WordNet

any of a large variety of proteins normally present in the body or produced in response to an antigen which it neutralizes, thus producing an immune response
not expected or anticipated; "unexpected guests"; "unexpected news"

PrepTutorEJDIC

抗体,免疫体,抗毒素
『予期しない』,思いがけない

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1. 免疫グロブリンの機能および臨床応用 function and clinical applications of immunoglobulins
2. SIDSを含む乳児の予期せぬ死亡：初期マネージメント sudden unexpected infant death including sids initial management
3. 抗GBM抗体（グッドパスチャー）病の病因および診断 pathogenesis and diagnosis of anti gbm antibody goodpastures disease
4. Evaluation and treatment of antibody-mediated lung transplant rejection
5. 予防接種に対する免疫応答の評価 assessing the immunologic response to vaccination

English Journal

Investigation of LKB1 Ser431 phosphorylation and Cys433 farnesylation using mouse knockin analysis reveals an unexpected role of prenylation in regulating AMPK activity.

Houde VP, Ritorto MS, Gourlay R, Varghese J, Davies P, Shpiro N, Sakamoto K, Alessi DR.Author information *MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K.AbstractThe LKB1 tumour suppressor protein kinase functions to activate two isoforms of AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) and 12 members of the AMPK-related family of protein kinases. The highly conserved C-terminal residues of LKB1 are phosphorylated (Ser431) by PKA (cAMP-dependent protein kinase) and RSK (ribosomal S6 kinase) and farnesylated (Cys433) within a CAAX motif. To better define the role that these post-translational modifications play, we created homozygous LKB1S431A/S431A and LKB1C433S/C433S knockin mice. These animals were viable, fertile and displayed no overt phenotypes. Employing a farnesylation-specific monoclonal antibody that we generated, we established by immunoprecipitation that the vast majority, if not all, of the endogenous LKB1 is prenylated. Levels of LKB1 localized at the membrane of the liver of LKB1C433S/C433S mice and their fibroblasts were reduced substantially compared with the wild-type mice, confirming that farnesylation plays a role in mediating membrane association. Although AMPK was activated normally in the LKB1S431A/S431A animals, we unexpectedly observed in all of the examined tissues and cells taken from LKB1C433S/C433S mice that the basal, as well as that induced by the AMP-mimetic AICAR (5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside), AMPK activation, phenformin and muscle contraction were significantly blunted. This resulted in a reduced ability of AICAR to inhibit lipid synthesis in primary hepatocytes isolated from LKB1C433S/C433S mice. The activity of several of the AMPK-related kinases analysed [BRSK1 (BR serine/threonine kinase 1), BRSK2, NUAK1 (NUAK family, SNF1-like kinase 1), SIK3 (salt-inducible kinase 3) and MARK4 (MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 4)] was not affected in tissues derived from LKB1S431A/S431A or LKB1C433S/C433S mice. Our observations reveal for the first time that farnesylation of LKB1 is required for the activation of AMPK. Previous reports have indicated that a pool of AMPK is localized at the plasma membrane as a result of myristoylation of its regulatory AMPKβ subunit. This raises the possibility that LKB1 farnesylation and myristoylation of AMPKβ might promote the interaction and co-localization of these enzymes on a two-dimensional membrane surface and thereby promote efficient activation of AMPK.
The Biochemical journal.Biochem J.2014 Feb 15;458(1):41-56. doi: 10.1042/BJ20131324.
The LKB1 tumour suppressor protein kinase functions to activate two isoforms of AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) and 12 members of the AMPK-related family of protein kinases. The highly conserved C-terminal residues of LKB1 are phosphorylated (Ser431) by PKA (cAMP-dependent protein kinase) and RS
PMID 24295069

Birthdating of myenteric neuron subtypes in the small intestine of the mouse.

Bergner AJ, Stamp LA, Gonsalvez DG, Allison MB, Olson DP, Myers MG Jr, Anderson CR, Young HM.Author information Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.AbstractThere are many different types of enteric neurons. Previous studies have identified the time at which some enteric neuron subtypes are born (exit the cell cycle) in the mouse, but the birthdates of some major enteric neuron subtypes are still incompletely characterized or unknown. We combined 5-ethynynl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) labeling with antibody markers that identify myenteric neuron subtypes to determine when neuron subtypes are born in the mouse small intestine. We found that different neurochemical classes of enteric neuron differed in their birthdates; serotonin neurons were born first with peak cell cycle exit at E11.5, followed by neurofilament-M neurons, calcitonin gene-related peptide neurons (peak cell cycle exit for both at embryonic day [E]12.5-E13.5), tyrosine hydroxylase neurons (E15.5), nitric oxide synthase 1 (NOS1) neurons (E15.5), and calretinin neurons (postnatal day [P]0). The vast majority of myenteric neurons had exited the cell cycle by P10. We did not observe any EdU+/NOS1+ myenteric neurons in the small intestine of adult mice following EdU injection at E10.5 or E11.5, which was unexpected, as previous studies have shown that NOS1 neurons are present in E11.5 mice. Studies using the proliferation marker Ki67 revealed that very few NOS1 neurons in the E11.5 and E12.5 gut were proliferating. However, Cre-lox-based genetic fate-mapping revealed a small subpopulation of myenteric neurons that appears to express NOS1 only transiently. Together, our results confirm a relationship between enteric neuron subtype and birthdate, and suggest that some enteric neurons exhibit neurochemical phenotypes during development that are different from their mature phenotype. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:514-527, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Journal of comparative neurology.J Comp Neurol.2014 Feb 15;522(3):514-27. doi: 10.1002/cne.23423.
There are many different types of enteric neurons. Previous studies have identified the time at which some enteric neuron subtypes are born (exit the cell cycle) in the mouse, but the birthdates of some major enteric neuron subtypes are still incompletely characterized or unknown. We combined 5-ethy
PMID 23861145

Increasing prevalence of HDV/HBV infection over 15 years in France.

Servant-Delmas A1, Le Gal F2, Gallian P3, Gordien E2, Laperche S4.Author information 1Laboratoire d'expertise en Virologie, Centre National de Référence des hépatites virales B et C et du VIH en Transfusion, Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France. Electronic address: aservant@ints.fr.2Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène, associé Centre National de Référence des hépatites virales B et C et Delta, Hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny, France.3Etablissement Français du Sang, Direction médicale, Saint Denis, France.4Laboratoire d'expertise en Virologie, Centre National de Référence des hépatites virales B et C et du VIH en Transfusion, Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France.AbstractBACKGROUND: In France, there are no consistent data estimating hepatitis delta virus (HDV) prevalence in the general population.
Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology.J Clin Virol.2014 Feb;59(2):126-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2013.11.016. Epub 2013 Dec 7.
BACKGROUND: In France, there are no consistent data estimating hepatitis delta virus (HDV) prevalence in the general population.OBJECTIVES: To better characterize HDV/HBV infection and its trends over a 15-years period from 1997 to 2011, we used data retrieved from the National Epidemiological Donor
PMID 24365475

Japanese Journal

Trehalose suppresses antibody aggregation during the culture of Chinese hamster ovary cells(CELL AND TISSUE ENGINEERING)

Onitsuka Masayoshi,Tatsuzawa Miki,Asano Ryutaro,Kumagai Izumi,Shirai Akihiro,Maseda Hideaki,Omasa Takeshi
Journal of bioscience and bioengineering 117(5), 632-638, 2014-05
… The aggregation of therapeutic antibodies during the manufacturing process is problematic because of the potential risks posed by the aggregates, such as an unexpected immune response. … In this study, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line producing a diabody-type bispecific antibody were cultured in medium containing trehalose and the aggregation of the secreted proteins during the culture process was analyzed. …
NAID 110009823142

Larval pufferfish protected by maternal tetrodotoxin

Itoi Shiro,Yoshikawa Saori,Asahina Kiyoshi,Suzuki Miwa,Ishizuka Kento,Takimoto Narumi,Mitsuoka Ryoko,Yokoyama Naoto,Detake Ayumi,Takayanagi Chie,Eguchi Miho,Tatsuno Ryohei,Kawane Mitsuo,Kokubo Shota,Takanashi Shihori,Miura Ai,Suitoh Katsuyoshi,Takatani Tomohiro,Arakawa Osamu,Sakakura Yoshitaka,Sugita Haruo
Toxicon 78, 35-40, 2014-02
… Here we demonstrate an additional (and unexpected) use of maternal TTX in the early larval stages of the Takifugu pufferfish. … Immunohistochemical analysis with anti-TTX monoclonal antibody revealed that the TTX is primarily localized in the body surface of the larvae as a layer of protection. …
NAID 120005365973

非流行地にて発見された日本住血吸虫症の1例

森俊文,松本早代,井本佳孝,四宮寛彦,和田哲,友成哲,谷口達哉,北村晋志,六車直樹,高山哲治
肝臓 55(5), 254-258, 2014
症例は21歳，フィリピン人女性．18歳までフィリピンにて生育，以降日本に在住．呼吸困難の精査目的で撮影したCT検査で肝臓内に網目状模様を認め，日本住血吸虫症を疑い血清抗体価を測定したところ高値であった．プラジカンテル40 mg/kg/日を投与し，6カ月後に抗体価は低下した．本邦では，新たな日本住血吸虫症はみられなくなったが，輸入症例や陳旧症例の報告が散見される．非流行地域において特徴的な肝画像所見 …
NAID 130004897342