WordNet

any material that fills a space or container; "there was not enough fill for the trench" (同)fill
flow into something (as a container)
(dentistry) a dental appliance consisting of any of various substances (as metal or plastic) inserted into a prepared cavity in a tooth; "when he yawned I could see the gold fillings in his teeth"; "an informal British term for `filling is `stopping"
the act of filling something
a food mixture used to fill pastry or sandwiches etc.
of or relating to a ventricle (of the heart or brain)

PrepTutorEJDIC

(歯の)詰め物,充填材 / 詰め物をした食物(パイ,サンドイッチなど)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/07/07 08:05:17」(JST)

wiki en

Heart during ventricular diastole.

Diastole /daɪˈæstəliː/ is the period of time when the heart refills with blood after systole (contraction). Ventricular diastole is the period during which the ventricles are relaxing, while atrial diastole is the period during which the atria are relaxing. The term diastole originates from the Greek word διαστολη, meaning dilation.^[1]

Inside the heart[edit]

Wiggers diagram, showing various events during diastole (duration marked at bottom).

During ventricular diastole, the pressure in the (left and right) ventricles drops from the peak that it reaches in systole. When the pressure in the left ventricle drops to below the pressure in the left atrium, the mitral valve opens, causing accumulated blood from the atrium to flow into the ventricle.

This is not a suction mechanism. Instead, the heart is refilled by the momentum of the blood still flowing from the previous systolic cycle. As the left and right atria contract during systole, the blood pressure in each atrium increases, forcing additional blood into the ventricles. This is known as atrial kick and it "hoists" the ventricular myocardium over the mass of blood contained within the chamber. 80% of the blood flows passively down to the ventricles, so the atria do not have to contract a great amount.^[2]

The ventricular filling velocity or flow into the ventricles have two main components; First an early (E) diastolic one caused by accumulation of blood in the atria during previous systole, and second, a late one created by atrial contraction (A). The E/A ratio can be used as a diagnostic measure, since it is reduced in diastolic dysfunction.^[3]

Atria and ventricles undergo diastole at the same time.

Inside the arteries[edit]

The adjective "diastolic" is used to refer to filling of the heart with blood between muscle contractions. It is used to describe the opposite portion of the cardiac cycle related to contraction. More typically it is used as one component of measurement of blood pressure. "Diastolic pressure" refers to the lowest pressure within the arterial blood stream occurring during each heart beat. The other component of blood pressure is systolic pressure, which refers to the highest arterial pressure during each heart beat.

Clinical notation[edit]

When blood pressure is stated for medical purposes, it is usually written as a seeming "ratio" of systolic to diastolic pressure; for example: 120/80 mmHg. This is not intended to be read as a ratio and for the vast majority of purposes cannot be legitimately read as a ratio. It is not a display of a numerator over a denominator but rather a medical notation used for quickly showing the two clinically significant pressures involved and cannot be reduced into lower terms.

References[edit]

^ Diastole. Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. 24 August 2008.
^ Advanced Biology for You - Gareth Williams
^ Abdul Latif Mohamed, Jun Yong, Jamil Masiyati, Lee Lim, Sze Chec Tee. The Prevalence Of Diastolic Dysfunction In Patients With Hypertension Referred For Echocardiographic Assessment of Left Ventricular Function. Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences, Vol. 11, No. 1, January 2004, pp. 66-74

External links[edit]

Diastole at eMedicine Dictionary

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 拡張期心不全の病態生理 pathophysiology of diastolic heart failure
2. 左室拡張機能の心エコー評価 echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function
3. 心不全の病態生理：左心室の圧-容積関係 pathophysiology of heart failure left ventricular pressure volume relationships
4. 心筋症の定義および分類 definition and classification of the cardiomyopathies
5. 肥大型心筋症における心室性不整脈および突然の心停止 ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac arrest in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

English Journal

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: an ongoing enigma.

Rose-Jones LJ, Rommel JJ, Chang PP.Author information Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 160 Dental Circle, 6th Floor Burnett-Womack Building, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7075, USA.AbstractHeart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a complex clinical syndrome based on traditional heart failure symptoms with documentation of increased left ventricular filling pressures and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. The exact mechanisms that induce HFpEF are not known. End-diastolic ventricular stiffness does not seem to be acting alone. Substantial mortality exists compared with healthy age-matched controls, as well as significant health care expenditures on hospitalizations and readmissions. This article reviews the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Current practice guidelines focus on remedying volume overload, aggressively controlling hypertension, and treatment of comorbid conditions that contribute to decompensation.
Cardiology clinics.Cardiol Clin.2014 Feb;32(1):151-61, ix-x. doi: 10.1016/j.ccl.2013.09.006.
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a complex clinical syndrome based on traditional heart failure symptoms with documentation of increased left ventricular filling pressures and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. The exact mechanisms that induce HFpEF are not known.
PMID 24286586

Left atrial deformation parameters in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a 2D speckle tracking imaging study.

Kocabay G, Karabay CY, Colak Y, Oduncu V, Kalayci A, Akgun T, Guler A, Kirma C.Author information *Cardiology Department, Kartal Kosuyolu Heart and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.AbstractThe presence of the metabolic syndrome is a strong predictor for the presence of NASH (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis) in patients with NAFLD (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease). In the present study, we assessed LA (left atrial) deformation parameters in patients with NAFLD using 2D-STE (speckle tracking echocardiography) and to investigate if any changes exist between subgroups of the NAFLD. A total of 55 NAFLD patients and 21 healthy controls were included in the study. The diagnosis of NAFLD was based on liver biopsy. After patients were categorized into groups according to histopathological analysis (simple steatosis, borderline NASH, definitive NASH), all patients underwent echocardiography with Doppler examination. In the 2D-STE analysis of the left atrium, LA-Res (peak LA strain during ventricular systole), LA-Pump (peak LA strain during atrial systole), LA-SR(S) (peak LA strain rate during ventricular systole), LA-SR(E) (peak LA strain rate during early diastole) and LA-SR(A) (peak LA strain rate during atrial systole) were obtained. LA-Res, LA-Pump and LA-SR(A) were lower in the NAFLD group than in the control group. LA-Res was found to be significantly lower in NAFLD subgroups compared with healthy subjects (43.9±14.2 in healthy controls compared with 31.4±8.3 with simple steatosis, 32.8±12.8 with borderline NASH and 33.8±9.0 with definitive NASH). LA-Pump was significantly lower in the NAFLD group (18.2±3.1 in healthy controls compared with 13.3±4.7 with borderline NASH and 14.4±4.7 with definitive NASH). There were significant differences in LA-SR(A) between healthy controls compared with simple steatosis and borderline NASH (-1.56±0.36 compared with 1.14±0.38 and 1.24±0.32 respectively). Correlation analysis showed significant correlation of LA-Res values with E (early diastolic peak velocity)/E(m) (early diastolic mitral annular velocity) ratio (r=-0.50, P≤0.001), with LAVI (LA volume index; r=-0.45, P≤0.001) and with V(p) (propagation velocity; r=0.39, P≤0.001). 2D-STE-based LA deformation parameters are impaired in patients with NAFLD with normal systolic function. Although LA-Res and pump function parameters might be useful in estimating LV (left ventricular) filling pressure in the NAFLD patient group, it could not be used for differentiating the subgroups.
Clinical science (London, England : 1979).Clin Sci (Lond).2014 Feb;126(4):297-304. doi: 10.1042/CS20130298.
The presence of the metabolic syndrome is a strong predictor for the presence of NASH (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis) in patients with NAFLD (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease). In the present study, we assessed LA (left atrial) deformation parameters in patients with NAFLD using 2D-STE (speckle tra
PMID 23947743