孤束核
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 『ひとりぼっちの』 / 孤独な,一人でする / 人の訪れのまれな,人里離れた / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》《通例否定・疑問文で》たった一つの,唯一の(single) / 〈C〉独居者,隠者 / 〈U〉《話》=solitary confinement
- nucleusの複数形
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/01/03 21:45:12」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
| Solitary nucleus |
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The cranial nerve nuclei schematically represented; dorsal view. Motor nuclei in red; sensory in blue.
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Transverse section of medulla oblongata of human embryo.
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| Details |
| Identifiers |
| Latin |
Nucleus tractus solitarius medullae oblongatae. |
| MeSH |
A08.186.211.132.810.406.750 |
| NeuroNames |
hier-739 |
| NeuroLex ID |
Solitary nucleus |
| TA |
A14.1.04.230 |
| FMA |
72242 |
| Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy
[edit on Wikidata]
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In the human brain, the solitary nucleus (nucleus of the solitary tract, nucleus solitarius, nucleus tractus solitarius, nucleus tractus solitarii, NTS) is a series of purely sensory nuclei (clusters of nerve cell bodies) forming a vertical column of grey matter embedded in the medulla oblongata. Through the center of the NTS runs the solitary tract, a white bundle of nerve fibers, including fibers from the facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves, that innervate the NTS. The NTS projects to, among other regions, the reticular formation, parasympathetic preganglionic neurons, hypothalamus and thalamus, forming circuits that contribute to autonomic regulation. Cells along the length of the NTS are arranged roughly in accordance with function; for instance, cells involved in taste are located in the higher, more forward ("rostral") part, while those receiving information from cardio-respiratory and gastrointestinal processes are found in the lower, more posterior ("caudal") part.[1][2]
Contents
- 1 Inputs
- 2 Outputs
- 3 Additional images
- 4 See also
- 5 References
- 6 External links
Inputs
- Taste information from the facial nerve (anterior 2/3 of the tongue), glossopharyngeal nerve (posterior 1/3) and vagus nerve (small area on the epiglottis)
- Sensory information from the ear (Auricular branch of the vagus nerve)
- Chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors of the general visceral afferent pathway (GVA) in the carotid body via glossopharyngeal nerve, aortic bodies, and the atrial pacemaker, via the vagus nerve
- Chemically and mechanically sensitive neurons of the general visceral afferent pathway (GVA) with endings located in the heart, lungs, airways, gastrointestinal system, pharynx, and liver via the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves
Neurons that innervate the NTS mediate the gag reflex, the carotid sinus reflex, the aortic reflex, the cough reflex, the baroreceptor and chemoreceptor reflexes, several respiratory reflexes and reflexes within the gastrointestinal system regulating motility and secretion.
Neurons which transmit signals about the gut wall, the stretch of the lungs, and the dryness of mucous membranes also innervate the NTS. The first central neurons within the NTS can participate in simple autonomic reflexes.
Outputs
Information goes from the NTS to a large number of other regions of the brain including the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and the central nucleus of the amygdala, as well as to other nuclei in the brainstem (such as the parabrachial area, the Locus coeruleus, the Dorsal raphe nucleus , and other visceral motor or respiratory networks).[3] The signals projected from the NTS to the parabrachial area originate in the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract. The pathways for gastric and gustatory (taste) processes are believed to terminate in different subdivisions of the parabrachial area, but still interact in the NTS.[4][5] Some neuronal subpopulations in the NTS, such as the noradrenergic A2 neurons and the aldosterone-sensitive HSD2 neurons project as far rostrally as the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis.[6][7]
Additional images
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Section of the medulla oblongata at about the middle of the olive.
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Primary terminal nuclei of the afferent (sensory) cranial nerves schematically represented; lateral view.
See also
References
- ^ Duane E. Haines (2004). Neuroanatomy: An Atlas of Structures, Sections, and Systems. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 186–. ISBN 978-0-7817-4677-9. Retrieved 22 January 2013.
- ^ P. Michael Conn (2008). Neuroscience in Medicine. Springer. p. 264. ISBN 978-1-60327-455-5. Retrieved 22 January 2013.
- ^ Carlson, Neil R. (2010). Physiology of Behavior (10th ed.). Allyn & Bacon. p. 253. ISBN 978-0-205-66627-0.
- ^ Karimnamazi, Hamid; Travers, Susan P; Travers, Joseph B (2002). "Oral and gastric input to the parabrachial nucleus of the rat". Brain Research. 957 (2): 193–206. doi:10.1016/S0006-8993(02)03438-8. PMID 12445962.
- ^ Karimnamazi, Hamid; Travers, Joseph B. (1998). "Differential projections from gustatory responsive regions of the parabrachial nucleus to the medulla and forebrain". Brain Research. 813 (2): 283–302. doi:10.1016/S0006-8993(98)00951-2. PMID 9838165.
- ^ Geerling JC, Loewy AD. Aldosterone-sensitive neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract: efferent projections. J Comp Neurol. 2006 Jul 10;497(2):223-50. PMID 16705681
- ^ Shin JW, Geerling JC, Loewy AD. Inputs to the ventrolateral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. J Comp Neurol. 2008 Dec 10;511(5):628-57. doi: 10.1002/cne.21870. PMID 18853414
External links
- Stained brain slice images which include the "solitary tract" at the BrainMaps project
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Anatomy of the medulla
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| Grey matter |
| Cranial nuclei |
| afferent: |
- Solitary nucleus
- tract
- Dorsal respiratory group
- Gustatory nucleus
- Vestibular nuclei
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| efferent: |
- Hypoglossal nucleus
- Nucleus ambiguus
- Dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve
- Inferior salivatory nucleus
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| Dorsal |
- Gracile nucleus
- Cuneate nucleus
- Accessory cuneate nucleus
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| Ventral |
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- Ventral respiratory group
- Arcuate nucleus of medulla
- Rostral ventromedial medulla
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| White matter |
| Dorsal |
- Sensory
- Sensory decussation
- Medial lemniscus
- Juxtarestiform body
- Ascending dorsal longitudinal fasciculus
- Medial longitudinal fasciculus
- Motor
- Descending dorsal longitudinal fasciculus
- Medial longitudinal fasciculus
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| Ventral |
- Descending tracts
- Olivocerebellar tract
- Rubro-olivary tract
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| Surface |
| Front |
- Pyramid
- decussation
- Anterior median fissure
- Anterolateral sulcus
- Olive
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| Back |
- Posterior median sulcus
- Posterolateral sulcus
- Area postrema
- Vagal trigone
- Hypoglossal trigone
- Medial eminence
- Inferior cerebellar peduncle
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| Grey |
- Reticular formation
- Gigantocellular
- Parvocellular
- Ventral
- Lateral
- Paramedian
- Raphe nuclei
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The cranial nerves
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| terminal |
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| olfactory |
- Nuclei
- Anterior olfactory nucleus
- Course
- olfactory bulb
- olfactory tract
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| optic |
- Nuclei
- Lateral geniculate nucleus
- Course
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| oculomotor |
- Nuclei
- Oculomotor nucleus
- Edinger-Westphal nucleus
- Branches
- superior
- parasympathetic root of ciliary ganglion/ciliary ganglion
- inferior
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| trochlear |
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| trigeminal |
- Nuclei
- PSN
- Spinal trigeminal nucleus
- MN
- TMN
- Course
- Branches
- ophthalmic
- maxillary
- mandibular
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| abducens |
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| facial |
| near origin |
- intermediate nerve
- geniculate
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inside
facial canal |
- greater petrosal
- nerve to the stapedius
- chorda tympani
- lingual nerve
- submandibular ganglion
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at stylomastoid
foramen |
- posterior auricular
- suprahyoid
- parotid plexus
- temporal
- zygomatic
- buccal
- mandibular
- cervical
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| Nuclei |
- Facial motor nucleus
- Solitary nucleus
- Superior salivary nucleus
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| vestibulocochlear |
- Nuclei
- Vestibular nuclei
- Cochlear nuclei
- cochlear nerve
- striae medullares
- lateral lemniscus
- vestibular
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| glossopharyngeal |
| before jugular fossa |
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| after jugular fossa |
- tympanic
- tympanic plexus
- lesser petrosal
- otic ganglion
- stylopharyngeal branch
- pharyngeal branches
- tonsillar branches
- lingual branches
- carotid sinus
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| Nuclei |
- (Nucleus ambiguus
- Inferior salivatory nucleus
- Solitary nucleus
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| vagus |
| before jugular fossa |
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| after jugular fossa |
- meningeal branch
- auricular branch
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| neck |
- pharyngeal branch
- superior laryngeal
- recurrent laryngeal (inferior)
- superior cervical cardiac
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| thorax |
- inferior cardiac
- pulmonary
- vagal trunks
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| abdomen |
- celiac
- renal
- hepatic
- anterior gastric
- posterior gastric
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| Nuclei |
- Nucleus ambiguus
- Dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve
- Solitary nucleus
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| accessory |
- Nuclei
- Nucleus ambiguus
- Spinal accessory nucleus
- cranial
- spinal
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| hypoglossal |
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Anatomy of taste
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| Tongue |
- Taste bud
- Lingual papilla
- Vallate papilla
- Foliate papilla
- Fungiform papilla
- Filiform papilla
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| Path |
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medulla
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- Solitary tract
- Solitary nucleus
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pons
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- Central tegmental tract
- Medial parabrachial nucleus
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thalamus
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- Ventral posteromedial nucleus
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cerebrum
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- Posterior limb of internal capsule
- Gustatory cortex
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| Other |
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Altered GABAA receptor expression in brainstem nuclei and SUDEP in Gabrg2(+/Q390X) mice associated with epileptic encephalopathy.
- Xia G1, P Pourali S1, Warner TA1, Zhang CQ1, L Macdonald R2, Kang JQ3.
- Epilepsy research.Epilepsy Res.2016 Jul;123:50-4. doi: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2016.04.002. Epub 2016 Apr 13.
- Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is the leading cause for death in individuals with epilepsy. The frequency of SUDEP correlates with the severity of epilepsies and lack of response to antiepileptic drug treatment, but the underlying mechanisms of SUDEP have not been elucidated fully. GABR
- PMID 27131289
- Organization of the nitrergic neuronal system in the primitive bony fishes Polypterus senegalus and Erpetoichthys calabaricus (Actinopterygii: Cladistia).
- López JM1, Lozano D1, Morona R1, González A1.
- The Journal of comparative neurology.J Comp Neurol.2016 Jun 15;524(9):1770-804. doi: 10.1002/cne.23922. Epub 2015 Nov 20.
- Cladistians are a group of basal actinopterygian fishes that constitute a good model for studying primitive brain features, most likely present in the ancestral bony fishes. The analysis of the nitrergic neurons (with the enzyme nitric oxide synthase; NOS) has helped in understanding important aspec
- PMID 26517971
- Ascending mechanisms of stress integration: implications for brainstem regulation of neuroendocrine and behavioral stress responses.
- Myers B1, Scheimann JR2, Franco-Villanueva A2, Herman JP2.
- Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews.Neurosci Biobehav Rev.2016 May 18. pii: S0149-7634(16)30092-6. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.05.011. [Epub ahead of print]
- In response to stress, defined as a real or perceived threat to homeostasis or well-being, brain systems initiate divergent physiological and behavioral processes that mobilize energy and promote adaptation. The brainstem contains multiple nuclei that engage in autonomic control and reflexive respon
- PMID 27208411
Japanese Journal
- Prediction of Dysphagia Severity: An Investigation of the Dysphagia Patterns in Patients with Lateral Medullary Infarction
- Oshima Fumiko,Yokozeki Megumi,Hamanaka Masashi,Imai Keisuke,Makino Masahiro,Kimura Miyuki,Fujimoto Yasushi,Fujiu-Kurachi Masako
- Internal Medicine 52(12), 1325-1331, 2013
- … On brain magnetic resonance imaging, the subjects' lesions were classified vertically into three levels and horizontally into seven levels in relation to the involvement of the ambiguous and/or solitary nuclei. …
- NAID 130003365645
- Gustatory Neural Pathways Revealed by Genetic Tracing from Taste Receptor Cells
- MATSUMOTO Ichiro
- Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 2013
- … Taste receptor cells encounter chemicals in foods and transmit this information to the gustatory neurons, which convey it further to the gustatory relay nuclei in the lower brainstem. … We observed the tracer in the neurons of cranial sensory ganglia and the nucleus of the solitary tract in the medulla where gustatory neurons project. … The tracer was also distributed in the reticular formation and several motor nuclei in the medulla that have not been recognized as gustatory ascending pathways. …
- NAID 130003361145
- Solitary neurofibroma of the maxillary sinus: Report of a case
- Rokutanda Satoshi,Yamada Shin-ichi,Kawasaki Goro,Kawano Toshihiro,Yanamoto Souichi,Fujita Shuichi,Ikeda Tohru,Umeda Masahiro
- Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medicine, and Pathology 24(3), 171-174, 2012-08-00
- … Although neurofibroma frequently occurs as a local manifestation of von Recklinghausen's disease, solitary lesions in the oral and maxillofacial region are rare. … Here, we describe an extremely rare solitary neurofibroma that arose in the maxillary sinus of a 41-year-old man. … These cells had flexed, wavy and linear spindle nuclei. …
- NAID 120005230512
Related Links
- nucleus [noo´kle-us] (pl. nu´clei) (L.) 1. cell nucleus; a spheroid body within a cell, contained in a double membrane, the nuclear envelope, and containing the chromosomes and one or more nucleoli. The contents are collectively ...
- Define solitary nuclei. solitary nuclei synonyms, solitary nuclei pronunciation, solitary nuclei translation, English dictionary definition of solitary nuclei. n. pl. nu·cle·i or nu·cle·us·es 1. A central or essential part around which other ...
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- solitary nucleus (B),solitary nuclei, solitary tract nucleus,nuclei of solitary tract (KL), nucleus of the solitary tract
- ラ
- nucleus tractus solitarii, nucleus tractus solitarius NTS (SP), nucleus solitarius
- 同
- 延髄孤束核
- 関
- 延髄
概念
- 味覚を伝える知覚線維の終止核 (KL.704)
- 求心性迷走神経末端が到達している
解剖
[★]
核
- 関
- nuclear、nucleo、nucleus
