^[2] C. diphtheriae is the causative agent of classical diphtheria, and C. ulcerans has been found to carry the same gene that codes for the diphtheria toxin.^[2] After swabbing lesions on a 53-year-old woman in Germany who experienced swelling of her pharynx and who developed a whitish pseudomembrane, doctors were able to grow C. ulcerans.^[2] This made it the first documented case of classical diphtheria caused by C. ulcerans in Germany.

C. ulcerans can also cause zoonotic infections.^[3] In 2003, A 47-year-old woman in Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France was admitted to the intensive care unit for labored breathing. It was found that as a result of a kidney graft received the previous year, the patient was immunocompromised and vulnerable to C. ulcerans, which was found growing from a swab of her throat. After many tests, it was concluded that the patient had contracted the disease from her dog, which was found to have chronic labial ulcerations that provided an easy way to transmit the bacteria to the patient.^[4]

In addition to classical diphtheria, C. ulcerans can also cause skin infections that resemble classical cutaneous diphtheria as a result of production of the diphtheria toxin.^[5] By contracting this skin infection, patients become more vulnerable to contracting other bacteria that exist naturally in the patient’s environment that can cause life-threatening diseases.

Treatment

Patients who contract diphtheria and diphtheria-like symptoms as a result of C. ulcerans require treatment with Diphtheria antitoxin and antibiotics.^[6] Surgery and other more extreme measures must be taken if not treated immediately.

References

^ Bernar, Kathryn (2012). "The Genus Corynebacterium and Other Medically Relevant Coryneform-Like Bacteria". Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 50 (10): 3152–8. PMC 3457441 . PMID 22837327. doi:10.1128/JCM.00796-12.
^ ^a ^b ^c Sing, A; Bierschenk, S; Heesemann, J (2005). "Classical Diphtheria Caused by Corynebacterium ulcerans in Germany: Amino Acid Sequence Differences between Diphtheria Toxins from Corynebacterium diphtheriae and C. ulcerans". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 40 (2): 325–326. PMID 15655760. doi:10.1086/426687.
^ Hogg, R. A.; Wessels, J; Hart, J; Efstratiou, A; De Zoysa, A; Mann, G; Allen, T; Pritchard, G. C. (2009). "Possible zoonotic transmission of toxigenic Corynebacterium ulcers from companion animals in a human case of fatal diphtheria". Veterinary Record. 165 (23): 691–692. PMID 19966333.
^ Lartigue, M. F.; Monnet, X; Le Flèche, A; Grimont, P. A.; Benet, J. J.; Durrbach, A; Fabre, M; Nordmann, P (2005). "Corynebacterium ulcerans in an Immunocompromised Patient with Diphtheria and Her Dog". Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 43 (2): 999–1001. PMC 548063 . PMID 15695729. doi:10.1128/JCM.43.2.999-1001.2005.
^ Wagner, Jutta; Ignatius, Ralf; Voss, Stefan; Höpfner, Volker; Ehlers, Stefan; Funke, Guido; Weber, Ulrich; Hahn, Helmut (2001). "Infection of the Skin Caused by Corynebacterium ulcerans and Mimicking Classical Cutaneous Diphtheria". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 33 (9): 1598. PMID 11568853. doi:10.1086/322969.
^ "Notes from the Field: Respiratory Diphtheria-Like Illness Caused by Toxigenic Corynebacterium ulcerans --- Idaho, 2010". 28 January 2011.

External links

Type strain of Corynebacterium ulcerans at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. ジフテリアの臨床的特徴、診断、および治療 clinical manifestations diagnosis and treatment of diphtheria
2. 猫からの人畜共通感染症 zoonoses from cats
3. ジフテリアの疫学および病態生理 epidemiology and pathophysiology of diphtheria

English Journal

Toxigenic Corynebacterium ulcerans isolated from a wild bird (ural owl) and its feed (shrew-moles): comparison of molecular types with human isolates.

Katsukawa C1, Umeda K2, Inamori I3, Kosono Y4, Tanigawa T5, Komiya T6, Iwaki M7, Yamamoto A6,8, Nakatsu S9.
BMC research notes.BMC Res Notes.2016 Mar 22;9(1):181. doi: 10.1186/s13104-016-1979-5.
BACKGROUND: Corynebacterium ulcerans is a pathogen causing diphtheria-like illness to humans. In contrast to diphtheria by Corynebacterium diphtheriae circulating mostly among humans, C. ulcerans infection is zoonotic. The present study aimed to clarify how a zoonotic pathogen C. ulcerans circulates
PMID 27000873

Toxigenic Corynebacterium ulcerans isolated from a hunting dog and its diphtheria toxin antibody titer.

Katsukawa C1, Komiya T2, Umeda K3, Goto M4, Yanai T4, Takahashi M2, Yamamoto A2, Iwaki M2.
Microbiology and immunology.Microbiol Immunol.2016 Mar;60(3):177-86. doi: 10.1111/1348-0421.12364.
Toxigenic Corynebacterium ulcerans is a zoonotic pathogen that produces diphtheria toxin and causes a diphtheria-like illness in humans. The organism is known to infect and circulate among dogs, which can then transmit it to humans. Furthermore, previous studies have found that C. ulcerans is carrie
PMID 26853714

Japanese Journal

Toxigenic Corynebacterium ulcerans isolated from a hunting dog and its diphtheria toxin antibody titer

Microbiology and immunology 60(3), 177-186, 2016-03
NAID 40020779305

大阪市の犬・猫・ネズミにおけるジフテリア毒素産生性<i>Corynebacterium ulcerans</i>の保有状況と分離株の性状

日本獣医師会雑誌 68(12), 765-769, 2015
NAID 130005120636

「C. ulcerans」

Corynebacterium ulcerans
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Actinobacteria
Class:	Actinobacteria
Subclass:	Actinobacteridae
Order:	Actinomycetales
Suborder:	Corynebacterineae
Family:	Corynebacteriaceae
Genus:	Corynebacterium
Species:	C. ulcerans
Binomial name
	Corynebacterium ulcerans; Riegel, et al. 1995