Aristolochiaceae

ウマノスズクサ科 　

WordNet

1. family of birthworts (including wild ginger) (同)family Aristolochiaceae, birthwort family

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/11/13 05:18:26」(JST)

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Aristolochiaceae
California Pipevine (Aristolochia californica)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Magnoliids
Order:	Piperales
Family:	Aristolochiaceae Juss.
Subfamilies
Aristolochioideae Asaroideae Hydnoroideae Lactoridoideae
Synonyms
Asaraceae Vent. Sarumaceae Nakai, nom. nud.

The Aristolochiaceae (English /əˌrɪstəˈloʊkiəsii/) are a family, the birthwort family, of flowering plants with seven genera and about 400 known species belonging to the order Piperales. The type genus is Aristolochia L.

Description

They are mostly perennial, herbaceous plants, shrubs, or lianas. The membranous, cordate simple leaves are spread out, growing alternately along the stem on leaf stalks. The margins are commonly entire. No stipules are present. The bizarre flowers are large to medium-sized, growing in the leaf axils. They are bilaterally or radially symmetrical.

Classification

Aristolochiaceae are magnoliids, a basal group of angiosperms which are not part of the large categories of monocots or eudicots. As of APG IV APG IV (2016), the former families Hydnoraceae and Lactoridaceae are included, because exclusion would make Aristolochiaceae in the traditional sense paraphyletic.

Some newer classification schemes, such as the update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, place the family Aristolochiaceae in the order Piperales, but it is still quite common, though superseded, for the Aristolochiaceae to be assigned, sometimes with some other families, their own order (Aristolochiales).

Phytochemistry

Many members of Aristolochia and some of Asarum contain the toxin aristolochic acid, which discourages herbivores and is known to be carcinogenic in rats. Aristolochia species are carcinogenic to humans.

Ecology

Pipevine swallowtail butterflies lay their eggs on pipevine (Aristolochia species), and the larvae feed on the plant, but are not affected by the toxin, which then offers the adult butterfly protection against predators.

Classification

Subfamily Asaroideae Asarum L. – wild ginger (including Hexastylis Raf. – little brown jug) Saruma Oliv.

Subfamily Hydnoroideae (formerly Hydnoraceae) Hydnora Thunb. Prosopanche de Bary

Subfamily Lactoridoideae (formerly Lactoridaceae) Lactoris Phil.

Subfamily Aristolochioideae Aristolochia L. – pipevine (including Asiphonia Griff. and Pararistolochia Hutch. & Dalziel) Thottea Rottb.

References

External links

• International Agency for Research on Cancer evaluation
• Dietary Supplements: Aristolochic Acid, U.S. Food and Drug Administration alerts
• Health Canada advising not to use products labelled to contain Aristolochia

English Journal

• Comparative investigation of the mutagenicity of propenylic and allylic asarone isomers in the Ames fluctuation assay.

• Berg K1, Bischoff R1, Stegmüller S1, Cartus A1, Schrenk D2.
• Mutagenesis.Mutagenesis.2016 Feb 19. pii: gew007. [Epub ahead of print]
• α-, β- and γ-asarone are naturally occurring phenylpropenes that occur in different plant families, mainly in Aristolochiaceae, Acoraceae and Lauraceae. Plants containing asarones are used as flavouring ingredients in alcoholic beverages (bitters), traditional phytomedicines and the rhizome of e.
• PMID 26895844

• Differentiation between two "fang ji" herbal medicines, Stephania tetrandra and the nephrotoxic Aristolochia fangchi, using hyperspectral imaging.

• Tankeu S1, Vermaak I2, Chen W1, Sandasi M1, Viljoen A3.
• Phytochemistry.Phytochemistry.2016 Feb;122:213-22. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.11.008. Epub 2015 Nov 26.
• Stephania tetrandra ("hang fang ji") and Aristolochia fangchi ("guang fang ji") are two different plant species used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Both are commonly referred to as "fang ji" and S. tetrandra is mistakenly substituted and adulterated with the nephrotoxic A. fangchi as they ha
• PMID 26632529

• Prediction and Characterisation of the System Effects of Aristolochic Acid: A Novel Joint Network Analysis towards Therapeutic and Toxicological Mechanisms.

• Nie W1, Lv Y2,3, Yan L1, Chen X2,3,4, Lv H1,5.
• Scientific reports.Sci Rep.2015 Dec 1;5:17646. doi: 10.1038/srep17646.
• Aristolochic acid (AA) is the major active component of medicinal plants from the Aristolochiaceae family of flowering plants widely utilized for medicinal purposes. However, the molecular mechanisms of AA systems effects remain poorly understood. Here, we employed a joint network analysis that comb
• PMID 26620132

Japanese Journal

• 日本におけるオオバウマノスズクサとタンザワウマノスズクサ(ウマノスズクサ科)の形態的変異

• 大井・東馬 哲雄,渡邉・東馬 加奈,邑田 裕子 [他]
• 植物研究雑誌 89(3), 152-163, 2014-06
• NAID 40020137466

• sesamin、asarinin (episesamin)の光学純度測定法の確立と細辛sesaminに光学異性体混在の証明

• 松本 恵実,牧岡 富広,山本 諭志 [他],柳瀬 笑子,中塚 進一
• 日本食品化学学会誌 21(1), 37-41, 2014-04-25
• … Maekawa (Aristolochiaceae)] is a traditional medicine. …
• NAID 110009810363

• 奄美大島と属島におけるカンアオイ類の分布

• 前田 芳之
• 日本生物地理学会会報 67, 103-115, 2012-12-20
• NAID 40019568995

Related Links

• Aristolochiaceae - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Sarumaceae Nakai, nom. nud. The Aristolochiaceae, or the Birthwort family, are a family of flowering plants with 7 genera and about 400 species belonging to the order Piperales. The type genus is Aristolochia L. Contents. 1 Description; 2 ...

• Angiosperm families - Aristolochiaceae Juss.

Description of Aristolochiaceae Juss., generated from a DELTA database.

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