- 関
- coelenterate
WordNet
- radially symmetrical animals having saclike bodies with only one opening and tentacles with stinging structures; they occur in polyp and medusa forms (同)cnidarian
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 腔脹(こうちょう)動物
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2018/03/16 02:24:08」(JST)
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Coelenterates |
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Comb jellies (Beroe spp.) |
Scientific classification |
Kingdom: |
Animalia |
Subkingdom: |
Eumetazoa |
Phylum: |
Coelenterata |
Phyla |
- Ctenophora
- Cnidaria
- Petalonamae?
|
Coelenterata is an obsolete term encompassing the animal phyla Cnidaria (coral animals, true jellies, sea anemones, sea pens, and their allies) and Ctenophora (comb jellies). The name comes from the Greek "koilos" ("hollow") and "enteron" ("intestine"), referring to the hollow body cavity common to these two phyla.[1][2] They have very simple tissue organization, with only two layers of cells (external and internal), and radial symmetry. Some examples are corals, which are typically colonial, and hydra, jelly fish and sea anemones which are solitary. Coelenterata lack a specialized circulatory system relying instead on diffusion across the tissue layers.
Characteristics
All coelenterates are aquatic, mostly marine. The bodyform is radially symmetrical. The body has a single opening, the hypostome, surrounded by sensory tentacles equipped with either nematocysts or colloblasts to capture mostly planktonic prey. These tentacles surround a spacious cavity called the gastrovascular cavity or coelenteron. Digestion is both intracellular and extracellular. Respiration and excretion are accomplished by simple diffusion. A network of nerves is spread throughout the body. Many Cnidaria exhibit polymorphism, wherein different types of individuals are present in a colony for different functions. These individuals are called Zooids. These animals generally reproduce asexually by budding, though sexual reproduction does occur in some groups.
History of classification
The scientific validity of the term coelenterate is currently disputed, as the Cnidaria and Ctenophora have less in common than previously assumed.[3] Coelentera may only be monophyletic if both Placozoa and Bilateria are included.[4] In particular, the phylogenetic position of Ctenophora is controversial; it was first considered a sub-group of coelenterata but Hyman regarded it as a separate phylum.[4][5] Some researchers suggest that Coelenterata is not monophyletic, and therefore any group containing Cnidaria and Ctenophora but excluding other phyla would be paraphyletic. However, some genomic studies have found support for monophyletic coelenterates.[6][7] Despite this uncertainty, the term coelenterate is still used in informal settings to refer to the Cnidaria and Ctenophora.
Complicating the issue is the 1997 work of Lynn Margulis (revising an earlier model by Thomas Cavalier-Smith) that placed the Cnidaria and Ctenophora alone in the branch Radiata within Eumetazoa.[8] (The latter refers to all the animals except the sponges, Trichoplax, and the still poorly understood Mesozoa.) Neither grouping is accepted universally;[9] however, both are commonly encountered in taxonomic literature.[3][6]
References
- ^ "coelenterate - definition of coelenterate in English | Oxford Dictionaries". Oxford Dictionaries | English. Retrieved 25 February 2017.
- ^ "Definition of COELENTERATE". www.merriam-webster.com. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 25 February 2017.
- ^ a b Dunn, Casey W.; Leys, Sally P.; Haddock, Steven H.D. (May 2015). "The hidden biology of sponges and ctenophores". Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 30 (5): 282–291. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2015.03.003.
- ^ a b Pisani, Davide; Pett, Walker; Dohrmann, Martin; Feuda, Roberto; Rota-Stabelli, Omar; Philippe, Hervé; Lartillot, Nicolas; Wörheide, Gert (2015-12-15). "Genomic data do not support comb jellies as the sister group to all other animals". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 112 (50): 15402–15407. Bibcode:2015PNAS..11215402P. doi:10.1073/pnas.1518127112. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 4687580 . PMID 26621703.
- ^ Whelan, Nathan V.; Kocot, Kevin M.; Moroz, Leonid L.; Halanych, Kenneth M. (2015-05-05). "Error, signal, and the placement of Ctenophora sister to all other animals". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 112 (18): 5773–5778. Bibcode:2015PNAS..112.5773W. doi:10.1073/pnas.1503453112. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 4426464 . PMID 25902535.
- ^ a b Philippe, Hervé; Derelle, Romain; Lopez, Philippe; Pick, Kerstin; Borchiellini, Carole; Boury-Esnault, Nicole; Vacelet, Jean; Renard, Emmanuelle; Houliston, Evelyn (April 2009). "Phylogenomics Revives Traditional Views on Deep Animal Relationships". Current Biology. 19 (8): 706–712. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2009.02.052. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 19345102.
- ^ Nosenko, Tetyana; Schreiber, Fabian; Adamska, Maja; Adamski, Marcin; Eitel, Michael; Hammel, Jörg; Maldonado, Manuel; Müller, Werner E. G.; Nickel, Michael (2013-04-01). "Deep metazoan phylogeny: When different genes tell different stories". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 67 (1): 223–233. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.01.010. PMID 23353073.
- ^ Margulis, Lynn and Karlene V. Schwartz, 1997, Five Kingdoms: An Illustrated Guide to the Phyla of Life on Earth, W.H. Freeman & Company, ISBN 0-613-92338-3
- ^ NCBI Taxonomy Browser
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Elevated temperature inhibits recruitment of transferrin-positive vesicles and induces iron-deficiency genes expression in Aiptasia pulchella host-harbored Symbiodinium.
- Song PC1, Wu TM2, Hong MC3, Chen MC4.
- Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & molecular biology.Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol.2015 Oct;188:1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2015.05.005. Epub 2015 May 18.
- Coral bleaching is the consequence of disruption of the mutualistic Cnidaria-dinoflagellate association. Elevated seawater temperatures have been proposed as the most likely cause of coral bleaching whose severity is enhanced by a limitation in the bioavailability of iron. Iron is required by numero
- PMID 25997368
- Revisiting the age, evolutionary history and species level diversity of the genus Hydra (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa).
- Schwentner M1, Bosch TC2.
- Molecular phylogenetics and evolution.Mol Phylogenet Evol.2015 Oct;91:41-55. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.05.013. Epub 2015 May 23.
- The genus Hydra has long served as a model system in comparative immunology, developmental and evolutionary biology. Despite its relevance for fundamental research, Hydra's evolutionary origins and species level diversity are not well understood. Detailed previous studies using molecular techniques
- PMID 26014206
- The Mucus of Actinia equina (Anthozoa, Cnidaria): An Unexplored Resource for Potential Applicative Purposes.
- Stabili L1,2, Schirosi R3, Parisi MG4, Piraino S5,6, Cammarata M7.
- Marine drugs.Mar Drugs.2015 Aug 19;13(8):5276-96. doi: 10.3390/md13085276.
- The mucus produced by many marine organisms is a complex mixture of proteins and polysaccharides forming a weak watery gel. It is essential for vital processes including locomotion, navigation, structural support, heterotrophic feeding and defence against a multitude of environmental stresses, preda
- PMID 26295400
Japanese Journal
- Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science. Series C, Geology & paleontology 40, 11-13, 2014-12
- NAID 40020318733
- 宮崎県祇園山層のシルル紀クサリサンゴ目床板サンゴ類
- Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science. Series C, Geology & paleontology 39, 17-41, 2013-12
- NAID 40019934137
- Distribution and diversity of the soft coral family Xeniidae (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) in Lembeh Strait, Indonesia
- Galaxea, Journal of Coral Reef Studies 15(Supplement), 195-200, 2013
- NAID 130004953722
Related Links
- Get information, facts, and pictures about Coelenterata at Encyclopedia.com. Make research projects and school reports about Coelenterata easy with credible articles from our FREE, online encyclopedia and dictionary. ... Citation ...
- Coelenterata (sīlĕn'tərā`tə), another name for the phylum Cnidaria Cnidaria or Coelenterata, phylum of invertebrate animals comprising the sea anemones, corals, jellyfish, and hydroids. Cnidarians are radially symmetrical (see ...
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- coelenterate、Coelenterata
- 関
- 腔腸、腔腸動物門
[★]
腔腸動物、腔腸の
- 関
- Coelenterata、coelenteron
[★]
- ラ
- Coelenterata
- 関
- 腔腸動物