関: palmar plate

WordNet

coat with a layer of metal; "plate spoons with silver"
the quantity contained in a plate (同)plateful
a shallow receptacle for collection in church (同)collection plate
a flat sheet of metal or glass on which a photographic image can be recorded (同)photographic plate
a metal sheathing of uniform thickness (such as the shield attached to an artillery piece to protect the gunners) (同)scale, shell
a full-page illustration (usually on slick paper)
a sheet of metal or wood or glass or plastic
dish on which food is served or from which food is eaten
structural member consisting of a horizontal beam that provides bearing and anchorage
the positively charged electrode in a vacuum tube
a rigid layer of the Earths crust that is believed to drift slowly (同)crustal plate
a main course served on a plate; "a vegetable plate"; "the blue plate special"
any flat platelike body structure or part
the thin under portion of the forequarter
a thin coating of metal deposited on a surface (同)metal_plating
the application of a thin coat of metal (as by electrolysis)
make a plat of; "Plat the town" (同)plot
a map showing planned or actual features of an area (streets and building lots etc.)

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈C〉(通例各人用の丸い)『平皿』 / 〈C〉(料理の)『1皿』[『分』]《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉料理の1人前 / 〈C〉(教会などの)献金皿 / 〈U〉《集合的に》(スプーン・皿など)金(銀)製の食器類 / 〈C〉(金属・ガラス・プラスチックなどの)平板,板金 / 〈C〉(金属・木などの)標札,ナンバープレート / 〈C〉金属(石,木)版画;(本文と別刷りの)図版 / 〈C〉(印刷方法の)電気版,ステロ版 / 〈C〉(写真の)感光板 / 〈C〉《the~》(野球の)本塁(home plate) / (…を)…‘に'めっきする《+『名』+『with』+『名』》 / (保護のために)…‘を'板金で覆う / (印刷で)…‘を'電気版(ステロ版)にする
(金・銀などの)めっき / (船・乗物などの鋼鉄板の)被復,装甲
小さな地面(地所) / (土地などの)図面,地図
編んだもの, 弁髪; 組みひも・= plait

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/06/26 05:54:44」(JST)

wiki en

In the human hand, palmar or volar plates (also referred to as palmar or volar ligaments)^[1] are found in the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and interphalangeal (IP) joints where they reinforce the joint capsules, enhance joint stability, and limit hyperextension. The plates of the MCP and IP joints are structurally and functionally similar, except that in the MCP joints they are interconnected by a deep transverse ligament. In the MCP joints, they also indirectly provide stability to the longitudinal palmar arches of the hand. ^[2]^[3] The volar plate of the thumb MCP joint has a transverse longitudinal rectangular shape, shorter than those in the fingers. ^[4]

Structure

This fibrocartilaginous structure is attached to the base of the proximal phalanx distal to the joint. From there, it forms a palmar continuation of the articular surface of the phalanx bone and its inner surface thus adds to the articular surface during extension. ^[2]

In its proximal end, the volar plate becomes membranous and blends with the volar capsule which is attached to the head of the metacarpal bone. During flexion, the plate glides proximally down the volar surface of the metacarpal head. Its flexible attachment to the phalanx bone not only prevents it from restricting joint movements, but also prevents the long flexor tendons from being pinched in the joint. ^[2] Flexion of the proximal phalanx is facilitated by the shape of the proximal edge, known as the volar recess,^[5] but this diaphanous end of the volar plate is also the part of the metacarpophalangeal joint that is most susceptible to injury during dislocations.^[6]

Due to its fibrocartilaginous composition, the plate is thus able to (1) resist tensile stresses while (2) restricting hyperextension and compression and (3) protecting the volar articular surface. ^[2]

Function

The palmar plate moves in three phases during joint flexion. First, it slides back toward the hand. Next, it is lifted away from the proximal phalanx by the A3 pulley. Last, a lip on the middle phalanx rolls into a recess on the plate. If the A3 pulley is not intact, the normal three phases of motion do not occur and instead the plate crumples.^[7]

Metacarpophalangeal joints

In the MCP joints, the four volar plates of the fingers and the capsules within which they lie are blended with and interconnected by the deep transverse metacarpal ligament which ties the metacarpal heads together. Dorsal to this ligament on each side of the metacarpal heads are sagittal bands that connect the volar plates to the tendon of the extensor digitorum and to the extensor expansion. These bands help stabilise the volar plates over the metacarpal heads. ^[2]

In contrast to the volar plates of the MCP joints of the fingers, the volar plate of the thumb MCP joint is a thick structure firmly attached to the base of the proximal phalanx. It forms the bottom of a two-sided box, the sides of which are made up of the collateral ligaments. ^[8]

Additional images

Metacarpophalangeal articulation and articulations of digit. Volar aspect.

Metacarpophalangeal articulation and articulations of digit. Ulnar aspect.

Notes

^ In older literature they are also known as the glenoid ligaments of Cruveilhier or vaginal ligaments.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Austin 2005, pp. 321–22 (MCP joints)
^ Austin 2005, p. 324 (IP joints)
^ Schmidt & Lanz 2003, p. 111
^ Berger & Weiss 2004, p. 175
^ Gammons 2008, Functional Anatomy
^ Saito, S.; Suzuki, Y. (2011). "Biomechanics of the Volar Plate of the Proximal Interphalangeal Joint: A Dynamic Ultrasonographic Study". The Journal of Hand Surgery 36 (2): 265–271. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2010.10.034. PMID 21276889. edit
^ Doyle & Botte 2003, pp. 540–41

References

Austin, Noelle M. (2005). "Chapter 9: The Wrist and Hand Complex". In Levangie, Pamela K.; Norkin, Cynthia C. Joint Structure and Function: A Comprehensive Analysis (4th ed.). Philadelphia: F. A. Davis Company. ISBN 0-8036-1191-9.
Berger, Richard A.; Weiss, Arnold-Peter C. (2004). Hand Surgery. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 978-0-7817-2874-4.
Doyle, James R.; Botte, Michael J. (2003). Surgical anatomy of the hand and upper extremity. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 0-397-51725-4.
Gammons, Matthew (2008). "Metacarpophalangeal Joint Dislocation". eMedicine. Retrieved November 2010.
Schmidt, Hans-Martin; Lanz, Ulrich (2003). Surgical Anatomy of the Hand. Thieme. p. 111. ISBN 1-58890-007-X.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 中節骨骨折 middle phalanx fractures
2. 手指の解剖学 finger and thumb anatomy
3. 遠位指節間関節の屈筋腱の損傷（ジャージー指） flexor tendon injury of the distal interphalangeal joint jersey finger
4. 指脱臼の整復 digit dislocation reduction
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English Journal

Severe laceration of flexor tendons after locking palmar plate fixation of distal radius fracture: a case report.

Nagura I, Kokubu T, Mifune Y, Nishida K, Akisue T, Kuroda R, Kurosaka M.SourceDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe Rosai Hospital, 4-1-23 Kagoike-dori, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 651-0053, Japan.
The Kobe journal of medical sciences.Kobe J Med Sci.2012 Nov 8;58(3):E82-5.
We report a case of flexor pollicis longus and flexor digitorum profundus(II) laceration as a result of the severe tenosynovitis after volar locking plate fixation of distal radius fracture.
PMID 23143473

More is not necessarily better. A biomechanical study on distal screw numbers in volar locking distal radius plates.

Drobetz H, Weninger P, Grant C, Heal C, Muller R, Schuetz M, Pham M, Steck R.SourceDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery and James Cook University School of Medicine, Mackay Base Hospital, Queensland, Australia. Electronic address: drobo@aon.at.
Injury.Injury.2012 Nov 2. pii: S0020-1383(12)00461-5. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2012.10.012. [Epub ahead of print]
INTRODUCTION: Currently available volar locking plates for the treatment of distal radius fractures incorporate at least two distal screw rows for fixation of the metaphyseal fragment and have a variable-angle locking mechanism which allows placement of the screws in various directions There is, how
PMID 23127726