WordNet
- a pattern of symptoms indicative of some disease
- a complex of concurrent things; "every word has a syndrome of meanings"
- duct through which urine is discharged in most mammals and which serves as the male genital duct
- of or relating to the urethra
PrepTutorEJDIC
- (疾患の徴候となる一群の)症徴候,症候群 / (事件・社会的状態などのパターンを示す)徴候形態
- 尿道
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/02/16 15:45:46」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
| Urethral syndrome |
| Classification and external resources |
| Specialty |
urology |
| ICD-10 |
N34.3 |
| ICD-9-CM |
597.81 |
| eMedicine |
med/3081 |
| Patient UK |
Urethral syndrome |
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[edit on Wikidata]
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Urethral syndrome is characterised by a set of symptoms typically associated with lower urinary tract infection, such as painful urination (dysuria) and frequency. It is a diagnosis of exclusion, made when there is no significant presence of bacteriuria with a conventional pathogen[1] ruling out urinary tract infection, and when cystoscopy shows no inflammation of the bladder, ruling out interstitial cystitis and cystitis cystica. In women, vaginitus should also be ruled out.[2]
Contents
- 1 Causes
- 2 Treatment
- 3 See also
- 4 References
- 5 External links
Causes
Signs indicative of urethral syndrome include a history of chronic recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI) in the absence of both conventional bacterial growth and pyuria (more than 5 white blood cells per High Power Field).[2] Episodes are often related to sexual intercourse.
Some physicians believe that urethral syndrome may be due to a low grade infection of the Skene's glands on the sides and bottom of the urethra.[citation needed] The Skene's glands are embryologically related to the prostate gland in the male, thus urethral syndrome may share a comparable etiology with chronic prostatitis.[citation needed]
Possible non-infective causes include hormonal imbalance,[2][3] trauma, allergies, anatomical features such as diverticula, and post-surgical scarring and adhesions.[1]
Treatment
In a small minority of cases of urethral syndrome, treatment with antibiotics is effective, which indicates that in some cases it may be caused by bacterial infection which does not show up in either urinalysis or urine culture.[2] For chronic urethral syndrome, a long term, low-dose antibiotic treatment is given on a continuous basis or after intercourse each time if intercourse appears to trigger symptoms.[citation needed]
As low oestrogen[2] may also be considered a source for urethral syndrome, hormone replacement therapy, and oral contraceptive pill (birth-control pills) containing oestrogen are also used to treat the symptoms of this condition in women.[3]
See also
- Interstitial cystitis
- Prostatitis
References
- ^ a b Hamilton-Miller JM (May 1994). "The urethral syndrome and its management". J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 33. Suppl A: 63–73. doi:10.1093/jac/33.suppl_A.63. PMID 7928838.
- ^ a b c d e Brumfitt W, Hamilton-Miller JM, Gillespie WA (July 1991). "The mysterious "urethral syndrome"". BMJ 303 (6793): 1–2. doi:10.1136/bmj.303.6793.1. PMC 1670265. PMID 1859947.
- ^ a b Terris, Martha K. "Urethral Syndrome". eMedicine. Retrieved 2008-09-25.
External links
- patient.info
- medicine.med.nyu.edu
- Nfmcpa
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Diseases of the urinary system (N00–N39, 580–599)
|
|
| Kidney disease |
| Glomerules |
Primarily
nephrotic |
| Non-proliferative |
- Minimal change
- Focal segmental
- Membranous
|
|
| Proliferative |
- Mesangial proliferative
- Endocapillary proliferative
- Membranoproliferative/mesangiocapillary
|
|
| By condition |
|
|
|
Primarily
nephritic,
RPG |
| Type I RPG/Type II hypersensitivity |
|
|
| Type II RPG/Type III hypersensitivity |
- Post-streptococcal
- Lupus
- IgA/Berger's
|
|
| Type III RPG/Pauci-immune |
- Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
- Microscopic polyangiitis
- Churg–Strauss syndrome
|
|
|
| General |
- glomerulonephritis
- glomerulonephrosis
|
|
|
| Tubules |
- Renal tubular acidosis
- Acute tubular necrosis
- Genetic
- Fanconi syndrome
- Bartter syndrome
- Gitelman syndrome
- Liddle's syndrome
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|
| Interstitium |
- Interstitial nephritis
- Pyelonephritis
- Danubian endemic familial nephropathy
|
|
| General |
| General syndromes |
- Nephritis
- Nephrosis)
- Renal failure
- Acute renal failure
- Chronic kidney disease
- Uremic pericarditis
- Uremia
- Diabetes insipidus
- Renal papilla
- Major calyx/pelvis
- Hydronephrosis
- Pyonephrosis
- Reflux nephropathy
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|
| Vascular |
- Renal artery stenosis
- Renal ischemia
- Hypertensive nephropathy
- Renovascular hypertension
- Renal cortical necrosis
|
|
| Other |
- Analgesic nephropathy
- Renal osteodystrophy
- Nephroptosis
- Abderhalden–Kaufmann–Lignac syndrome
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|
|
|
| Urinary tract |
| Ureter |
- Ureteritis
- Ureterocele
- Megaureter
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|
| Bladder |
- Cystitis
- Interstitial cystitis
- Hunner's ulcer
- Trigonitis
- Hemorrhagic cystitis
- Neurogenic bladder dysfunction
- Bladder sphincter dyssynergia
- Vesicointestinal fistula
- Vesicoureteral reflux
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|
| Urethra |
- Urethritis
- Non-gonococcal urethritis
- Urethral syndrome
- Urethral stricture/Meatal stenosis
- Urethral caruncle
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| Any/all |
- Obstructive uropathy
- Urinary tract infection
- Retroperitoneal fibrosis
- Urolithiasis
- Bladder stone
- Kidney stone
- Renal colic
- Malakoplakia
- Urinary incontinence
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|
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- [Treatment of detrusor-striated sphincter dyssynergia with permanent nitinol urethral stent: Results after a minimum follow-up of 2years].
- Polguer T, Boissier R, Gaillet S, Lenne Aurier K, Savoie PH, Lechevallier E, Coulange C, Karsenty G.SourceService d'urologie, hôpital Gabriel-Montpied, université d'Auvergne, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, 58, rue Montalemberg, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Progrès en urologie : journal de l'Association française d'urologie et de la Société française d'urologie.Prog Urol.2012 Dec;22(17):1058-63. doi: 10.1016/j.purol.2012.09.010. Epub 2012 Oct 23.
- OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the outcomes of nitinol permanent urethral stents used in detrusor-striated sphincter dyssynergia (DSD) treatment on male patients with a spinal cord injury.MATERIALS: We investigated retrospectively all patients treated from 2004 to 2012. A total of
- PMID 23182120
- Photoselective vaporization with the green light laser vs transurethral resection of the prostate for treating benign prostate hyperplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
- Teng J, Zhang D, Li Y, Yin L, Wang K, Cui X, Xu D.SourceDepartment of Urology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China; Department of Urology, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing Military Region, Beijing, China.
- BJU international.BJU Int.2012 Nov 13. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11395.x. [Epub ahead of print]
- WHAT'S KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT AND WHAT DOES THE STUDY ADD : Despite high morbidities, TURP is still considered as the 'gold standard' for treatment of BPH. Photoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP) is a promising technique that is emerging as a possible alternative to TURP. However, there rem
- PMID 23145474
Japanese Journal
- Polled Intersex Syndrome with Urethral Atresia in a Goat
- YOKOTA Shinichi,MATSUU Aya,MORITA Takehito,TSUKA Takeshi,HISHINUMA Mitsugu,MINAMI Saburo,HIKASA Yoshiaki
- Journal of Veterinary Medical Science advpub(0), 1105280530, 2011
- … The goat was homozygous for a DNA deletion responsible for the Polled Intersex Syndrome (PIS). … goat with urethral atresia. …
- NAID 130000868198
- CIIPS(Chronic Idiopathic Intestinal Pseudo-obstruction Syndrome)3例における排尿機能障害
- 西澤 秀治,山本 知子,百瀬 芳隆,好澤 克,町田 水穂,芳澤 淳一,高見澤 滋,井川 靖彦,市野 みどり
- 日本小児外科学会雑誌 45(4), 739-743, 2009-06-20
- … (chronic idiopathic intestinal pseudo-obstruction syndrome)は腸蠕動運動の低下により機瀧的腸閉塞をきたす稀な疾患であり,膀胱機能障害を伴うことも指摘されている.当院で経験した3例の下部尿路機能障害についての臨床像をまとめた.症例は9歳女児,6歳男児,1歳4か月男児である.3例ともに消化管に関しては複数回の開腹手術,腸切除の既往があるものの,現在は経口摂取で管理されている.生検や切除腸管には組織学的異常は認めな …
- NAID 110007383181
Related Links
- Urethral syndrome is defined as symptoms suggestive of a lower urinary tract infection but in the absence of significant bacteruria with a conventional pathogen. There are other non-infective causes that should be considered such as trauma, ...
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