関: Colobus

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/02/09 11:34:42」(JST)

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The Colobinae are a subfamily of the Old World monkey family that includes 59 species in 10 genera, including the black-and-white colobus, the large-nosed proboscis monkey, and the gray langurs. Some classifications split the colobine monkeys into two tribes, while others split them into three groups. Both classifications put the three African genera Colobus, Piliocolobus, and Procolobus in one group; these genera are distinct in that they have stub thumbs (Greek κολοβός kolobós = "docked"). The various Asian genera are placed into another one or two groups. Analysis of mtDNA confirms the Asian species form two distinct groups, one of langurs and the other of the "odd-nosed" species, but suggests the gray langurs are not closely related to either.^[2]

Characteristics

Colobines are medium-sized primates with long tails and diverse colorations. The coloring of nearly all the young animals differs remarkably from that of the adults.

Most species are arboreal, although some live a more terrestrial life. They are found in many different habitats of different climate zones (rain forests, mangroves, mountain forests, and savannah), but not in deserts and other dry areas. They live in groups, but in different group forms.

Colobines are folivorous, meaning their main source of nutrition is leaves. Their diet may also be supplemented with flowers, fruits and the occasional insect.To aid in digestion, particularly of hard-to-digest leaves, they have multichambered, complex stomachs, making them the only ruminant primates. Unlike the other subfamily of Old World monkeys, the Cercopithecinae, they possess no cheek pouches.

Gestation averages six to seven months. Young are weaned at about one year and are mature at three to six years. Their life expectancy is approximately 20 years.

Classification

Family CERCOPITHECIDAE^[1]^[2]
- Subfamily Cercopithecinae
- Subfamily Colobinae
  - African group
    - Genus Colobus - black-and-white colobus monkeys
    - Genus Piliocolobus - red colobus monkeys
    - Genus Procolobus - olive colobus
  - Langur (leaf monkey) group
    - Genus Trachypithecus - lutungs
    - Genus Presbytis - surilis
    - Genus Semnopithecus - gray langurs
  - Odd-nosed group
    - Genus Pygathrix - doucs
    - Genus Rhinopithecus - snub-nosed monkeys
    - Genus Nasalis - proboscis monkey
    - Genus Simias - pig-tailed langur

A langur in Pench National Park, India

Hybrids

Intergeneric hybrids are known to occur within the Colobinae subfamily. In India, gray langurs (Semnopithecus spp.) are known to hybridize with Nilgiri langurs (Trachypithecus johnii).^[3]

References

^ ^a ^b Groves, C.P. (2005). "SUBFAMILY Colobinae". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 167–178. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
^ ^a ^b Sterner, Kirstin N.; Raaum, Ryan L.; Zhang, Ya-Ping; Stewart, Caro-Beth & Disotell, Todd R. (2006). "Mitochondrial data support an odd-nosed colobine clade" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 40 (1): 1–7. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.01.017. PMID 16500120.
^ Rowe, N. (1996). The Pictorial Guide to the Living Primates. Pogonias Press. pp. 139, 143, 154, 185, 223. ISBN 0-9648825-0-7.

English Journal

Female choice impacts residential male takeover in golden snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana).

Fang G1, Chen J1, Pan RL1,2,3, Qi XG4,2, Li BG1,2.
Zoological research.Zool Res.2018 Jul 18;39(4):266-271. doi: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2018.035. Epub 2018 Mar 12.
PMID 29551758

Comprehensive phylogenomic analysis reveals a novel cluster of simian endogenous retroviral sequences in Colobinae monkeys.

Ikeda M1, Satomura K1, Sekizuka T2, Hanada K3, Endo T1, Osada N1,4.
American journal of primatology.Am J Primatol.2018 Jun 12:e22882. doi: 10.1002/ajp.22882. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID 29896810

High polymorphism in MHC-DRB genes in golden snub-nosed monkeys reveals balancing selection in small, isolated populations.

Zhang P1, Huang K1, Zhang B1, Dunn DW1, Chen D2, Li F1, Qi X1, Guo S1, Li B3,4.
BMC evolutionary biology.BMC Evol Biol.2018 Mar 13;18(1):29. doi: 10.1186/s12862-018-1148-7.
PMID 29534675

Japanese Journal

The First Report on Standardized Karyotype and Idiogram of Indochinese Silvered Langur, Trachypithecus germaini germaini (Primates, Colobinae) in Thailand

CYTOLOGIA 80(2), 183-192, 2015
NAID 130005074298

The First Karyological Study and Natural NOR Polymorphism in Banded Langur, Presbytis femoralis (Primate, Colobinae)

CYTOLOGIA 79(1), 29-39, 2014
NAID 130004448266

On folivory, competition, and intelligence : generalisms, overgeneralizations, and models of primate evolution

Primates : journal of primatology 54(2), 111-124, 2013-04-01
NAID 10031165731

「Colobus」

Colobine monkeys
	Javan lutung (Trachypithecus auratus)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Primates
Superfamily:	Cercopithecoidea
Family:	Cercopithecidae
Subfamily:	Colobinae; Jerdon, 1867
Genera
	Colobus; Piliocolobus; Procolobus; Trachypithecus; Presbytis; Semnopithecus; Pygathrix; Rhinopithecus; Nasalis; Simias

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コロブス属、Colobus属

関: Colobinae

「コロブス亜科」

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ラ: Colobinae
関: コロブス属

[msw3-1] Groves, C.P. (2005). "SUBFAMILY Colobinae". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 167–178. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

[Sterner2006-2] Sterner, Kirstin N.; Raaum, Ryan L.; Zhang, Ya-Ping; Stewart, Caro-Beth & Disotell, Todd R. (2006). "Mitochondrial data support an odd-nosed colobine clade" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 40 (1): 1–7. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.01.017. PMID 16500120.

[Rowe1996-3] Rowe, N. (1996). The Pictorial Guide to the Living Primates. Pogonias Press. pp. 139, 143, 154, 185, 223. ISBN 0-9648825-0-7.

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Colobinae