出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2019/11/21 15:51:39」(JST)
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リュウゼツラン科 | |||||||||||||||
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アオノリュウゼツラン(Agave americana)
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分類 | |||||||||||||||
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属 | |||||||||||||||
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リュウゼツラン科(リュウゼツランか、Agavaceae)は単子葉植物に属する科で、木本または大型の常緑多年草からなる。リュウゼツラン、ユッカ、ドラセナなどを含む。古くはユリ科(子房上位のユッカ、ドラセナなど)とヒガンバナ科(子房下位のリュウゼツランなど)に分けられていたが、その他の形態的類似性を重視して1つにまとめられた。おおむね下記の属をリュウゼツラン科としている。しかし科をさらに細かくDoryanthaceae、Dracaenaceae(リュウケツジュ科)、Phormiaceae、Asteliaceae、Nolinaceae(トックリラン科)などに細分する意見もある。APG植物分類体系では、ユリ科とともに分類が再編成されている(新しい分類参照)。
熱帯・亜熱帯の主に乾燥地帯に分布し、日本には自生しない。リュウゼツランなどの多肉植物もあり、また葉が硬く乾燥に強いものも多い。庭木や観葉植物などとして栽培されるものが多い。花は円錐花序を作る。経済的に重要なものとしては、繊維を採るサイザルアサ(リュウゼツラン属)、マオランや、樹液をテキーラの原料とするリュウゼツランなどがある。
(狭義のリュウゼツラン科)
(Doryanthaceae)
(Dracaenaceae)
(Phormiaceae)
(Asteliaceae)
(Nolinaceae)
ユッカ(イトラン)
Yucca filamentosa
ドラセナ(シマセンネンボク)
Dracaena fragrans
チトセラン(サンセベリア)
Sansevieria trifasciata
トックリラン
Nolina recurvata
下が膨れて徳利のような形になる
新しいAPG植物分類体系では、リュウゼツラン科を従来のユリ科とともに以下のように再編成している:
また
APG植物分類体系第3版(APG III)では、キジカクシ科に含めている。
ウィキメディア・コモンズには、リュウゼツラン科に関連するカテゴリがあります。 |
この項目は、植物に関連した書きかけの項目です。この項目を加筆・訂正などしてくださる協力者を求めています(プロジェクト:植物/Portal:植物)。 |
Agavoideae | |
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Agave nickelsiae | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Monocots |
Order: | Asparagales |
Family: | Asparagaceae |
Subfamily: | Agavoideae Herb |
Type genus | |
Agave L.
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Genera | |
See text |
Agavoideae is a subfamily of monocot flowering plants in the family Asparagaceae, order Asparagales. It has previously been treated as a separate family, Agavaceae.[1] The group includes many well-known desert and dry-zone types, such as the agave, yucca, and Joshua tree. About 640 species are placed in around 23 genera;[2] they are widespread in the tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate regions of the world.
Species may be succulent or not. In general, Agavoideae leaves occur as rosettes at the end of a woody stem, which may range from extremely short to tree-like heights, as in the Joshua tree. The leaves are parallel-veined, and usually appear long and pointed, often with a hardened spine on the end, and sometimes with additional spines along the margins.
Agave species are used to make tequila, pulque, and mezcal, while others are valued for their fibers. They are quite popular for xeriscaping, as many have showy flowers.
The taxonomy of the group has varied widely. In the APG III system of 2009, adopted here, the Agavoideae are defined very broadly to include the former family Agavaceae along with other formerly separate families such as Anemarrhenaceae, Chlorogalaceae, Hostaceae, Yuccaceae, Anthericaceae, Hesperocallidaceae, and Chlorogalaceae, based on data from molecular systematics.[3] Stevens comments that "The broad concept of Agavoideae [...] may not seem very satisfactory" but that none of the alternatives is better.[2] Sources prior to 2009 will still have Agavaceae (in varying circumscriptions) as a separate family and may contain varying numbers of other families included in the Agavoideae in the APG III system.
Some genera formerly placed in this group (under whatever name) have been separated off; e.g. Dracaena, which superficially resembles some species of Agave, is currently placed in the subfamily Nolinoideae.[1]
A partial list of the genera included in the Agavoideae is given below. The reference is to the source that places the genus in this subfamily. As noted above, the genera currently included here have varied widely in their limits and assignment to families and subfamilies; some former family placements other than Agavaceae are found in the literature are given below.[2][4]
Genus | Former family placement(s) outside Agavaceae/Agavoideae |
Agave L. [1] | |
Anemarrhena Bunge [1] | Anemarrhenaceae |
Anthericum L. [1] | Anthericaceae |
Behnia Didr. [1] | Behniaceae, Philesiaceae |
Beschorneria Kunth [1] | |
Camassia Lindl. [1] | Chlorogalaceae, Hyacinthaceae |
Chlorogalum (Lindl.) Kunth [1] | Chlorogalaceae, Hyacinthaceae |
Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. [1] | Anthericaceae |
Clara Kunth | Herreriaceae |
Diamena Ravenna [5] | |
Diora Ravenna [5] | Anthericaceae |
Echeandia Ortega [1] | Anthericaceae |
Eremocrinum M.E.Jones [2] | |
Furcraea Vent. [2] | |
Hagenbachia Nees & Mart. [5] | |
Hastingsia S.Watson [1] | Chlorogalaceae, Hyacinthaceae |
Herreria Ruiz & Pav. [1] | Herreriaceae |
Herreriopsis H.Perrier [1] | Herreriaceae |
Hesperaloe Engelm. in S.Watson [5] | |
Hesperocallis A.Gray [1] | Hesperocallidaceae, Hyacinthaceae |
Hesperoyucca (Engelm.) Trel. [5] (included in Yucca by some sources) |
Yuccaceae |
Hosta Tratt. [1] | Hostaceae |
Leucocrinum Nutt. ex A.Gray [1] | Anthericaceae |
Manfreda Salisb. [2] (included in Agave by some sources) |
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Paradisea Mazzuc. [1] | Asphodelaceae |
Polianthes L. [2] (included in Agave by some sources) |
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Prochnyanthes S.Watson [5] | |
Schoenolirion Durand [1] | Chlorogalaceae, Hyacinthaceae |
Yucca L. [1] (including Samuela) |
Yuccaceae |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Agavoideae. |
Wikispecies has information related to Agavoideae |
Taxon identifiers |
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