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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/08/03 05:13:59」(JST)

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Carmustine (bis-chloroethylnitrosourea, BCNU, BiCNU) is a mustard gas-related β-chloro-nitrosourea compound used as an alkylating agent in chemotherapy. As a dialkylating agent, BCNU is able to form interstrand crosslinks in DNA, which prevents DNA replication and DNA transcription.

It has the appearance of an orange-yellow solid.

Carmustine for injection was earlier marketed under the name BiCNU by Bristol-Myers Squibb^[2] and now by Emcure Pharmaceuticals.^[3] In India it is sold under various brand names including Consium .

Uses

It is used in the treatment of several types of brain cancer (including glioma, glioblastoma multiforme, medulloblastoma and astrocytoma), multiple myeloma and lymphoma (Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin). BCNU is sometimes used in conjunction with alkyl guanine transferase (AGT) inhibitors, such as O⁶-benzylguanine. The AGT-inhibitors increase the efficacy of BCNU by inhibiting the direct reversal pathway of DNA repair, which will prevent formation of the interstrand crosslink between the N¹ of guanine and the N³ of cytosine.

It is also used as part of a chemotherapeutic protocol in preparation for hematological stem cell transplantation, a type of bone marrow transplant, in order to reduce the white blood cell count in the recipient (patient). Use under this protocol, usually with Fludarabine and Melphalan, was coined by oncologists at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center.

Implants

In the treatment of brain tumours, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved biodegradable discs infused with carmustine (Gliadel).^[4] They are implanted under the skull during a surgery called a craniotomy.^[5] The disc allows for controlled release of carmustine in the extracellular fluid of the brain, thus eliminating the need for the encapsulated drug to cross the blood-brain barrier.^[6]

References

^ "Carmustine - Compound Summary". PubChem Compound. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. 25 March 2005. Identification. Retrieved 11 April 2012.
^ http://www.bms.com/news/features/2012/Pages/CompanyStatementonBiCNU.aspx
^ Emcure Press release
^ Ewend MG, Brem S, Gilbert M et al. (June 2007). "Treatment of single brain metastasis with resection, intracavity carmustine polymer wafers, and radiation therapy is safe and provides excellent local control". Clin. Cancer Res. 13 (12): 3637–41. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-2095. PMID 17575228.
^ http://www.cancerbackup.org.uk/Treatments/Chemotherapy/Individualdrugs/Gliadelimplants
^ http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/hmn/W05/feature3.cfm

External links

MedlinePlus DrugInfo medmaster-a682060
BiCNU package insert, U.S.
Idis press release for EU

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Implanted Carmustine Wafers Followed by Concomitant Radiochemotherapy to Treat Newly Diagnosed Malignant Gliomas: Prospective, Observational, Multicenter Study on 92 Cases.

Duntze J, Litré CF, Eap C, Théret E, Debreuve A, Jovenin N, Lechapt-Zalcman E, Metellus P, Colin P, Guillamo JS, Emery E, Menei P, Rousseaux P, Peruzzi P.SourceDepartment of Neurosurgery, Hôpital Maison Blanche, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France, jduntze@chu-reims.fr.
Annals of surgical oncology.Ann Surg Oncol.2012 Dec 2. [Epub ahead of print]
OBJECTIVES: Study the feasibility and effectiveness of a treatment associated surgery, intraoperative chemotherapy (carmustine wafers), and concomitant radiochemotherapy (temozolomide) for the management of newly diagnosed, high-grade gliomas.METHODS: Prospective multicenter study conducted in 17 Fr
PMID 23212763

The effects of the NICE Technology Appraisal 121 (Gliadel and Temozolomide) on survival in high-grade glioma.

Barr JG, Grundy PL.SourceWessex Neurological Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust , Southampton , UK.
British journal of neurosurgery.Br J Neurosurg.2012 Dec;26(6):818-22. doi: 10.3109/02688697.2012.697221. Epub 2012 Jun 21.
Objective. The prognosis of high-grade glioma (HGG) is poor with a median survival of about 1 year for glioblastoma. In 2007, NICE published a technology appraisal (TA121) recommending the use of carmustine wafers (Gliadel) and systemic therapy with temozolomide for selected patients with HGG. Outco
PMID 22715955

Related Pictures

Category > Pharmaceutical Products > BICNU BICNU 100 MG VIAL BICNU - Disponível Medicamento Bicnu - Buy Bicnu - Bicnu Supplier - Bicnu BiCNU (Heritage Pharmaceuticals Inc.): FDA bicnu bicnu bcnu carmustine injection 500mg Cidofovir Natulan Zanosar BiCNU Thread: BiCNU Official FDA information

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元

「カルムスチン」

Carmustine
Names
	IUPAC name 1,3-Bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea
	Other names N,N’-Bis(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitroso-urea[citation needed]
Identifiers
CAS Registry Number	154-93-8
ATC code	L01AD01
ChEBI	CHEBI:3423
ChEMBL	ChEMBL513
ChemSpider	2480
DrugBank	DB00262
EC number	205-838-2
	InChI InChI=1S/C5H9Cl2N3O2/c6-1-3-8-5(11)10(9-12)4-2-7/h1-4H2,(H,8,11) ; Key: DLGOEMSEDOSKAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
Jmol-3D images	Image
KEGG	D00254
MeSH	Carmustine
PubChem	2578
RTECS number	YS2625000
	SMILES ClCCNC(=O)N(CCCl)N=O ;
UNII	U68WG3173Y
UN number	2811
Properties
Chemical formula	C5H9Cl2N3O2
Molar mass	214.05 g·mol−1
Appearance	Orange crystals
Odor	Odourless
Melting point	30 °C (86 °F; 303 K)
log P	1.375
Acidity (pKa)	10.194
Basicity (pKb)	3.803
Hazards
GHS pictograms
GHS signal word	DANGER
GHS hazard statements	H300, H350, H360
GHS precautionary statements	P301+310, P308+313
EU classification	T+
R-phrases	R45, R46, R60, R61, R28
S-phrases	S22, S36/37/39, S45
	Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (Median dose)	20 mg kg−1 (oral, rat)
Related compounds
Related ureas	Dimethylurea
Related compounds	Noxytiolin; 1,1,3,3-Tetramethylguanidine; Metformin; Allantoic acid; Buformin;
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
	verify (what is: /?)
	Infobox references

　　[★]

英: carmustine、BCNU、BiCNU？
商: ギリアデル

[1] "Carmustine - Compound Summary". PubChem Compound. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. 25 March 2005. Identification. Retrieved 11 April 2012.

[2] ttp://www.bms.com/news/features/2012/Pages/CompanyStatementonBiCNU.aspx

[3] Emcure Press release

[pmid17575228-4] Ewend MG, Brem S, Gilbert M et al. (June 2007). "Treatment of single brain metastasis with resection, intracavity carmustine polymer wafers, and radiation therapy is safe and provides excellent local control". Clin. Cancer Res. 13 (12): 3637–41. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-2095. PMID 17575228.

[5] ttp://www.cancerbackup.org.uk/Treatments/Chemotherapy/Individualdrugs/Gliadelimplants

[6] ttp://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/hmn/W05/feature3.cfm

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BiCNU