ブラディリゾビウム・ジャ・ニクム

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Bradyrhizobium japonicum is a species of legume-root nodulating, microsymbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria. The species is one of many Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria commonly referred to as rhizobia.^[2] Within that broad classification, which has three groups, taxonomy studies using DNA sequencing indicate that B. japonicum belongs within homology group II.^[3]

Uses

Agriculture

B. japonicum is added to legume seed to improve crop yields,^[4] particularly in areas where the bacterium is not native (e.g. Arkansas soils).^[5] Often the inoculate is adhered to the seeds prior to planting using a sugar solution.^[6]

Research

A strain of B. japonicum, USDA110, has been in use a model organism since 1957.^[2] It is widely used to study molecular genetics, plant physiology, and plant ecology due to its relatively superior symbiotic nitrogen-fixation activity with soybean (i.e. compared to other rhizobia species). Its entire genome was sequenced in 2002, revealing that the species has a single circular chromosome with 9,105,828 base pairs.^[7]

Metabolism

B. japonicum is able to degrade catechin with formation of phloroglucinol carboxylic acid, further decarboxylated to phloroglucinol, which is dehydroxylated to resorcinol and hydroxyquinol.^{[citation needed]}

B. japonicum possess the nosRZDFYLX gene, which aides in denitrification and has two catalytic subunits - Cu-a and Cu-z (with several histidine residues). It manages an expression cascade that can sense oxygen gradients, termed 'FixJ-FixK2-FixK1.' FixJ positively regulates FixK2, which activates nitrogen respiration genes, as well as FixK1. FixK1 mutants are unable to respire from nitrogen due to a defective catatylic copper subunit (Cu-z) in nosRZDFYLX.^[8]

Genetic transformation

Natural genetic transformation in bacteria is a sexual process involving transfer of DNA from one cell to another through the intervening medium, and the integration of the donor sequence into the recipient genome by homologous recombination. B. japonicum cells are able to undergo transformation.^[9] They become competent for DNA uptake during late log phase.

References

^ "to Bradyrhizobium gen. nov., a genus of slow-growing, root nodule bacteria from leguminous plants". Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 32: 136–139. 1982. doi:10.1099/00207713-32-1-136.
^ ^a ^b Board, James E. (2012). A Comprehensive Survey of International Soybean Research - Genetics, Physiology, Agronomy and Nitrogen Relationships (1st ed.). Rijeka, Croatia: InTech. pp. 5–6. ISBN 9789535108764. doi:10.5772/53728.
^ A. B. Hollis, W. E. Kloos & G. E. Elkan (1981). "DNA:DNA hybridization studies of Rhizobium japonicum and related Rhizobiaceae". Journal of General Microbiology. 123: 215–222. doi:10.1099/00221287-123-2-215.
^ Purcell, Larry C.; Salmeron, Montserrat; Ashlock, Lanny (2013). "Chapter 5" (PDF). Arkansas Soybean Production Handbook - MP197. Little Rock, AR: University of Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service. p. 5. Retrieved 21 February 2016.
^ Purcell, Larry C.; Salmeron, Montserrat; Ashlock, Lanny (2000). "Chapter 7" (PDF). Arkansas Soybean Production Handbook - MP197. Little Rock, AR: University of Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service. pp. 2–3. Retrieved 21 February 2016.
^ Bennett, J. Michael; Rhetoric, Emeritus; Hicks, Dale R.; Naeve, Seth L.; Bennett, Nancy Bush (2014). The Minnesota Soybean Field Book (PDF). St Paul, MN: University of Minnesota Extension. p. 79. Retrieved 21 February 2016.
^ Kaneko, T; Nakamura, Y; Sato, S; Minamisawa, K; Uchiumi, T; Sasamoto, S; Watanabe, A; Idesawa, K; Iriguchi, M; Kawashima, K; Kohara, M; Matsumoto, M; Shimpo, S; Tsuruoka, H; Wada, T; Yamada, M; Tabata, S (2002). "Complete genomic sequence of nitrogen-fixing symbiotic bacterium Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA110". DNA Research. 9 (6): 189–197. PMID 12597275. doi:10.1093/dnares/9.6.189.
^ D. Nellen-Anthamatten, P. Rossi; et al. (1998). "Bradyrhizobium japonicum, FixK2, a Crucial Distributor in the FixLJ-Dependent Regulatory Cascade for Control of Genes Inducible by Low Oxygen Levels". [Journal of Bacteriology]. 180 (19): 5251–5255.
^ Raina JL, Modi VV (1972). "Deoxyribonucleate binding and transformation in Rhizobium jpaonicum". J. Bacteriol. 111 (2): 356–60. PMC 251290 . PMID 4538250.

External links

Bradyrhizobium on www.bacterio.cict.fr
Type strain of Bradyrhizobium japonicum at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Process optimization and kinetic modelling of cyclic (1→3, 1→6)-β-glucans production from Bradyrhizobium japonicum MTCC120.

Nair AV1, Gummadi SN1, Doble M2.
Journal of biotechnology.J Biotechnol.2016 May 20;226:35-43. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.03.055. Epub 2016 Apr 1.
Cyclic (1→3, 1→6)-β-glucans are water soluble, biocompatible polymers with potential applications in food and pharmaceutical industries but have not yet been exploited due to their poor yield. In the present study statistical experimental design methodology was employed to improve their product
PMID 27046066

Characterization and biological activities of cyclic (1 → 3, 1 → 6)-β-glucans from Bradyrhizobium japonicum.

Nair AV1, Gummadi SN1, Doble M2.
Biotechnology letters.Biotechnol Lett.2016 May 14. [Epub ahead of print]
OBJECTIVE: To isolate cyclic (1 → 3, 1 → 6)-β-glucan from Bradyrhizobium japonicum MTCC120, to characterize its structure and to study its biological activities.RESULTS: The degree of polymerization of cyclic (1 → 3, 1 → 6)-β-glucan varied between 10 and 13 and with substituents a
PMID 27193761

Functional analysis of alternative transcripts of the soybean Rj2 gene that restricts nodulation with specific rhizobial strains.

Tang F1, Yang S1, Zhu H1.
Plant biology (Stuttgart, Germany).Plant Biol (Stuttg).2016 May;18(3):537-41. doi: 10.1111/plb.12442. Epub 2016 Feb 28.
The Rj2 gene is a TIR-NBS-LRR-type resistance gene in soybean (Glycine max) that restricts root nodule symbiosis with a group of Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains including USDA122. Rj2 generates two distinct transcript variants in its expression profile through alternative splicing. Alternative spli
PMID 26848549

Japanese Journal

Influence of Elevated Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide on Transcriptional Responses of Bradyrhizobium japonicum in the Soybean Rhizoplane

SUGAWARA MASAYUKI,SADOWSKY MICHAEL J.
Microbes and Environments 28(2), 217-227, 2013-06
NAID 40019654842

Involvement of a Novel Genistein-Inducible Multidrug Efflux Pump of Bradyrhizobium japonicum Early in the Interaction with Glycine max (L.) Merr

Takeshima Keisuke,Hidaka Tatsuo,Wei Min,Yokoyama Tadashi,Minamisawa Kiwamu,Mitsui Hisayuki,Itakura Manabu,Kaneko Takakazu,Tabata Satoshi,Saeki Kazuhiko,Oomori Hirofumi,Tajima Shigeyuki,Uchiumi Toshiki,Abe Mikiko,Tokuji Yoshihiko,Ohwada Takuji
Microbes and Environments, 2013
… The early molecular dialogue between soybean and the bacterium Bradyrhizobium japonicum is crucial for triggering their symbiotic interaction. …
NAID 130003382018

A Role of Bradyrhizobium elkanii and Closely Related Strains in the Degradation of Methoxychlor in Soil and Surface Water Environments

SATSUMA Koji,MASUDA Minoru,SATO Kiyoshi
Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 2013
… We have reported that a leguminous bacterial strain, Bradyrhizobium sp. … strain 17-4, isolated from river sediment, phylogenetically very close to Bradyrhizobium elkanii, degraded methoxychlor through O-demethylation and oxidative dechlorination. … Furthermore, Bradyrhizobium sp. … In contrast, another representative Bradyrhizobium species, B. … japonicum (USDA110), did not degrade methoxychlor at all. …
NAID 130003381924

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リンク元	「ブラディリゾビウム・ジャポニクム」
関連記事	「Bradyrhizobium」

「ブラディリゾビウム・ジャポニクム」

Bradyrhizobium japonicum
	Bradyrhizobium japonicum strain USDA 110 on an agar plate
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Proteobacteria
Class:	Alphaproteobacteria
Order:	Rhizobiales
Family:	Bradyrhizobiaceae
Genus:	Bradyrhizobium
Species:	B. japonicum
Binomial name
	Bradyrhizobium japonicum; (Kirchner 1896) Jordan, 1982
Synonyms
	Rhizobium japonicum Buchanan 1926; Rhizobacterium japonicum Kirchner 1896

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ラ: Bradyrhizobium japonicum

「Bradyrhizobium」

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ブラディリゾビウム、ブラジリゾビウム、ラディリゾビウム属、ブラジリゾビウム属、Bradyrhizobium属、ダイズ根粒菌属

関: Bradyrhizobiaceae

[1] "to Bradyrhizobium gen. nov., a genus of slow-growing, root nodule bacteria from leguminous plants". Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 32: 136–139. 1982. doi:10.1099/00207713-32-1-136.

[James-2] Board, James E. (2012). A Comprehensive Survey of International Soybean Research - Genetics, Physiology, Agronomy and Nitrogen Relationships (1st ed.). Rijeka, Croatia: InTech. pp. 5–6. ISBN 9789535108764. doi:10.5772/53728.

[3] A. B. Hollis, W. E. Kloos & G. E. Elkan (1981). "DNA:DNA hybridization studies of Rhizobium japonicum and related Rhizobiaceae". Journal of General Microbiology. 123: 215–222. doi:10.1099/00221287-123-2-215.

[Chapter5-4] Purcell, Larry C.; Salmeron, Montserrat; Ashlock, Lanny (2013). "Chapter 5" (PDF). Arkansas Soybean Production Handbook - MP197. Little Rock, AR: University of Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service. p. 5. Retrieved 21 February 2016.

[Chapter7-5] Purcell, Larry C.; Salmeron, Montserrat; Ashlock, Lanny (2000). "Chapter 7" (PDF). Arkansas Soybean Production Handbook - MP197. Little Rock, AR: University of Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service. pp. 2–3. Retrieved 21 February 2016.

[6] Bennett, J. Michael; Rhetoric, Emeritus; Hicks, Dale R.; Naeve, Seth L.; Bennett, Nancy Bush (2014). The Minnesota Soybean Field Book (PDF). St Paul, MN: University of Minnesota Extension. p. 79. Retrieved 21 February 2016.

[7] Kaneko, T; Nakamura, Y; Sato, S; Minamisawa, K; Uchiumi, T; Sasamoto, S; Watanabe, A; Idesawa, K; Iriguchi, M; Kawashima, K; Kohara, M; Matsumoto, M; Shimpo, S; Tsuruoka, H; Wada, T; Yamada, M; Tabata, S (2002). "Complete genomic sequence of nitrogen-fixing symbiotic bacterium Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA110". DNA Research. 9 (6): 189–197. PMID 12597275. doi:10.1093/dnares/9.6.189.

[8] D. Nellen-Anthamatten, P. Rossi; et al. (1998). "Bradyrhizobium japonicum, FixK2, a Crucial Distributor in the FixLJ-Dependent Regulatory Cascade for Control of Genes Inducible by Low Oxygen Levels". [Journal of Bacteriology]. 180 (19): 5251–5255.

[pmid4538250-9] Raina JL, Modi VV (1972). "Deoxyribonucleate binding and transformation in Rhizobium jpaonicum". J. Bacteriol. 111 (2): 356–60. PMC 251290 . PMID 4538250.

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Bradyrhizobium japonicum