ベッツ細胞
WordNet
- small room in which a monk or nun lives (同)cubicle
- a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction (同)electric cell
- a room where a prisoner is kept (同)jail cell, prison cell
- (biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
- any small compartment; "the cells of a honeycomb"
- a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement (同)cadre
PrepTutorEJDIC
- (刑務所の)『独房』;(修道院の)小さい独居室 / (ミツバチの)みつ房,巣穴 / 小さい部屋 / 『細胞』 / 電池 / 花粉室 / (共産党などの)細胞
- berylliumの化学記号
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/01/18 10:07:51」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
| Betz cell |
|
A human neocortical pyramidal neuron such as a Betz Cell stained via Golgi technique.
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| Details |
| Location |
Layer V of Cortex in primary motor cortex |
| Morphology |
Multipolar Pyramidal -- some of the longest axons in the body. |
| Function |
excitatory projection neuron to spinal cord |
| Neurotransmitter |
Glutamate |
| Presynaptic connections |
Superficial cortical layers, premotor cortex |
| Postsynaptic connections |
Ventral horn of the spinal cord |
| Identifiers |
| NeuroLex ID |
Betz Cell |
| Anatomical terminology
[edit on Wikidata]
|
Betz cells (also known as pyramidal cells of Betz) are giant pyramidal cells (neurons) located within the fifth layer of the grey matter in the primary motor cortex. They are named after Ukrainian scientist Vladimir Betz, who described them in his work published in 1874.[1] These neurons are the largest in the central nervous system, sometimes reaching 100 μm in diameter.[2][3] Betz cells are upper motor neurons that send their axons down to the spinal cord via the corticospinal tract, where in humans they synapse directly with anterior horn cells, which in turn synapse directly with their target muscles. While Betz cells have one apical dendrite typical of pyramidal neurons, they have more primary dendritic shafts, which can branch out at almost any point from the soma (cell body).[4] These perisomatic (around the cell body) and basal dendrites project into all cortical layers, but most of their horizontal branches/arbors populate layers V and VI, some reaching down into the white matter.[5] According to one study, Betz cells represent about 10% of the total pyramidal cell population in layer Vb of the human primary motor cortex.[6]
Notes
- ^ Betz W. (1874) Anatomischer Nachweis zweier Gehirncentra. Centralblatt für die medizinischen Wissenschaften. 12:578-580, 595-599.
- ^ Purves, Dale; George J. Augustine; David Fitzpatrick; William C. Hall; Anthony-Samuel LaMantia; James O. McNamara & Leonard E. White (2008). Neuroscience (4th ed.). Sinauer Associates. pp. 432–4. ISBN 978-0-87893-697-7.
- ^ Nolte, J. The Human Brain, 5th ed. Mosby: Missouri; 2002, p.527. ISBN 0-323-01320-1
- ^ Braak, H; Braak, E (1976). "The pyramidal cells of Betz within the cingulate and precentral gigantopyramidal field in the human brain. A Golgi and pigmentarchitectonic study.". Cell and tissue research. 172 (1): 103–19. doi:10.1007/bf00226052. PMID 991201.
- ^ Meyer, G (1987). "Forms and spatial arrangement of neurons in the primary motor cortex of man.". The Journal of Comparative Neurology. 262 (3): 402–28. doi:10.1002/cne.902620306. PMID 3655019.
- ^ Rivara, CB; Sherwood, CC; Bouras, C; Hof, PR (2003). "Stereologic characterization and spatial distribution patterns of Betz cells in the human primary motor cortex.". The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology. 270 (2): 137–51. doi:10.1002/ar.a.10015. PMID 12524689.
External links
- Stained brain slice images which include the "Betz cell" at the BrainMaps project
- NIF Search - Betz Cell via the Neuroscience Information Framework
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Cerebrum cortex types
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|
| Structure types |
- Isocortex
- True isocortex or Neocortex
- Proisocortex
- Allocortex
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|
| Layers |
- Internal granular layer
- External granular layer
|
|
| Cells |
- Betz cell
- Pyramidal cell
- Stellate cell
|
UpToDate Contents
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- 1. 筋萎縮性側索硬化症の疫学および病因epidemiology and pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis [show details]
…degeneration and death with gliosis replacing lost neurons. Cortical motor cells (pyramidal and Betz cells) disappear, leading to retrograde axonal loss and gliosis in the corticospinal tract. This gliosis …
- 2. フリードライヒ失調症friedreich ataxia [show details]
…there is atrophy of the dentate nucleus and its efferent axons . In the cortex, there is loss of Betz cells and corresponding corticospinal tract degeneration; the latter feature is also observed in the…
English Journal
- Peak inflammation in atherosclerosis, primary biliary cirrhosis and autoimmune arthritis is counter-intuitively associated with regulatory T cell enrichment.
- Garetto S1, Trovato AE1, Lleo A2, Sala F3, Martini E1, Betz AG4, Norata GD5, Invernizzi P6, Kallikourdis M7.
- Immunobiology.Immunobiology.2015 Aug;220(8):1025-9. doi: 10.1016/j.imbio.2015.02.006. Epub 2015 Feb 26.
- Regulatory T cells (Treg) influence the development of autoimmunity and their use is increasingly proposed for clinical applications. The well-characterized suppressive potential of Treg frequently leads to the assumption that Treg presence in prevailing numbers is indicative of immunosuppression. W
- PMID 25770018
- Integrative molecular profiling of routine clinical prostate cancer specimens.
- Grasso CS1, Cani AK2, Hovelson DH3, Quist MJ1, Douville NJ4, Yadati V2, Amin AM2, Nelson PS5, Betz BL2, Liu CJ2, Knudsen KE6, Cooney KA7, Feng FY8, McDaniel AS2, Tomlins SA9.
- Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / ESMO.Ann Oncol.2015 Jun;26(6):1110-8. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdv134. Epub 2015 Mar 3.
- BACKGROUND: Comprehensive molecular profiling led to the recognition of multiple prostate cancer (PCa) molecular subtypes and driving alterations, but translating these findings to clinical practice is challenging.PATIENTS AND METHODS: We developed a formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue co
- PMID 25735316
- Active cell mechanics: Measurement and theory.
- Ahmed WW1, Fodor É2, Betz T3.
- Biochimica et biophysica acta.Biochim Biophys Acta.2015 May 27. pii: S0167-4889(15)00176-7. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.05.022. [Epub ahead of print]
- Living cells are active mechanical systems that are able to generate forces. Their structure and shape are primarily determined by biopolymer filaments and molecular motors that form the cytoskeleton. Active force generation requires constant consumption of energy to maintain the nonequilibrium acti
- PMID 26025677
Japanese Journal
- A Revised Clinical Assessment of Motor and Memory Disturbances
- UEMURA Kenichi
- Neurologia medico-chirurgica = 神経外科 50(9), 707-712, 2010-09-15
- … Among the pyramidal tract signs, muscle weakness alone is related to involvement of the corticospinal fibers of Betz cell origin while hyperreflexia and spasticity is related to involvement of the reticulospinal fibers running medial to the corticospinal fibers in the spinal cord. …
- NAID 10030692906
- Transplantation of Human Marrow Stromal Cells and Mono-Nuclear Bone Marrow Cells Into the Injured Spinal Cord : A Comparative Study
- SAMDANI Amer F.,PAUL Courtney,BETZ Randal R.,FISCHER Itzhak
- Spine 34(24), 2605-2612, 2009-11-15
- NAID 10027249509
- IFN-γ expression in CD8^+ T cells regulated by IL-6 signal is involved in superantigen-mediated CD4^+ T Cell death
- ATSUMI Toru,SATO Masae,KAMIMURA Daisuke,MOROI Arisa,IWAKURA Yoichiro,BETZ Ulrich A. K.,YOSHIMURA Akihiko,NISHIHARA Mika,HIRANO Toshio,MURAKAMI Masaaki
- International immunology 21(1), 73-80, 2009-01-01
- NAID 10025383990
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- Betz cell
- 同
- 巨大錐体細胞 giant pyramidal cell、Betz細胞
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細胞
[★]
ベリリウム beryllium