Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/11/12 12:22:40」(JST)

wiki en

Nortriptyline is a second-generation tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) marketed as the hydrochloride salt under the trade names Sensoval, Aventyl, Pamelor, Norpress, Allegron, Noritren and Nortrilen. It is used in the treatment of major depression and childhood nocturnal enuresis (bedwetting). Its off-label uses include treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome^{[citation needed]}, chronic pain and migraine, and labile affect in some neurological disorders.

Medical uses

Nortriptyline is USFDA-approved for the treatment of major depression. In the United Kingdom, it may also be used for treating nocturnal enuresis, with courses of treatment lasting no more than three months. It is also used off-label for the treatment of panic disorder, irritable bowel syndrome, migraine prophylaxis and chronic pain or neuralgia modification, particularly temporomandibular joint disorder.^[1] It can also aid in quitting smoking, with one study showing a six-month abstinence rate of 14% for subjects receiving nortriptyline compared to 3% for subjects not undergoing pharmacological treatment.^[2] A controlled study suggests it reduces symptoms of ADHD.^[3]^[4]

Neuropathic pain

Although not approved by the FDA for neuropathic pain, many randomized controlled trials have demonstrated the efficacy of tricyclic antidepressants for the treatment of this condition in both depressed and non-depressed individuals. Recently, an evidence-based guideline sponsored by the International Association for the Study of Pain recommends nortriptyline as a first-line medication for neuropathic pain.^[5]

Side effects

The most common side effects include dry mouth, sedation, constipation, and increased appetite, mild blurred vision, tinnitus, often euphoria and mania.^{[citation needed]} An occasional side effect is a rapid or irregular heartbeat. Alcohol may exacerbate some of its side effects.

However, fewer and milder side effects occur with nortriptyline than tertiary tricyclic antidepressants such as imipramine and amitriptyline. For this reason nortriptyline is preferred to other tricyclic antidepressants, particularly with older adults, which also improves compliance.

A study with men has found that treatment with nortriptyline is associated with higher risk of suicidal ideation compared to escitalopram.^[6]

Warnings

Closer monitoring is required for those with a history of cardiovascular disease, stroke, glaucoma, or seizures, as well as in persons with hyperthyroidism or receiving thyroid hormones.

Excessive consumption of alcohol in combination with nortriptyline therapy may have a potentiating effect, which may lead to the danger of increased suicidal attempts or overdosage, especially in patients with histories of emotional disturbances or suicidal ideation.

Contraindications

Nortriptyline should not be used in the acute recovery phase after myocardial infarction (viz, heart attack). Unlike the TCAs clomipramine and imipramine, concurrent use of nortriptyline with MAO inhibitors is safe within recommended dosage ranges.^{[medical citation needed]}

Overdose

The symptoms and the treatment of an overdose are generally the same as for the other tricyclic antidepressants, including serotonin syndrome and adverse cardiac effects. Because tricyclic antidepressants have a relatively narrow therapeutic index, the likelihood of serious overdose (both accidental and intentional) is fairly high. A nortriptyline overdose is considered a medical emergency and frequently results in death.

Pharmacogenetics

Nortriptyline is metabolized in the liver by the hepatic enzyme CYP2D6, and genetic variations within the gene coding for this enzyme can affect its metabolism, leading to changes in the concentrations of the drug in the body.^[7] Increased concentrations of nortriptyline may increase the risk for side effects, including anticholinergic and nervous system adverse effects, while decreased concentrations may reduce the drug's efficacy.^[8]^[9]^[10]

Individuals can be categorized into different types of CYP2D6 metabolizers depending on which genetic variations they carry. These metabolizer types include poor, intermediate, extensive, and ultrarapid metabolizers. Most individuals (about 77-92%) are extensive metabolizers,^[10] and have "normal" metabolism of nortriptyline. Poor and intermediate metabolizers have reduced metabolism of the drug as compared to extensive metabolizers; patients with these metabolizer types may have an increased probability of experiencing side effects. Ultrarapid metabolizers use nortriptyline much faster than extensive metabolizers; patients with this metabolizer type may have a greater chance of experiencing pharmacological failure.^[8]^[9]^[10]

The Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium recommends avoiding nortriptyline in persons who are CYP2D6 ultrarapid or poor metabolizers, due to the risk for a lack of efficacy and side effects, respectively. A reduction in starting dose is recommended for patients who are CYP2D6 intermediate metabolizers. If use of nortriptyline is warranted, therapeutic drug monitoring is recommended to guide dose adjustments.^[10] The Dutch Pharmacogenetics Working Group recommends reducing the dose of nortriptyline in CYP2D6 poor or intermediate metabolizers, and selecting an alternative drug or increasing the dose in ultrarapid metabolizers.^[11]

Pharmacology

50mg (left) and 25mg generic Nortriptyline HCL capsules made by Teva Pharmaceutical Industries

Nortriptyline is an active metabolite of amitriptyline by demethylation in the liver. Its pharmacologic profile is as follows:^[12]^[13]

Receptor/Transporter Protein	Binding Affinity (K_i[nM])	Receptor location and species
SERT	16.5	Human, cloned
NET	4.37	Human, cloned
DAT	3100	Human, cloned
5-HT_1A	294	Human, brain
5-HT_2A	5	Rat, cloned
5-HT_2C	8.5	Rat, cloned
5-HT₆	148	Rat, cloned
α₁	55	Human, brain
α₂	2030	Human, brain
β	>10000	Mammalian, brain
M₁	40	Human, cloned
M₂	110	Human, cloned
M₃	50	Human, cloned
M₄	84	Human, cloned
M₅	97	Human, cloned
D₂	2570	Human, brain
H₁	15.1	Human, cloned
Sigma receptor	2000	Guinea pig, brain

These effects account for some therapeutic actions as well as for most side effects such as sedation, hypotension, anticholinergic effects, etc.^{[clarification needed]} Nortriptyline may also have a sleep-improving effect due to its affinity for 5HT_2A and histaminergic receptors.^[14] In the short term; however, nortriptyline may disturb sleep due to its activating effect.

Like other tricyclic antidepressants, nortriptyline also blocks sodium channels, possibly accounting in part for its analgesic action.^{[medical citation needed]}

In one study of long-term efficacy, nortriptyline showed a higher relapse rate in comparison with phenelzine in individuals being treated for depression, possibly due to the metabolite 10-hydroxynortriptyline being produced.^[15] The authors of a review noted that the nortriptyline group had more episodes prior to treatment.^[15]

References

^ Sweetman SC, ed. (2002). Martindale. The complete drug reference (33 ed.). Pharmaceutical Press. ISBN 0-85369-499-0.
^ Prochazka AV, Weaver MJ, Keller RT, Fryer GE, Licari PA, Lofaso D (Oct 1998). "A randomized trial of nortriptyline for smoking cessation". Archives of Internal Medicine. 158 (18): 2035–9. doi:10.1001/archinte.158.18.2035. PMID 9778204.
^ Wilens TE, Biederman J, Geist DE, Steingard R, Spencer T (Mar 1993). "Nortriptyline in the treatment of ADHD: a chart review of 58 cases". Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 32 (2): 343–9. doi:10.1097/00004583-199303000-00015. PMID 8444763.
^ Prince JB, Wilens TE, Biederman J, Spencer TJ, Millstein R, Polisner DA, Bostic JQ (2000). "A controlled study of nortriptyline in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder". Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 10 (3): 193–204. doi:10.1089/10445460050167304. PMID 11052409.
^ Dworkin RH, O'Connor AB, Audette J, Baron R, Gourlay GK, Haanpää ML, Kent JL, Krane EJ, Lebel AA, Levy RM, Mackey SC, Mayer J, Miaskowski C, Raja SN, Rice AS, Schmader KE, Stacey B, Stanos S, Treede RD, Turk DC, Walco GA, Wells CD (Mar 2010). "Recommendations for the pharmacological management of neuropathic pain: an overview and literature update". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 85 (3 Suppl): S3–14. doi:10.4065/mcp.2009.0649. PMC 2844007. PMID 20194146.
^ Perroud N, Uher R, Marusic A, Rietschel M, Mors O, Henigsberg N, Hauser J, Maier W, Souery D, Placentino A, Szczepankiewicz A, Jorgensen L, Strohmaier J, Zobel A, Giovannini C, Elkin A, Gunasinghe C, Gray J, Campbell D, Gupta B, Farmer AE, McGuffin P, Aitchison KJ (2009). "Suicidal ideation during treatment of depression with escitalopram and nortriptyline in genome-based therapeutic drugs for depression (GENDEP): a clinical trial". BMC Medicine. 7: 60. doi:10.1186/1741-7015-7-60. PMC 2768737. PMID 19832967.
^ Rudorfer MV, Potter WZ (Jun 1999). "Metabolism of tricyclic antidepressants". Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology. 19 (3): 373–409. PMID 10319193.
^ ^a ^b Stingl JC, Brockmöller J, Viviani R (Mar 2013). "Genetic variability of drug-metabolizing enzymes: the dual impact on psychiatric therapy and regulation of brain function". Molecular Psychiatry. 18 (3): 273–87. doi:10.1038/mp.2012.42. PMID 22565785.
^ ^a ^b Kirchheiner J, Seeringer A (Mar 2007). "Clinical implications of pharmacogenetics of cytochrome P450 drug metabolizing enzymes". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 1770 (3): 489–94. doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2006.09.019. PMID 17113714.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Hicks JK, Swen JJ, Thorn CF, Sangkuhl K, Kharasch ED, Ellingrod VL, Skaar TC, Müller DJ, Gaedigk A, Stingl JC (May 2013). "Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium guideline for CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 genotypes and dosing of tricyclic antidepressants". Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 93 (5): 402–8. doi:10.1038/clpt.2013.2. PMC 3689226. PMID 23486447.
^ Swen JJ, Nijenhuis M, de Boer A, Grandia L, Maitland-van der Zee AH, Mulder H, Rongen GA, van Schaik RH, Schalekamp T, Touw DJ, van der Weide J, Wilffert B, Deneer VH, Guchelaar HJ (May 2011). "Pharmacogenetics: from bench to byte--an update of guidelines". Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 89 (5): 662–73. doi:10.1038/clpt.2011.34. PMID 21412232.
^ National Institute of Mental Health. PDSD Ki Database (Internet) [cited 2013 Oct 3]. Chapel Hill (NC): University of North Carolina. 1998-2013. Available from: http://pdsp.med.unc.edu/pdsp.php
^ Brunton L, Chabner B, Knollman B. Goodman and Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, Twelfth Edition. McGraw Hill Professional; 2010.
^ Thase ME (2006). "Depression and sleep: pathophysiology and treatment". Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience. 8 (2): 217–26. PMC 3181772. PMID 16889107.
^ ^a ^b Kennedy SH (Mar 1997). "Continuation and maintenance treatments in major depression: the neglected role of monoamine oxidase inhibitors". Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience. 22 (2): 127–31. PMC 1188835. PMID 9074307.

External links

Internet Mental Health - Nortriptyline
Drugs.com - Nortriptyline

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 三環系抗うつ剤および四環系抗うつ剤：薬理学、投与、および副作用 tricyclic and tetracyclic drugs pharmacology administration and side effects
2. 成人における緊張型頭痛：予防的治療 tension type headache in adults preventive treatment
3. 糖尿病性神経障害の治療 treatment of diabetic neuropathy
4. 小児への授乳による抗うつ薬およびベンゾジアゼピン曝露の安全性 safety of infant exposure to antidepressants and benzodiazepines through breastfeeding
5. 成人における片頭痛の予防的治療 preventive treatment of migraine in adults

English Journal

Health-care interventions to promote and assist tobacco cessation: a review of efficacy, effectiveness and affordability for use in national guideline development.

West R1, Raw M2, McNeill A3, Stead L4, Aveyard P5, Bitton J6, Stapleton J7, McRobbie H8, Pokhrel S9, Lester-George A10, Borland R11.
Addiction (Abingdon, England).Addiction.2015 Sep;110(9):1388-403. doi: 10.1111/add.12998.
AIMS: This paper provides a concise review of the efficacy, effectiveness and affordability of health-care interventions to promote and assist tobacco cessation, in order to inform national guideline development and assist countries in planning their provision of tobacco cessation support.METHODS: C
PMID 26031929

Neurotrophic factors in depression in response to treatment.

Buttenschøn HN1, Foldager L2, Elfving B3, Poulsen PH3, Uher R4, Mors O5.
Journal of affective disorders.J Affect Disord.2015 Sep 1;183:287-94. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.05.027. Epub 2015 May 21.
BACKGROUND: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF) have been suggested to play a role in the pathophysiology of depression. The neurotrophic model of depression hypothesises that the serum level of e.g. BDNF is decreased during depression and increas
PMID 26047306

Nortriptyline induces mitochondria and death receptor-mediated apoptosis in bladder cancer cells and inhibits bladder tumor growth in vivo.

Yuan SY1, Cheng CL2, Ho HC2, Wang SS2, Chiu KY2, Su CK2, Ou YC3, Lin CC4.
European journal of pharmacology.Eur J Pharmacol.2015 Aug 15;761:309-20. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.06.007. Epub 2015 Jun 15.
Nortriptyline (NTP), an antidepressant, has antitumor effects on some human cancer cells, but its effect on human bladder cancer cells is not known. In this study, we used a cell viability assay to demonstrate that NTP is cytotoxic to human TCCSUP and mouse MBT-2 bladder cancer cells in a concentrat
PMID 26086857

Related Pictures

Aventyl Oral Capsule 10Mg Drug Medication Dosage Information Buy Generic Nortriptyline (Nortriptyline Hydrochloride) In South Africa Online Aventyl Oral Capsule 25Mg Drug Medication Dosage Information Pharmaceutical Products Trademarks and Brands - Starting with A Zoloft 25 mg for anxiety : Sevrage prozac avis Aventyl Oral Capsule 10Mg Drug Medication Dosage Information What you need to know about Pamelor (nortriptyline, aventyl) | PsyCom.net

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「ノルトリプチリン」

「ノルトリプチリン」

Nortriptyline
Systematic (IUPAC) name
	3-(10,11-Dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)-N-methyl-1-propanamine
Clinical data
Trade names	Aventyl
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
MedlinePlus	a682620
Pregnancy; category	AU: C; ;
Routes of; administration	Oral
Legal status
Legal status	AU: S4 (Prescription only); US: ℞-only;
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	High
Metabolism	Hepatic
Biological half-life	16 and 90 hours
Excretion	Renal
Identifiers
CAS Number	72-69-5 ; 894-71-3 (hydrochloride)
ATC code	N06AA10 (WHO)
PubChem	CID 4543
IUPHAR/BPS	2404
DrugBank	DB00540
ChemSpider	4384
UNII	BL03SY4LXB
KEGG	D08288
ChEBI	CHEBI:7640
ChEMBL	CHEMBL445
Chemical data
Formula	C19H21N
Molar mass	263.38 g/mol
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image
	SMILES c3cc2c(/C(c1c(cccc1)CC2)=C/CCNC)cc3 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C19H21N/c1-20-14-6-11-19-17-9-4-2-7-15(17)12-13-16-8-3-5-10-18(16)19/h2-5,7-11,20H,6,12-14H2,1H3 ; Key:PHVGLTMQBUFIQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
(verify)

　　[★]

英: nortriptyline
化: 塩酸ノルトリプチリン nortriptyline hydrochloride
商: ノリトレン、Aventyl, Pamelor
関: 抗うつ薬

[Martindale2002-Sweetman-1] Sweetman SC, ed. (2002). Martindale. The complete drug reference (33 ed.). Pharmaceutical Press. ISBN 0-85369-499-0.

[Arch_Intern_Med1998-prochazka-2] Prochazka AV, Weaver MJ, Keller RT, Fryer GE, Licari PA, Lofaso D (Oct 1998). "A randomized trial of nortriptyline for smoking cessation". Archives of Internal Medicine. 158 (18): 2035–9. doi:10.1001/archinte.158.18.2035. PMID 9778204.

[3] Wilens TE, Biederman J, Geist DE, Steingard R, Spencer T (Mar 1993). "Nortriptyline in the treatment of ADHD: a chart review of 58 cases". Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 32 (2): 343–9. doi:10.1097/00004583-199303000-00015. PMID 8444763.

[4] Prince JB, Wilens TE, Biederman J, Spencer TJ, Millstein R, Polisner DA, Bostic JQ (2000). "A controlled study of nortriptyline in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder". Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 10 (3): 193–204. doi:10.1089/10445460050167304. PMID 11052409.

[5] Dworkin RH, O'Connor AB, Audette J, Baron R, Gourlay GK, Haanpää ML, Kent JL, Krane EJ, Lebel AA, Levy RM, Mackey SC, Mayer J, Miaskowski C, Raja SN, Rice AS, Schmader KE, Stacey B, Stanos S, Treede RD, Turk DC, Walco GA, Wells CD (Mar 2010). "Recommendations for the pharmacological management of neuropathic pain: an overview and literature update". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 85 (3 Suppl): S3–14. doi:10.4065/mcp.2009.0649. PMC 2844007. PMID 20194146.

[6] Perroud N, Uher R, Marusic A, Rietschel M, Mors O, Henigsberg N, Hauser J, Maier W, Souery D, Placentino A, Szczepankiewicz A, Jorgensen L, Strohmaier J, Zobel A, Giovannini C, Elkin A, Gunasinghe C, Gray J, Campbell D, Gupta B, Farmer AE, McGuffin P, Aitchison KJ (2009). "Suicidal ideation during treatment of depression with escitalopram and nortriptyline in genome-based therapeutic drugs for depression (GENDEP): a clinical trial". BMC Medicine. 7: 60. doi:10.1186/1741-7015-7-60. PMC 2768737. PMID 19832967.

[pmid10319193-7] Rudorfer MV, Potter WZ (Jun 1999). "Metabolism of tricyclic antidepressants". Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology. 19 (3): 373–409. PMID 10319193.

[pmid_22565785-8] Stingl JC, Brockmöller J, Viviani R (Mar 2013). "Genetic variability of drug-metabolizing enzymes: the dual impact on psychiatric therapy and regulation of brain function". Molecular Psychiatry. 18 (3): 273–87. doi:10.1038/mp.2012.42. PMID 22565785.

[pmid_17113714-9] Kirchheiner J, Seeringer A (Mar 2007). "Clinical implications of pharmacogenetics of cytochrome P450 drug metabolizing enzymes". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 1770 (3): 489–94. doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2006.09.019. PMID 17113714.

[pmid23486447-10] Hicks JK, Swen JJ, Thorn CF, Sangkuhl K, Kharasch ED, Ellingrod VL, Skaar TC, Müller DJ, Gaedigk A, Stingl JC (May 2013). "Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium guideline for CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 genotypes and dosing of tricyclic antidepressants". Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 93 (5): 402–8. doi:10.1038/clpt.2013.2. PMC 3689226. PMID 23486447.

[pmid21412232-11] Swen JJ, Nijenhuis M, de Boer A, Grandia L, Maitland-van der Zee AH, Mulder H, Rongen GA, van Schaik RH, Schalekamp T, Touw DJ, van der Weide J, Wilffert B, Deneer VH, Guchelaar HJ (May 2011). "Pharmacogenetics: from bench to byte--an update of guidelines". Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 89 (5): 662–73. doi:10.1038/clpt.2011.34. PMID 21412232.

[PDSP-12] National Institute of Mental Health. PDSD Ki Database (Internet) [cited 2013 Oct 3]. Chapel Hill (NC): University of North Carolina. 1998-2013. Available from: http://pdsp.med.unc.edu/pdsp.php

[GG-13] Brunton L, Chabner B, Knollman B. Goodman and Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, Twelfth Edition. McGraw Hill Professional; 2010.

[Dialogues_Clin_Neurosci-Thase-14] Thase ME (2006). "Depression and sleep: pathophysiology and treatment". Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience. 8 (2): 217–26. PMC 3181772. PMID 16889107.

[pmid9074307-15] Kennedy SH (Mar 1997). "Continuation and maintenance treatments in major depression: the neglected role of monoamine oxidase inhibitors". Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience. 22 (2): 127–31. PMC 1188835. PMID 9074307.

v t e Neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia pharmacotherapies

Monoaminergics	SNRIs (e.g., duloxetine, milnacipran) TCAs (e.g., amitriptyline, nortriptyline, dosulepin) Tapentadol Tramadol

Ion channel blockers	Anticonvulsants (e.g., gabapentin, pregabalin, carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, lacosamide, lamotrigine) Local anesthetics (e.g., lidocaine) Mexiletine TCAs (e.g., amitriptyline, nortriptyline, desipramine) Ziconotide

Others	Alpha lipoic acid Benfotiamine Botulinum toxin A Bupropion Cannabinoids (e.g., cannabis, dronabinol, nabilone) NMDAR antagonists (e.g., ketamine, dextromethorphan, methadone) Opioids (e.g., hydrocodone, morphine, oxycodone, methadone, buprenorphine, tramadol, tapentadol) Sodium oxybate (GHB)

v t e Tricyclics

Classes	Acridine Anthracene Dibenzazepine Dibenzocycloheptene Dibenzodiazepine Dibenzothiazepine Dibenzothiepin Dibenzoxazepine Dibenzoxepin Phenothiazine Pyridazinobenzoxazine Pyridinobenzodiazepine Thioxanthene

Antidepressants (TCAs and TeCAs)	7-OH-Amoxapine Amezepine Amineptine Amitriptyline Amitriptylinoxide Amoxapine Aptazapine Azepindole Azipramine Batelapine Butriptyline Cianopramine Ciclazindol Ciclopramine Cidoxepin Clomipramine Cotriptyline Cyanodothiepin Demexiptiline Depramine/Balipramine Desipramine Dibenzepin Dimetacrine Dosulepin/Dothiepin Doxepin Enprazepine Esmirtazapine Fantridone Fluotracen Hepzidine Homopipramol Imipramine Imipraminoxide Intriptyline Iprindole Ketipramine Litracen Lofepramine Losindole Loxapine Maprotiline Mariptiline Mazindol Melitracen Metapramine Mezepine Mianserin Mirtazapine Monometacrine Naranol Nitroxazepine Nortriptyline Noxiptiline Octriptyline Opipramol Oxaprotiline Pipofezine Pirandamine Propizepine Protriptyline Quinupramine Setiptiline/Teciptiline Spiroxepin Tandamine Tampramine Tianeptine Tienopramine Trimipramine

Antihistamines	Azatadine Clobenzepam Cyproheptadine Dacemazine Deptropine Desloratadine Epinastine Etymemazine Fenethazine Hydroxyethylpromethazine Isopromethazine Isothipendyl Ketotifen Latrepirdine Loratadine Mebhydrolin Mequitazine Methdilazine Olopatadine Oxomemazine Phenindamine Pimethixene Promethazine Propiomazine Rupatadine Thiazinamium

Antipsychotics	Acetophenazine Alimemazine Amoxapine Asenapine Butaclamol Butaperazine Carfenazine (carphenazine) Carpipramine Chlorpromazine Chlorprothixene Ciclindole Citatepine Clocapramine Clomacran Clorotepine Clotiapine Clozapine Cyanothepin Doclothepin Docloxythepin Erizepine Flucindole Flumezapine Fluotracen Flupentixol Fluphenazine Gevotroline Homopipramol Isofloxythepin Levomepromazine/Methotrimeprazine Loxapine Maroxepin Meperathiepin Mesoridazine Metiapine Metitepine Metoxepin Mosapramine Naranol Octomethothepin Olanzapine Oxyclothepin Oxyprothepin Pentiapine Peradithiepin Perathiepin Perazine Perphenazine Periciazine Pinoxepin Piperacetazine Pipotiazine Piquindone Prochlorperazine Promazine Prothipendyl Quetiapine Savoxepin/Cipazoxapine Sulforidazine Tenilapine Thiethylperazine Thiopropazate Thioridazine Thiothixene Tilozepine Traboxopine Trifluoperazine Triflupromazine Trifluthepin Zotepine Zuclopenthixol

Anticonvulsants	Carbamazepine Dizocilpine Eslicarbazepine Eslicarbazepine acetate Etazepine Licarbazepine Oxcarbazepine Oxitriptyline Rispenzepine

Others	Adosopine Aminopromazine Atiprosin Beloxepin Carvedilol Cidoxepin Cyclobenzaprine Damotepine Darenzepine Elanzepine Methylene blue Monatepil Nuvenzepine Oxetorone Perlapine P7C3 Pinadoline Pirenzepine Pirolate Pitrazepin Pizotifen Profenamine Serazapine Siltenzepine Telenzepine Tipindole Tropatepine Zolenzepine

匿名

検索

案内

案内

Aventyl