出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2014/07/20 23:59:36」(JST)
Tartar sauce | |
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Tartar sauce is often served with fried seafood.
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Alternative names
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tartare |
Place of origin
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Europe |
Main ingredients
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mayonnaise, capers, gherkins, lemon juice, and tarragon |
Cookbook:Tartar sauce Tartar sauce |
Tartar sauce (tartare in the UK, New Zealand and Australia) is a mayonnaise-based sauce, typically of a rough consistency. It is often used as a condiment with seafood dishes.[1]
It is based on mayonnaise (egg yolk, mustard or vinegar, oil) with some extra ingredients. In the UK recipes typically add to the base capers, gherkins, lemon juice, and tarragon. US recipes may include chopped pickles or prepared green sweet relish, capers, onions (or chives), and fresh parsley.[1] Chopped hard-boiled eggs or olives are sometimes added, as may be Dijon mustard.[2] The icon of French nouvelle cuisine Paul Bocuse describes sauce tartare explicitly[3] as a sauce remoulade,[4] in which the characterising anchovy purée is to be substituted by some hot Dijon mustard.
The sauce and its name has been found in cookbooks since the 19th century. The name derives from the French sauce tartare, named after the Tatars (French spelling: Tartare) from the Eurasian Steppe, who once occupied Ukraine and parts of Russia. Beyond this, the etymology is unclear.[5]
An idea of what people in the nineteenth century meant by nameing something "tartar" can be found in a recipe of famous Mrs. Beeton in "The Book of Household Management" of 1861, recipe no. 481, "Tartar mustard", made of horseradish vinegar, cayenne and ordinary mustard. On the other hand, in her recipe no. 503, "Remoulade, or French Salad-Dressing", she describes a curious preparation with a familiar ingredient that can hardly be identified with a Remoulade as standardized by Ecsoffier forty years later or as it is considered today. But in a sidenote to the subordinated variation she explains that the tarragon for her recipe of "Green Remoulade" comes originally from Tartary. In the days of Tsarism, the Russian properties in Asia south of Siberia were frequently called Tartary, especially when an exotic undertone was intended. This might be a hint that Sauce Tartare is a descriptive term for a tarragon mayonnaise named after the origin of the so called Russian tarragon, which actually is rarely used for culinary purposes.
In 1903 Auguste Escoffier gave a recipe for Sauce Remoulade (Rec. No. 130[6]) with both mustard and anchovy essence but he used in the rest of the book only the term Sauce Tartare for it. This is still common use in Austria and former Austrian regions like Bohemia, where Sauce Remoulade and Sauce Tartare are synonyms on restaurant's menues. The German dictionary "Langenscheidt, Maxi-Wörterbuch Englisch, 120.000 Phrases of 2002" identifies Tartar(e) Sauce as Remouladensosse.
In the early era of the Haute Cuisine from about 1890 to the outbreak of WW1 in 1914 minced filet of beef was dressed with Sauce Tartare and served raw as Boeuf Tartare or steak tartare[7] with regard to the sauce's name.[8] Between the World Wars, until today, it came into fashion to serve the dish with regard to the raw unprocessed meat just with the unprocessed ingredients of the sauce, from which we learn, what the ingredients of a Sauce Tartare should be.
The popular legend, that the name of the beef dish refers to the ancient Tatars who rode with beef steaks under the saddles of their horses to tenderize it, so that it could be eaten raw, is just a tale to reassure people who are afraid of eating raw meat and raw eggs. Also wrong is the explanation that tartar sauce is named after the beef dish, frequently told by people who believe in the previous legend about the Tatarian riders. The famous Tatarian riders[9] typically never rode in saddles at all.
In fact, the Tatars have nothing to do with the sauce or raw beef steaks. Especially in the Haute Cuisine era, dish names were frequently selected from contemporary, fashionable, public issues to gain attention.
Maybe[10] the reports about the Crimean War of 1853 to 1856 gave the spark for the name idea or some Russian sword swallower and balalaika players were hired by a hotel for the summer season to entertain the guests in the restaurant and an amended mayonnaise named Sauce Tartare was just one item on a Russia themed menu accompanying Moscovian vodka eel and fresh "Baikal trouts" from a local brook.
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