関: Lithospermum

WordNet

a widely distributed family of plants distinguished by circinate flowers and nutlike fruit (同)family Boraginaceae, borage family
annual or perennial herbaceous or shrubby plants; cosmopolitan except Australia (同)genus Lithospermum

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/05/17 08:12:14」(JST)

wiki ja

[Wiki ja表示]

ムラサキ科（ムラサキか、Boraginaceae）は双子葉植物の科のひとつ。約100属、約2,000種からなる巨大な科であり、灌木、亜灌木または草本で、世界中に分布する。日本には、草本の11属と木本の1属が分布している。

特徴

全体的に多毛で、花序が渦巻き状（巻繖花序）になるのが特徴。花弁は5つに分かれ、果実は核果または4個に分かれる分果となる。ワスレナグサ、ヘリオトロープなどのような観賞植物、ボリッジなどのハーブが有名。

ネモフィラやファセリアなどの草花を含むハゼリソウ科（Hydrophyllaceae）は、APG植物分類体系では、この科に統合された。

AGP IIにおいては、ムラサキ科は真正キク類I（リンドウ目、シソ目、ナス目を含む）に分類されるが、これらの目の1つに位置するのか、それらから独立しているのかどうかはまだ不明確である。従来のクロンキスト体系では、ムラサキ科はシソ目に含まれていたが、現在では、ムラサキ科はシソ科とはかけ離れていることが証明されている。

ムラサキは日本固有の種で、花は白いがその根は紫色の染料や生薬としても利用されてきた。西洋種の根にはこの色素や働きは無い。武蔵野に古くはよく見られ、伝統校の校章にもされてきたが、現在は絶滅危惧種となっている。栽培するには技術が必要である。

属の一覧

Echium wildpretii （カナリア諸島特産）

Myosotidium hortensia

タチカメバソウ

Trigonotis guilielmii

キュウリグサ

Trigonotis peduncularis

A

Actinocarya
Adelocaryum
Afrotysonia
Alkanna (Alkanets)
Amblynotus
Amphibologyne
Amsinckia
ウシノシタグサ属 Anchusa
サワルリソウ属 Ancistrocarya
Anoplocaryum
Antiotrema
Antiphytum (Saucerflower)
Arnebia
スナビキソウ属 Argusia
Asperugo (Madwort)
Auxemma

B

ボラゴ属 Borago - ルリヂサ
ハナイバナ属 Bothriospermum - ハナイバナ
Bourreria (Strongback)
Brachybotrys
Brunnera
Buglossoides

C

Caccinia
Carmona (Scorpionbush)
Cerinthe
Chionocharis
Choriantha
カキバチシャノキ属 Cordia
Craniospermum
Cryptantha
Cynoglossopsis
オオルリソウ属 Cynoglossum
Cynoglottis
Cysostemon

D

Dasynotus
Decalepidanthus

E

Echiochilon
Echiostachys
シャゼンムラサキ属 Echium
チシャノキ属 Ehretia
Elizaldia
Embadium
ミヤマムラサキ属 Eritrichium

G

Gastrocotyle
Gyrocaryum

H

イワムラサキ属 Hackelia（Stickseed）
Halacsya
Heliocarya
キダチルリソウ属 Heliotropium - ヘリオトロープ
Heterocaryum
Huynhia

I

Ivanjohnstonia
Ixorhea

L

Lacaitaea
Lappula
Lasiarrhenum
Lasiocaryum
Lepechiniella
Lepidocordia
Lindelophia
Lithodora
ムラサキ属 Lithospermum - ムラサキ
Lobostemon

M

Macromeria
Maharanga
Mairetis
Mattiastrum
ハマベンケイソウ属 Mertensia - ハマベンケイソウ
Metaeritrichium
Microcaryum
Microula
Mimophytum
Moltkia
Moltkiopsis
Moritzia
Myosotidium
ワスレナグサ属 Myosotis - ワスレナグサ

N

Neatostema
ルリカラクサ属 Nemophila - ネモフィラ
Nesocaryum
Nogalia
Nomosa
Nonea (monkswort)

O

Ogastemma
ルリソウ属 Omphalodes - ルリソウ
Omphalolappula
Omphalotrigonotis
オノスマ属 Onosma
Onosmodium
Oxyosmyles

P

Paracaryum
Pardoglossum
Patagonula
Pectocarya
Pentaglottis
Perittostema
Phacelia
Plagiobothrys
Pseudomertensia
Psilolaemus
Pteleocarpa
ヒメムラサキ属 Pulmonaria

R

Rindera
Rochefortia
Rochelia
Rotula

S

Saccellium
Scapicephalus
Selkirkia
Sericostoma
Sinojohnstonia
Solenanthus
Stenosolenium
Stephanocaryum
Suchtelenia
ヒレハリソウ属 Symphytum - ヒレハリソウ（コンフリー）

T

Thaumatocaryum
Thyrocarpus
Tianschaniella
Tiquilia
Tournefortia (Soldierbush)
Trachelanthus
Trachystemon
Trichodesma
Trigonocaryum
キュウリグサ属 Trigonotis - ミズタビラコ、タチカメバソウ、キュウリグサ

U

Ulugbekia

V

Valentiniella

ウィキメディア・コモンズには、ムラサキ科に関連するカテゴリがあります。

この項目は、植物に関連した書きかけの項目です。この項目を加筆・訂正などしてくださる協力者を求めています（プロジェクト:植物／Portal:植物）。

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

The Boraginaceae, the borage or forget-me-not family, includes a variety of shrubs, trees, and herbs, totaling about 2,000 species in 146 genera found worldwide. ^[3]

According to the APG II, the Boraginaceae belongs among the euasterid I group, including the orders Gentianales, Lamiales, and Solanales, but whether it should be assigned to one of these orders or to its own (Boraginales) is still uncertain. Under the older Cronquist system it was included in Lamiales, but it is now clear that it is no more similar to the other families in this order than they are to families in several other asterid orders. The Boraginaceae is paraphyletic with respect to Hydrophyllaceae and the latter is included in the former in the APG II system. In some recent classifications the Boraginaceae is broken up into several families: Boraginaceae sensu stricto, Cordiaceae, Ehretiaceae, Heliotropiaceae, Lennoaceae, and Hydrophyllaceae.

These plants have alternately arranged leaves, or a combination of alternate and opposite leaves. The leaf blades usually have a narrow shape; many are linear or lance-shaped. They are smooth-edged or toothed, and some have petioles. Most species have bisexual flowers, but some taxa are dioecious. Most pollination is by hymenopterans, such as bees. Most species have inflorescences that have a coiling shape, at least when new. The flower has a usually five-lobed calyx. The corolla varies in shape from rotate to bell-shaped to tubular, but it generally has five lobes. It can be green, white, yellow, orange, pink, purple, or blue. There are five stamens and one style with one or two stigmas. The fruit is a drupe, sometimes fleshy.^[4]

Most members of this family have hairy leaves. The coarse character of the hairs is due to cystoliths of silicon dioxide and calcium carbonate. These hairs can induce an adverse skin reaction, including itching and rash in some individuals, particularly among people who handle the plants regularly, such as gardeners. In some species, anthocyanins cause the flowers to change color from red to blue with age. This is may be a signal to pollinators that a flower is old and depleted of pollen and nectar.^[5]

Well-known members of the family include:

alkanet (Alkanna tinctoria)
borage (Borago officinalis)
comfrey (Symphytum spp.)
fiddleneck (Amsinckia spp.)
forget-me-not (Myosotis spp.)
geigertree (Cordia sebestena)
green alkanet (Pentaglottis sempervirens)
heliotrope (Heliotropium spp.)
hound's tongue (Cynoglossum spp.)
lungwort (Pulmonaria spp.)
oysterplant (Mertensia maritima)
purple viper's bugloss (Echium plantagineum)
Siberian bugloss (Brunnera macrophylla)
viper's bugloss (Echium vulgare)

Genera

Actinocarya
Adelocaryum
Afrotysonia
Alkanna
Amblynotus
Amphibologyne
Amsinckia
Anchusa
Ancistrocarya
Anoplocaryum
Antiotrema
Antiphytum
Arnebia
Asperugo
Auxemma
Borago
Bothriospermum
Bourreria
Brachybotrys
Brunnera
Buglossoides
Caccinia
Carmona
Cerinthe
Chionocharis
Choriantha
Cordia
Craniospermum
Cryptantha
Cynoglossopsis
Cynoglossum
Cynoglottis
Cysostemon
Dasynotus
Decalepidanthus
Echiochilon
Echiostachys
Echium
Ehretia
Elizaldia
Embadium
Eritrichium
Gastrocotyle
Gyrocaryum
Hackelia
Halacsya
Halgania
Harpagonella
Heliocarya
Heliotropium
Heterocaryum
Huynhia
Ivanjohnstonia
Ixorhea
Lacaitaea
Lappula
Lasiarrhenum
Lasiocaryum
Lepechiniella
Lepidocordia
Lindelophia
Lithodora
Lithospermum
Lobostemon
Macromeria
Maharanga
Mairetis
Mattiastrum
Mertensia
Metaeritrichium
Microcaryum
Microula
Mimophytum
Moltkia
Moltkiopsis
Moritzia
Myosotidium
Myosotis
Neatostema
Nesocaryum
Nogalia
Nomosa
Nonea
Ogastemma
Omphalodes
Omphalolappula
Omphalotrigonotis
Onosma
Oxyosmyles
Paracaryum
Pardoglossum
Patagonula
Pectocarya
Pentaglottis
Perittostema
Phacelia
Plagiobothrys
Pseudomertensia
Psilolaemus
Pteleocarpa
Pulmonaria
Rindera
Rochefortia
Rochelia
Rotula
Saccellium
Scapicephalus
Sericostoma
Sinojohnstonia
Solenanthus
Stenosolenium
Stephanocaryum
Suchtelenia
Symphytum
Thaumatocaryum
Thyrocarpus
Tianschaniella
Tiquilia
Tournefortia
Trachelanthus
Trachystemon
Trichodesma
Trigonocaryum
Trigonotis
Ulugbekia
Valentiniella

References

^ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III" (PDF). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161 (2): 105–121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x. Retrieved 2013-07-06.
^ "Boraginaceae Juss., nom. cons.". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2007-04-12. Retrieved 2009-04-02.
^ Boraginaceae. Diversityoflife.com
^ Watson, L. and M. J. Dallwitz. 1992 onwards. Boraginaceae Juss. The Families of Flowering Plants. Version: 19 August 2013.
^ Hess, D. 2005. Systematische Botanik. ISBN 3-8252-2673-5

External links

Distribution Map And Genus list At Boraginaceae At Boraginales At: Trees At: APweb At: Missouri Botanical Garden
Boraginaceae In:Mabberley's Plant-Book
Boraginaceae At: Plant Names At: IPNI
Home page of James L. Reveal and C. Rose Broome
Boraginaceae (Search Exact) At Name Search At: Tropicos At: Missouri Botanical Garden
Boraginaceae. Topwalks.net: Walking Routes in Spain.
Boraginaceae. Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).

UpToDate Contents

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Biotechnological approaches to the production of shikonins: a critical review with recent updates.

Malik S1, Bhushan S, Sharma M, Ahuja PS.
Critical reviews in biotechnology.Crit Rev Biotechnol.2014 Oct 16:1-14. [Epub ahead of print]
Abstract Shikonins are commercially important secondary compounds, known for array of biological activities such as antimicrobial, insecticidal, antitumor, antioxidants, etc. These compounds are usually colored and therefore have application in food, textiles and cosmetics. Shikonin and its derivati
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Two new species of Geodiscelis Michener & Rozen (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Colletidae) with a phylogenetic analysis and subgeneric classification of the genus.

Packer L1, Dumesh S2.
Zootaxa.Zootaxa.2014 Aug 28;3857:275-91. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.3857.2.7.
Two new species of the genus Geodiscelis are described: Geodiscelis nazcalinea Packer & Dumesh, sp. nov. from Peru (the first record of the genus from that country) and G. phisquiri Packer & Dumesh, sp. nov. from northern Chile. The new species are most closely related to G. longiceps, but d
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Effects of exogenous methyl jasmonate on the biosynthesis of shikonin derivatives in callus tissues of Arnebia euchroma.

Hao H1, Lei C, Dong Q, Shen Y, Chi J, Ye H, Wang H.
Applied biochemistry and biotechnology.Appl Biochem Biotechnol.2014 Aug;173(8):2198-210. doi: 10.1007/s12010-014-1025-9. Epub 2014 Jun 29.
The shikonin derivatives, accumulated in the roots of Arnebia euchroma (Boraginaceae), showed antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor activities. To explore their possible biosynthesis regulation mechanism, this paper investigated the effects of exogenous methyl jasmonate (MJ) on the biosyn
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日本国内に分布するC4植物のフロラの再検討

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Cytomixis and Associated Abnormalities during Male Meiosis in Lindelofia longiflora var. falconeri (Boraginaceae)

CYTOLOGIA 79(4), 535-540, 2014
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ネモフィラ'インシグニスブルー'の青色花弁およびその変異系統の紫色花弁から単離された花色素

Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science 83(3), 259-266, 2014
NAID 130004510824

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「Lithospermum」「ムラサキ科」

「Lithospermum」

Boraginaceae
	Changing forget-me-not (Myosotis discolor)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Asterids
Order:	Incertae sedis
Family:	Boraginaceae; Juss.
Subfamilies
	Boraginoideae; Cordioideae; Ehretioideae; Heliotropioideae; Hydrophylloideae; Lennooideae;

ムラサキ科
	ハマワスレナグサ（Myosotis discolor）
分類
属
	本文参照;

　　[★]

ムラサキ属、リソスペルマム属、Lithospermum属

関: Boraginaceae

「ムラサキ科」

　　[★]

ラ: Boraginaceae
関: ムラサキ属

[APGIII2009-1] Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III" (PDF). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161 (2): 105–121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x. Retrieved 2013-07-06.

[2] "Boraginaceae Juss., nom. cons.". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2007-04-12. Retrieved 2009-04-02.

[3] Boraginaceae. Diversityoflife.com

[4] Watson, L. and M. J. Dallwitz. 1992 onwards. Boraginaceae Juss. The Families of Flowering Plants. Version: 19 August 2013.

[5] Hess, D. 2005. Systematische Botanik. ISBN 3-8252-2673-5

Boraginaceae

Changing forget-me-not (Myosotis discolor)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Asterids
Order:	Incertae sedis
Family:	Boraginaceae Juss.^[1]
Subfamilies
Boraginoideae Cordioideae Ehretioideae Heliotropioideae Hydrophylloideae Lennooideae^[2]

匿名

検索

案内

Boraginaceae