ンショウウオ目、有尾目

関: salamander、Urodela

WordNet

any of various typically terrestrial amphibians that resemble lizards and that return to water only to breed
reptilian creature supposed to live in fire

PrepTutorEJDIC

サンショウウオ / 火トカゲ(火中に住むといわれる伝説の動物)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2018/05/28 21:45:42」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

The Caudata are a group of amphibians containing the salamanders (Urodela) and all extinct species of salamander-like amphibians more closely related to salamanders than to frogs. They are typically characterized by a superficially lizard-like appearance, with slender bodies, blunt snouts, short limbs projecting at right angles to the body, and the presence of a tail in both larvae and adults.

Disagreement exists between different authorities as to the definition of the terms "Caudata" and "Urodela". Some maintain that Urodela should be restricted to the crown group, with Caudata being used for the total group. Others restrict the name Caudata to the crown group and use Urodela for the total group. The former approach seems to be most widely adopted and is used in this article.^[1]

Evolution

The origins and evolutionary relationships between the three main groups of amphibians (apodans, urodeles and anurans) is a matter of debate. A 2005 molecular phylogeny, based on rDNA analysis, suggested that the first divergence between these three groups took place soon after they had branched from the lobe-finned fish in the Devonian (around 360 million years ago), and before the breakup of the supercontinent Pangaea. The briefness of this period, and the speed at which radiation took place, may help to account for the relative scarcity of amphibian fossils that appear to be closely related to lissamphibians.^[2] However, more recent studies have generally found more recent (Late Carboniferous^[3] to Permian^[4]) age for the basalmost divergence among lissamphibians.

The first known fossil salamanders are Kokartus honorarius from the Middle Jurassic of Kyrgyzstan and two species of the apparently neotenic, aquatic Marmorerpeton from England^[5] of a similar date.^[6] They looked superficially like robust modern salamanders but lacked a number of anatomical features that developed later. Karaurus sharovi from the Upper Jurassic of Kazakhstan resembled modern mole salamanders in morphology and probably had a similar burrowing lifestyle.^[1]

The Cryptobranchoidea (primitive salamanders) and the Salamandroidea, also known as Diadectosalamandroidei, (advanced salamanders) are believed to be sister groups. Both seem to have appeared before the end of the Jurassic, the former being exemplified by Chunerpeton tianyiensis, Pangerpeton sinensis, Jeholotriton paradoxus, Regalerpeton weichangensis, Liaoxitriton daohugouensis and Iridotriton hechti, and the latter by Beiyanerpeton jianpingensis. By the Upper Cretaceous, most or all of the living salamander families had probably appeared.^[1]

All known fossil salamanders and all extinct species fall under the order Caudata, while sometimes the extant species are grouped together as the Urodela.^[7]^[8] There are about 655 extant species of salamander.^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Naish, Darren (2013-10-01). "The amazing world of salamanders". Scientific American. Retrieved 2014-01-14.
^ San Mauro, Diego; Vences, Miguel; Alcobendas, Marina; Zardoya, Rafael; Meyer, Axel (2005). "Initial diversification of living amphibians predated the breakup of Pangaea". The American Naturalist. 165 (5): 590–599. doi:10.1086/429523. PMID 15795855.
^ San Mauro, D. (2010). "A multilocus timescale for the origin of extant amphibians". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 56 (3): 554–561. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.04.019. PMID 20399871.
^ Marjanović D, Laurin M (2007). "Fossils, molecules, divergence times, and the origin of lissamphibians". Systematic Biology. 56 (3): 369–388. doi:10.1080/10635150701397635. PMID 17520502.
^ de Buffrénil V, Canoville A, Evans SE, Laurin M (2014). "Histological study of karaurids, the oldest known (stem) urodeles". Historical Biology. 27 (1): 109–114. doi:10.1080/08912963.2013.869800.
^ Marjanovic D, Laurin M (2014). "An updated paleontological timetree of lissamphibians, with comments on the anatomy of Jurassic crown-group salamanders (Urodela)". Historical Biology. 26 (4): 535–550. doi:10.1080/08912963.2013.797972.
^ Larson, A.; Dimmick, W. (1993). "Phylogenetic relationships of the salamander families: an analysis of the congruence among morphological and molecular characters". Herpetological Monographs. 7 (7): 77–93. doi:10.2307/1466953. JSTOR 1466953.
^ Blackburn, D.C.; Wake, D.B. (2011). "Class Amphibia Gray, 1825. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness" (PDF). Zootaxa. 3148: 39–55.

English Journal

The complete mitogenome sequence of Pseudohynobius jinfo (Urodela: Hynobiidae).

Huang J1,2, Su Y1,2, Zhao J1,2, Liu X1,2, Wang Z1,2.
Mitochondrial DNA. Part A, DNA mapping, sequencing, and analysis.Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal.2016 Sep;27(5):3141-2. doi: 10.3109/19401736.2015.1007303. Epub 2015 Feb 19.
The complete mitogenome sequence of Pseudohynobius jinfo, which is endemic to China, is sequenced in the present study. The genome was 16,393 bp in length, including 13 typical vertebrate protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and 1 non-coding control region. Except for ND6 and eight t
PMID 25693705

Pro-toxic 1,2-Dehydropyrrolizidine Alkaloid Esters, Including Unprecedented 10-Membered Macrocyclic Diesters, in the Medicinally-used Alafia cf. caudata and Amphineurion marginatum (Apocynaceae: Apocynoideae: Nerieae and Apocyneae).

Colegate SM1,2, Gardner DR1, Betz JM3, Fischer OW4, Liede-Schumann S5, Boppré M4.
Phytochemical analysis : PCA.Phytochem Anal.2016 Sep;27(5):257-76. doi: 10.1002/pca.2624. Epub 2016 Jul 19.
INTRODUCTION: Within the Apocynoideae (Apocynaceae) pro-toxic dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloids have been reported only in Echiteae. However, attraction of pyrrolizidine alkaloid-pharmacophagous insects suggested their presence in Alafia cf. caudata Stapf (Nerieae: Alafiinae) and Amphineurion marginatu
PMID 27432636

Proteome analysis of the liver in the Chinese fire-bellied newt Cynops orientalis.

Zang XY1,2,3, Guo JL1,2,3, Geng XF2,3, Li PF1,2,3, Sun JY1,2,3, Wang QW1,2,3, Xu CS4,5,6.
Genetics and molecular research : GMR.Genet Mol Res.2016 Aug 12;15(3). doi: 10.4238/gmr.15037993.
The Chinese fire-bellied newt, Cynops orientalis, belonging to Amphibia, Caudata, Salamandridae is a species endemic to China. The liver, which is an important digestive gland and the largest amphibian organ, has various functions, including detoxification, glycogen storage, protein synthesis, and h
PMID 27525932

Japanese Journal

Molecular Cloning, Sequence Analysis and Phylogeny of First Caudata G-type Lysozyme in Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum)

Yu Haining,Gao Jiuxiang,Lu Yiling [他]
Zoological science 30(11), 938-943, 2013-11
NAID 40019864176

Molecular Cloning, Sequence Analysis and Homology Modeling of the First Caudata Amphibian Antifreeze-like Protein in Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum)

Zhang Songyan,Gao Jiuxiang,Lu Yiling [他]
Zoological science 30(8), 658-662, 2013-08
NAID 40019729012

Mitochondrial Cytochrome b Phylogeny and Historical Biogeography of the Tohoku Salamander, Hynobius lichenatus (Amphibia, Caudata)

Aoki Gen,Matsui Masafumi,Nishikawa Kanto
Zoological science 30(3), 167-173, 2013-03
NAID 40019602885

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「有尾目」「サンショウウオ目」「Urodela」「salamander」

「有尾目」

Caudates; Temporal range:; Middle Jurassic – Present, 167.7–0 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Hellbender, Cryptobranchus alleganiensis
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Amphibia
Superorder:	Batrachia
Clade:	Caudata; Scopoli, 1777
Subgroups
	†Marmorerpeton; †Karauridae; Urodela;

　　[★]

ラ: Caudata、Urodela
関: 有尾類、サンショウウオ目

「サンショウウオ目」

　　[★]

ラ: Caudata
関: サンショウウオ、有尾類、有尾目

「Urodela」

　　[★]

有尾類、有尾目

関: Caudata、salamander、urodelan

「salamander」

　　[★]

サンショウウオ

関: Caudata、Urodela

[Naish2013-1] Naish, Darren (2013-10-01). "The amazing world of salamanders". Scientific American. Retrieved 2014-01-14.

[2] San Mauro, Diego; Vences, Miguel; Alcobendas, Marina; Zardoya, Rafael; Meyer, Axel (2005). "Initial diversification of living amphibians predated the breakup of Pangaea". The American Naturalist. 165 (5): 590–599. doi:10.1086/429523. PMID 15795855.

[SM10-3] San Mauro, D. (2010). "A multilocus timescale for the origin of extant amphibians". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 56 (3): 554–561. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.04.019. PMID 20399871.

[M&L07-4] Marjanović D, Laurin M (2007). "Fossils, molecules, divergence times, and the origin of lissamphibians". Systematic Biology. 56 (3): 369–388. doi:10.1080/10635150701397635. PMID 17520502.

[5] Buffrénil V, Canoville A, Evans SE, Laurin M (2014). "Histological study of karaurids, the oldest known (stem) urodeles". Historical Biology. 27 (1): 109–114. doi:10.1080/08912963.2013.869800.

[6] Marjanovic D, Laurin M (2014). "An updated paleontological timetree of lissamphibians, with comments on the anatomy of Jurassic crown-group salamanders (Urodela)". Historical Biology. 26 (4): 535–550. doi:10.1080/08912963.2013.797972.

[larson-7] Larson, A.; Dimmick, W. (1993). "Phylogenetic relationships of the salamander families: an analysis of the congruence among morphological and molecular characters". Herpetological Monographs. 7 (7): 77–93. doi:10.2307/1466953. JSTOR 1466953.

[Blackburn2011-8] Blackburn, D.C.; Wake, D.B. (2011). "Class Amphibia Gray, 1825. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness" (PDF). Zootaxa. 3148: 39–55.

匿名

検索

案内

案内

Caudata