同: 側頭葉

WordNet

of this earth or world; "temporal joys"; "our temporal existence"
not eternal; "temporal matters of but fleeting moment"- F.D.Roosevelt
of or relating to or limited by time; "temporal processing"; "temporal dimensions"; "temporal and spacial boundaries"; "music is a temporal art"
of or relating to the temples (the sides of the skull behind the orbit); "temporal bone"
(botany) a part into which a leaf is divided
a rounded projection that is part of a larger structure
(anatomy) a somewhat rounded subdivision of a bodily organ or part; "ear lobe"
the enhanced response of an antenna in a given direction as indicated by a loop in its radiation pattern
propel in a high arc; "lob the tennis ball"
an easy return of a tennis ball in a high arc
the act of propelling something (as a ball or shell etc.) in a high arc
having deeply indented margins but with lobes not entirely separate from each other (同)lobate

PrepTutorEJDIC

時の,時間の / この世の,現世の;俗界の / 一時的な,はかない
こめかみの
耳たぶ / (内臓・組織の)葉(よう)(肺葉・肝葉など)
(テニスで)〈ボール〉‘を'ゆるく高く打ち上げる / (クリケットで)〈ボール〉‘を'下手投げでゆるく投げる / (テニスで)ボールをロブで返す / (テニスの)ロブで打った球 / (クリケットの)下手投げの緩い球
(葉が)裂片がある / (体の器官に)葉(よう：lobe)がある / 耳たぶのついた;葉(よう)のある
見よ,そら

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/09/25 19:33:54」(JST)

wiki en

The temporal lobe is one of the four major lobes of the cerebral cortex in the brain of mammals. The temporal lobe is located beneath the lateral fissure on both cerebral hemispheres of the mammalian brain.^[3]

The temporal lobe is involved in processing sensory input into derived meanings for the appropriate retention of visual memories, language comprehension, and emotion association.^[4]^:21

1 Structure
- 1.1 Medial temporal lobe
2 Function
- 2.1 Visual memories
- 2.2 Processing sensory input
- 2.3 Language recognition
- 2.4 New memories
3 Clinical significance
- 3.1 Unilateral temporal lesion
- 3.2 Dominant hemisphere
- 3.3 Non-dominant hemisphere
- 3.4 Bitemporal lesions (additional features)
- 3.5 Damage
- 3.6 Disorders
4 References
5 External links

Structure

Medial temporal lobe

The medial temporal lobe consists of structures that are vital for declarative or long-term memory. Declarative (denotative) or explicit memory is conscious memory divided into semantic memory (facts) and episodic memory (events).^[4]^:194 Medial temporal lobe structures that are critical for long-term memory include the hippocampus, along with the surrounding hippocampal region consisting of the perirhinal, parahippocampal, and entorhinal neocortical regions.^[4]^:196 The hippocampus is critical for memory formation, and the surrounding medial temporal cortex is currently theorized to be critical for memory storage.^[4]^:21 The prefrontal and visual cortices are also involved in explicit memory.^[4]^:21

Research has shown that lesions in the hippocampus of monkeys results in limited impairment of function, whereas extensive lesions that include the hippocampus and the medial temporal cortex result in severe impairment.^[5]

Function

Visual memories

The temporal lobe contains the hippocampus and plays a key role in the formation of explicit long-term memory modulated by the amygdala.^[4]^:349

Processing sensory input

Auditory: Adjacent areas in the superior, posterior, and lateral parts of the temporal lobes are involved in high-level auditory processing.^{[citation needed]} The temporal lobe is involved in primary auditory perception, such as hearing, and holds the primary auditory cortex.^[6] The primary auditory cortex receives sensory information from the ears and secondary areas process the information into meaningful units such as speech and words.^[6] The superior temporal gyrus includes an area (within the lateral fissure) where auditory signals from the cochlea first reach the cerebral cortex and are processed by the primary auditory cortex in the left temporal lobe.^{[citation needed]}

Visual: The areas associated with vision in the temporal lobe interpret the meaning of visual stimuli and establish object recognition.^{[citation needed]} The ventral part of the temporal cortices appear to be involved in high-level visual processing of complex stimuli such as faces (fusiform gyrus) and scenes (parahippocampal gyrus).^{[citation needed]} Anterior parts of this ventral stream for visual processing are involved in object perception and recognition.^[6]

Animation of the human left temporal lobe

Language recognition

The left temporal lobe holds the primary auditory cortex, which is important for the processing of semantics in both speech and vision in humans.^{[citation needed]} Wernicke's area, which spans the region between temporal and parietal lobes, plays a key role (in tandem with Broca's area in the frontal lobe) in speech comprehension.^[7] The functions of the left temporal lobe are not limited to low-level perception but extend to comprehension, naming, and verbal memory.^{[citation needed]}

New memories

The medial temporal lobes (near the sagittal plane) are thought to be involved in encoding declarative long term memory.^[4]^:194–199 The medial temporal lobes include the hippocampi, which are essential for memory storage, therefore damage to this area can result in impairment in new memory formation leading to permanent or temporary anterograde amnesia.^[4]^:194–199

Clinical significance

Unilateral temporal lesion

Contralateral homonymous upper quadrantanopia (sector anopsia)
Complex hallucinations (smell, sound, vision, memory)

Dominant hemisphere

Receptive aphasia
- Wernicke's aphasia
- Anomic aphasia
Dyslexia
Impaired verbal memory
Word agnosia, word deafness

Non-dominant hemisphere

Impaired non-verbal memory
Impaired musical skills
Prosopagnosia

Bitemporal lesions (additional features)

Deafness
Apathy (affective indifference)
Impaired learning and memory
Amnesia, Korsakoff syndrome, Klüver–Bucy syndrome

Damage

Individuals who suffer from medial temporal lobe damage have a difficult time recalling visual stimuli. This neurotransmission deficit is due, not to lacking perception of visual stimuli but, to lacking perception of interpretation.^[8] The most common symptom of inferior temporal lobe damage is visual agnosia, which involves impairment in the identification of familiar objects. Another less common type of inferior temporal lobe damage is prosopagnosia which is an impairment in the recognition of faces and distinction of unique individual facial features.^[9]

Damage specifically to the anterior portion of the left temporal lobe can cause savant syndrome.^[10]

Disorders

Pick's disease, also known as frontotemporal amnesia, is caused by atrophy of the frontotemporal lobe.^[11] Emotional symptoms include mood changes, which the patient may be unaware of, including poor attention span and aggressive behavior towards themselves and/or others. Language symptoms include loss of speech, inability to read and/or write, loss of vocabulary and overall degeneration of motor ability.^[12]

Temporal lobe epilepsy is a chronic neurological condition characterized by recurrent seizures; symptoms include a variety of sensory (visual, auditory, olfactory, and gustation) hallucinations, as well as an inability to process semantic and episodic memories.^[13]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Starr, Philip A.; Barbaro, Nicholas M.; Larson, Paul S. (30 November 2008). Neurosurgical Operative Atlas: Functional Neurosurgery. Thieme. pp. 16, 26. ISBN 9781588903990.
^ Sekhar, Laligam N.; de Oliveira, Evandro (1999). Cranial Microsurgery: Approaches and Techniques. Thieme. p. 432. ISBN 9780865776982.
^ "Temporal Lobe". Langbrain. Rice University. Retrieved 2 January 2011.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Smith; Kosslyn (2007). Cognitive Psychology: Mind and Brain. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. pp. 21, 194–199, 349.
^ Squire, LR; Stark, CE; Clark, RE (2004). "The medial temporal lobe" (PDF). Annual Review of Neuroscience 27: 279–306. doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.27.070203.144130. PMID 15217334.
^ ^a ^b ^c Schacter, Daniel L.; Gilbert, Daniel T.; Wegner, Daniel M. (2010). Psychology (2nd ed.). New York: Worth Publishers. ISBN 9781429237192. ^{[page needed]}
^ Hickok, Gregory; Poeppel, David (May 2007). ""The Cortical Organization of Speech Processing"". Nature (Nature Publishing Group) 8 (5): 393–402. doi:10.1038/nrn2113. PMID 17431404. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
^ Pertzov, Y., Miller, T. D., Gorgoraptis, N., Caine, D., Schott, J. M., Butler, C., & Husain, M. (2013). Binding deficits in memory following medial temporal lobe damage in patients with voltage-gated potassium channel complex antibody-associated limbic encephalitis. Brain: A Journal Of Neurology, 136(8), 2474-2485.
^ Mizuno, T., & Takeda, K. (2009). [The symptomatology of frontal and temporal lobe damages]. Brain And Nerve = Shinkei Kenkyū No Shinpo, 61(11), 1209-1218.
^ Treffert, D. A. (2009). "The savant syndrome: An extraordinary condition. A synopsis: Past, present, future". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 364 (1522): 1351–7. doi:10.1098/rstb.2008.0326. PMC 2677584. PMID 19528017.
^ Takeda, N.; Kishimoto, Y.; Yokota, O. (2012). "Pick's disease". Advances In Experimental Medicine And Biology 724: 300–316. doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-0653-2_23.
^ Yokota, O.; Tsuchiya, K.; Arai, T.; Yagishita, S.; Matsubara, O.; Mochizuki, A.; Akiyama, H. (2009). "Clinicopathological characterization of Pick's disease versus frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitin/TDP-43-positive inclusions". Acta Neuropathologica 117 (4): 429–444. doi:10.1007/s00401-009-0493-4.
^ Lah, S., & Smith, M. (2013). Semantic and Episodic Memory in Children With Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: Do They Relate to Literacy Skills?. Neuropsychology doi:10.1037/neu0000029

External links

The medial temporal lobe memory system
H. M.’s Medial Temporal Lobe Lesion: Findings from Magnetic Resonance Imaging

UpToDate Contents

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1. 局在関連（焦点性）てんかん：原因および臨床的特徴 localization related focal epilepsy causes and clinical features
2. 脳腫瘍の臨床所見および診断 clinical presentation and diagnosis of brain tumors
3. 痙攣発作およびてんかんの病態生理 pathophysiology of seizures and epilepsy
4. 成人におけるてんかんの外科的治療 surgical treatment of epilepsy in adults
5. 成人における間欠性爆発性障害：疫学、臨床的特徴、評価、および診断 intermittent explosive disorder in adults epidemiology clinical features assessment and diagnosis

English Journal

Comparison of personality characteristics on the bear-fedio inventory between patients with epilepsy and those with non-epileptic seizures.

Tremont G, Smith MM, Bauer L, Alosco ML, Davis JD, Blum AS, LaFrance WC Jr.SourceWarren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA. gtremont@lifespan.org
The Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences.J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci.2012 Dec 1;24(1):47-52.
This study used the Bear-Fedio Personality Inventory (BFI) to compare 41 individuals with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and 37 with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (NES). Both groups exhibited similar elevations on the BFI, although TLE individuals show greater endorsement of at least one hypergra
PMID 22450613

Individual differences in trait anxiety are associated with white matter tract integrity in the left temporal lobe in healthy males but not females.

Montag C, Reuter M, Weber B, Markett S, Schoene-Bake JC.SourceDepartment of Psychology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Center for Economics & Neuroscience, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Neuroscience.Neuroscience.2012 Aug 16;217:77-83. Epub 2012 May 17.
The temporal lobe plays a major role in anxiety and depression disorders and is also of importance for trait anxiety in the non-pathological range. The present study investigates self-report data of personality dimensions linked to trait anxiety in the context of white matter tract integrity in the
PMID 22609931

Japanese Journal

Delta-ADC (Apparent diffusion coefficient) analysis in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus

Ohno Naoki,Miyati Tosiaki,Mase Mitsuhito,Osawa Tomoshi
Acta Neurochirurgica, Supplementum 114, 197-200, 2012
… Delta-ADC values in the white matter of the frontal, temporal, and occipital lobe were obtained. …
NAID 120004026117

同時性に脳転移およびVirchowリンパ節転移を認めた上行結腸癌の1例

岡崎充善,須藤隆一郎,金山靖代,野島真治,善甫宣哉
山口医学 60(6), 231-235, 2011-12-31
… Plain computed tomography scan showed an extensive low density area in the left temporal lobe and right frontal lobe. …
NAID 120003958775

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「側頭葉」
拡張検索	「temporal lobe epilepsy」
関連記事	「lobe」「temporal」

「側頭葉」

Temporal lobe
	Frontal lobe Temporal lobe Parietal lobe Occipital; lobe Lobes of the human brain (temporal lobe is shown in green)
	Section of brain showing upper surface of temporal lobe.
Details
Latin	Lobus temporalis
Part of	Brain
Artery	Middle cerebral artery; Posterior cerebral artery
Vein	Superficial middle cerebral vein; Inferior anastomotic vein
Identifiers
Gray's	p.823
MeSH	A08.186.211.730.885.213.863
NeuroNames	hier-107
NeuroLex ID	Temporal Lobe
TA	A14.1.09.136
FMA	61825
	Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy

　　[★]

英: temporal lobe
ラ: lobus temporalis
関: 側頭骨、脳葉

知能に関わる

Henry Gray (1825-1861). Anatomy of the Human Body. 1918.

臨床関連

側頭葉てんかん：単純ヘルペス脳炎など？
一過性脳虚血発作：一過性全健忘　←　後大脳動脈支配
アルツハイマー病：側頭葉海馬の萎縮が早期より出現
ピック病：前頭葉と側頭葉を中心とした萎縮が見られる。

「temporal lobe epilepsy」

　　[★] 側頭葉てんかん TLE

「lobe」

　　[★]

n.

葉、ローブ

関: blade、foliage、foliar、leaf、leaves、lobus、plant leaf、plant leaves

「temporal」

　　[★]

adj.

時間的な、側頭の、耳側の、側頭部の

関: temporally、temporo

[starr08-1] Starr, Philip A.; Barbaro, Nicholas M.; Larson, Paul S. (30 November 2008). Neurosurgical Operative Atlas: Functional Neurosurgery. Thieme. pp. 16, 26. ISBN 9781588903990.

[sekhar99-2] Sekhar, Laligam N.; de Oliveira, Evandro (1999). Cranial Microsurgery: Approaches and Techniques. Thieme. p. 432. ISBN 9780865776982.

[3] "Temporal Lobe". Langbrain. Rice University. Retrieved 2 January 2011.

[smith07-4] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Smith; Kosslyn (2007). Cognitive Psychology: Mind and Brain. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. pp. 21, 194–199, 349.

[5] Squire, LR; Stark, CE; Clark, RE (2004). "The medial temporal lobe" (PDF). Annual Review of Neuroscience 27: 279–306. doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.27.070203.144130. PMID 15217334.

[schacter10-6] Schacter, Daniel L.; Gilbert, Daniel T.; Wegner, Daniel M. (2010). Psychology (2nd ed.). New York: Worth Publishers. ISBN 9781429237192. ^{[page needed]}

[7] Hickok, Gregory; Poeppel, David (May 2007). ""The Cortical Organization of Speech Processing"". Nature (Nature Publishing Group) 8 (5): 393–402. doi:10.1038/nrn2113. PMID 17431404. Retrieved 24 May 2014.

[8] Pertzov, Y., Miller, T. D., Gorgoraptis, N., Caine, D., Schott, J. M., Butler, C., & Husain, M. (2013). Binding deficits in memory following medial temporal lobe damage in patients with voltage-gated potassium channel complex antibody-associated limbic encephalitis. Brain: A Journal Of Neurology, 136(8), 2474-2485.

[9] Mizuno, T., & Takeda, K. (2009). [The symptomatology of frontal and temporal lobe damages]. Brain And Nerve = Shinkei Kenkyū No Shinpo, 61(11), 1209-1218.

[10] Treffert, D. A. (2009). "The savant syndrome: An extraordinary condition. A synopsis: Past, present, future". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 364 (1522): 1351–7. doi:10.1098/rstb.2008.0326. PMC 2677584. PMID 19528017.

[11] Takeda, N.; Kishimoto, Y.; Yokota, O. (2012). "Pick's disease". Advances In Experimental Medicine And Biology 724: 300–316. doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-0653-2_23.

[12] Yokota, O.; Tsuchiya, K.; Arai, T.; Yagishita, S.; Matsubara, O.; Mochizuki, A.; Akiyama, H. (2009). "Clinicopathological characterization of Pick's disease versus frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitin/TDP-43-positive inclusions". Acta Neuropathologica 117 (4): 429–444. doi:10.1007/s00401-009-0493-4.

[13] Lah, S., & Smith, M. (2013). Semantic and Episodic Memory in Children With Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: Do They Relate to Literacy Skills?. Neuropsychology doi:10.1037/neu0000029

匿名

検索

案内

案内

temporal lobe