WordNet

of, affecting, or being on or near the surface; "superficial measurements"; "the superficial area of the wall"; "a superficial wound"
of little substance or significance; "a few superficial editorial changes"; "only trivial objections" (同)trivial
concerned with or comprehending only what is apparent or obvious; not deep or penetrating emotionally or intellectually; "superficial similarities"; "a superficial mind"; "his thinking was superficial and fuzzy"; "superficial knowledge"; "the superficial report didnt give the true picture"; "only superficial differences"
an automatic instinctive unlearned reaction to a stimulus (同)reflex response, reflex action, instinctive reflex, innate reflex, inborn reflex, unconditioned_reflex, physiological reaction

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Role of duodenal mucosal nerve endings in the acid-induced duodenogastric sensorimotor reflex: Effect of benzocaine in healthy humans.

Vanuytsel T, Karamanolis G, Vos R, Van Oudenhove L, Farré R, Tack J.SourceTranslational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Neurogastroenterology and motility : the official journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society.Neurogastroenterol Motil.2013 May;25(5):e353-61. doi: 10.1111/nmo.12126. Epub 2013 Apr 9.
BACKGROUND: Duodenal acid exposure induces a duodenogastric reflex resulting in gastric relaxation, inhibition of antral motility, and sensitization of the proximal stomach to distension. Duodenal hypersensitivity to acid has been identified as a potential pathogenic mechanism in functional dyspepsi
PMID 23565580

The Mechanistic Action of Carbon Dioxide on a Neural Circuit and NMJ Communication.

Bierbower SM, Cooper RL.SourceDepartment of Biology and Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.
Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological genetics and physiology.J Exp Zool A Ecol Genet Physiol.2013 Apr 29. doi: 10.1002/jez.1798. [Epub ahead of print]
Previous studies examining behavioral responses to CO2 revealed that high [CO2 ] acts as a natural repellent in a concentration dependent manner for crayfish. Physiologically, CO2 can rapidly block the autonomic responses in heart rate, as well as, inhibit an escape tail flip reflex in crayfish. Her
PMID 23630163

Genome-wide expression analysis of ptf1a- and ascl1-deficient mice reveals new markers for distinct dorsal horn interneuron populations contributing to nociceptive reflex plasticity.

Wildner H, Das Gupta R, Bröhl D, Heppenstall PA, Zeilhofer HU, Birchmeier C.SourceInstitute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland, Department of Neuroscience, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, D-13125 Berlin, Germany, and Mouse Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, I-00015 Monterotondo, Italy.
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.J Neurosci.2013 Apr 24;33(17):7299-307. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0491-13.2013.
Inhibitory interneurons of the spinal dorsal horn play critical roles in the processing of noxious and innocuous sensory information. They form a family of morphologically and functionally diverse neurons that likely fall into distinct subtypes. Traditional classifications rely mainly on differences
PMID 23616538

Central command and muscle metaboreflex effect on superficial venoconstriction in the resting limb

Ooue Anna,Sadamoto Tomoko
The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine 2(3), 337-339, 2013
… Sympathetic activation during exercise is governed by both central command and muscle reflex mechanisms (i.e., muscle metabo- and mechano-reflexes), which modulate arterial vascular responses to exercise. … Therefore, using ultrasound technique, we assessed changes in the cross-sectional area of the superficial vein in the resting limb as an index of venoconstriction during static exercise with and without tendon vibration, and during the post-exercise recovery period with and without muscle ischemia. …
NAID 130003379976

Urinary Retention without Tetraparesis as a Sequel to Spontaneous Spinal Epidural Hematoma

Sakakibara Ryuji,Yamazaki Masashi,Mannouji Chikato,Yamaguchi Chiharu,Uchiyama Tomoyuki,Ito Takashi,Liu Zhi,Yamamoto Tatsuya,Awa Yusuke,Yamanishi Tomonori,Hattori Takamichi
Internal Medicine 47(7), 655-657, 2008
… However, at 5 months after the onset of the disease, the patient remained in a state of urinary retention even though his neurological findings were normal, except for mildly brisk reflexes in the lower extremities and decreased superficial sensation below the level of T4 including the perineal area. …
NAID 130000080070

A Case of Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathy Type II with Retinitis Pigmentosa

Iwanaga Keisuke,Nakao Yoko,Tomita Itsuro,Satoh Akira,Seto Makiko,Tsujihata Mitsuhiro,Ohnishi Akio
Acta medica Nagasakiensia 50(3), 119-121, 2005-09
… On admission, deep tendon reflexes were absent in all limbs. … Superficial sensations were impaired on her legs. …
NAID 110001800283