WordNet
- an iodide that is used in photography, in seeding clouds to make rain, and in medicine
- made from or largely consisting of silver; "silver bracelets"
- a soft white precious univalent metallic element having the highest electrical and thermal conductivity of any metal; occurs in argentite and in free form; used in coins and jewelry and tableware and photography (同)Ag, atomic number 47
- coins made of silver
- make silver in color; "Her worries had silvered her hair"
- turn silver; "The mans hair silvered very attractively"
- having the white lustrous sheen of silver; "a land of silver (or silvern) rivers where the salmon leap"; "repeated scrubbings have given the wood a silvery sheen" (同)silvern, silvery
- coat with a layer of silver or a silver amalgam; "silver the necklace"
- a salt or ester of hydriodic acid
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 『銀』(金属元素;化学記号は『Ag』) / (商品・通貨基準としての)銀 / 『銀貨』(一般に銀白色の)硬貨 / 《集合的に》『銀(銀めっき)の食器類』,銀器 / 『銀製の』,銀めっきした / 銀色の,銀白色の / …‘に'銀めっきする / 《文》…‘を'銀色にする / 銀色になる
- ヨウ化物
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/01/26 20:56:39」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
| Silver iodide |
|
|
|
|
| Identifiers |
| CAS number |
7783-96-2 Y |
| PubChem |
6432717 |
| ChemSpider |
22969 Y |
| UNII |
81M6Z3D1XE Y |
| EC number |
232-038-0 |
| Jmol-3D images |
Image 1 |
|
|
-
InChI=1S/Ag.HI/h;1H/q+1;/p-1 Y
Key: MSFPLIAKTHOCQP-UHFFFAOYSA-M Y
InChI=1/Ag.HI/h;1H/q+1;/p-1
Key: MSFPLIAKTHOCQP-REWHXWOFAV
|
| Properties |
| Molecular formula |
AgI |
| Molar mass |
234.77 g/mol |
| Appearance |
yellow, crystalline solid |
| Odor |
odorless |
| Density |
5.675 g/cm3, solid |
| Melting point |
558 °C; 1,036 °F; 831 K |
| Boiling point |
1,506 °C; 2,743 °F; 1,779 K |
| Solubility in water |
3×10−7g/100mL (20 °C) |
| Solubility product, Ksp |
8.52 × 10 −17 |
| Solubility |
soluble in acid |
| Structure |
| Crystal structure |
hexagonal (β-phase, > 147 °C)
cubic (α-phase, < 147 °C) |
| Thermochemistry |
Std enthalpy of
formation ΔfHo298 |
−62 kJ·mol−1[1] |
Standard molar
entropy So298 |
115 J·mol−1·K−1[1] |
| Hazards |
| MSDS |
Sigma-Aldrich |
| EU classification |
not listed |
| NFPA 704 |
|
| Flash point |
Non-flammable |
Y (verify) (what is: Y/N?)
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C (77 °F), 100 kPa) |
| Infobox references |
Silver iodide is an inorganic compound with the formula AgI. The compound is a bright yellow solid, but samples almost always contain impurities of metallic silver that give a gray coloration. The silver contamination arises because AgI is highly photosensitive. This property is exploited in silver-based photography. Silver iodide is also used as an antiseptic and in cloud seeding.
Contents
- 1 Structure
- 2 Preparation and properties
- 3 Cloud seeding
- 4 Safety
- 5 References
Structure[edit]
The structure (or phase) adopted by silver iodide depends on temperature of the solid:[2]
- Up to 420 K (147 °C), AgI is more stable in the β-phase, which has a wurtzite structure. It is known as the mineral iodargyrite. In this motif, the silver and iodide centers are tetrahedrally coordinated.
- Above 420 K (147 °C), the α-phase becomes more stable. This motif is body-centered cubic structure with has the silver centers distributed randomly between 2-, 3-, and 4-coordinate sites. Above 420 K, Ag+ ions can move rapidly through the solid, making it a fast ion conductor. The transition between the β and α forms represents the melting of the silver (cation) sublattice. The entropy of fusion (melting) for α-AgI is approximately half that for sodium chloride (a typical ionic solid). This can be rationalized by noting that the AgI crystalline lattice has essentially already partly melted in the transition between α and β forms.
- A metastable γ-phase also exists below 420 K, which has a zinc blende structure.
The golden-yellow crystals on this mineral sample are iodargyrite, a naturally occurring form of β-AgI.
Preparation and properties[edit]
Silver iodide is prepared by reaction of an iodide solution (e.g., potassium iodide) with a solution of silver ions (e.g., silver nitrate). A yellowish solid quickly precipitates. The solid is a mixture of the two principal phases. Dissolution of the AgI in hydroiodic acid, followed by dilution with water precipitates β-AgI. Alternatively, dissolution of AgI in a solution of concentrated silver nitrate followed by dilution affords α-AgI.[3] If the preparation is not conducted in the absence of sunlight, the solid darkens rapidly, the light causing the reduction of ionic silver to metallic. The photosensitivity varies with sample purity.
Cloud seeding[edit]
Cessna 210 equipped with a silver iodide generator for cloud seeding
The crystalline structure of β-AgI is similar to that of ice, allowing it to induce freezing by the process known as heterogeneous nucleation. Approximately 50,000 kg are used for cloud seeding annually, each seeding experiment consuming 10-50 grams.[4]
Safety[edit]
Silver compounds are "much less toxic than other heavy metals".[4] Extreme exposure can lead to argyria characterized by localized discoloration of the tissue.
References[edit]
- ^ a b Zumdahl, Steven S. (2009). Chemical Principles 6th Ed. Houghton Mifflin Company. p. A23. ISBN 0-618-94690-X.
- ^ Binner, J. G. P.; Dimitrakis, G.; Price, D. M.; Reading, M.; Vaidhyanathan, B. (2006). "Hysteresis in the β–α Phase Transition in Silver Iodide" (PDF). Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 84 (2): 409–412. doi:10.1007/s10973-005-7154-1.
- ^ O. Glemser, H. Saur "Silver Iodide" in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. Edited by G. Brauer, Academic Press, 1963, NY. Vol. 1. p. 1036-7.
- ^ a b Phyllis A. Lyday "Iodine and Iodine Compounds" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2005. doi:10.1002/14356007.a14_381
|
Silver compounds
|
|
| Silver(0,I) |
|
|
| Silver(I) |
- AgBF4
- AgBr
- AgBrO3
- AgCN
- AgCNO
- AgCl
- AgClO
- AgClO2
- AgClO3
- AgClO4
- AgF
- AgI
- AgIO3
- AgMnO4
- AgNO2
- AgNO3
- AgN3
- Ag3N
- AgReO4
- AgSCN
- AgC2H3O2
- AgC22H43O2
- AgC4H3N2NSO2C6H4NH2
- AgCF3SO3
- AgPF6
- Ag2CO3
- Ag2C2
- Ag2C2O4
- Ag2CrO4
- Ag2MoO4
- Ag2O
- Ag2S
- Ag2SO3
- Ag2S2O3
- Ag2SO4
- AgHSO4
- Ag2Se
- Ag2SeO3
- Ag2Te
- Ag3AsO4
- Ag3PO4
- KAg(CN)2
- RbAg4I5
- Ag(NH3)2NO3
|
|
| Silver(II) |
|
|
| Silver(III) |
|
|
| Silver(I,III) |
|
|
UpToDate Contents
全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.
English Journal
- A colorimetric assay for measuring iodide using Au@Ag core-shell nanoparticles coupled with Cu(2+).
- Zeng J1, Cao Y2, Lu CH3, Wang XD4, Wang Q2, Wen CY2, Qu JB2, Yuan C2, Yan ZF5, Chen X6.
- Analytica chimica acta.Anal Chim Acta.2015 Sep 3;891:269-76. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.06.043. Epub 2015 Aug 7.
- Au@Ag core-shell nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized and coupled with copper ion (Cu(2+)) for the colorimetric sensing of iodide ion (I(-)). This assay relies on the fact that the absorption spectra and the color of metallic core-shell NPs are sensitive to their chemical ingredient and dimensional
- PMID 26388386
- Size-Controlled AgI/Ag Heteronanowires in Highly Ordered Alumina Membranes: Superionic Phase Stabilization and Conductivity.
- Zhang H1, Tsuchiya T1, Liang C2, Terabe K1.
- Nano letters.Nano Lett.2015 Aug 12;15(8):5161-7. doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b01388. Epub 2015 Jul 21.
- Nanoscaled ionic conductors are crucial for future nanodevices. A well-known ionic conductor, AgI, exhibited conductivity greater than 1 Ω(-1) cm(-1) in α-phase and transformed into poorly conducting β-/γ-phase below 147 °C, thereby limiting applications. Here, we report that transition tempera
- PMID 26189765
- AgI/TiO2 nanobelts monolithic catalyst with enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity.
- Yi J1, Huang L1, Wang H1, Yu H1, Peng F2.
- Journal of hazardous materials.J Hazard Mater.2015 Mar 2;284:207-14. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.11.020. Epub 2014 Nov 20.
- AgI nanoparticles (NPs) have been decorated on the TiO2 nanobelts (NBs) immobilized on a metal Ti substrate by a simple impregnating-precipitation method. The as-achieved AgI/TiO2 monolithic catalyst exhibits a high and stable visible photocatalytic activity toward acid orange II (AO-II) degradation
- PMID 25463235
Japanese Journal
- Change of supercooling capability in solutions containing different kinds of ice nucleators by flavonol glycosides from deep supercooling xylem parenchyma cells in trees
- Kuwabara Chikako,Kasuga Jun,Wang Donghui,Fukushi Yukiharu,Arakawa Keita,Koyama Toshie,Inada Takaaki,Fujikawa Seizo
- Cryobiology 63(3), 157-163, 2011-12-00
- … The present study, in order to further clarify the roles of these flavonol glycosides in deep supercooling of XPCs, the effects of these supercooling-facilitating (anti-ice nucleating) flavonol glycosides, kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (K3Glc), kaempferol 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (K7Glc) and Quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (Q3Glc), in buffered Milli-Q water (BMQW) containing different kinds of ice nucleators, including INB Xanthomonas campestris, silver iodide and phloroglucinol, were examined by a droplet freezing assay. …
- NAID 120003678802
- 深過冷却するカツラ木部柔細胞由来の加水分解性ガロタンニンの過冷却活性に関する研究
- 王 東暉,春日 純,桑原 慎子 [他],福士 幸治,藤川 清三,荒川 圭太
- 低温生物工学会誌 57(2), 147-151, 2011-10-15
- … In the present study, we examined SCF capabilities of the four kinds of hydrolyzable gallotannins in solutions containing different kinds of ice nucleators, including Erwinia ananas, Xanthomonas campestris, silver iodide, and 1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene (phloroglucinol). …
- NAID 110009457799
- 内部に高濃度のヨウ化銀をもつ単分散沃臭化銀乳剤粒子の設計--医用直接撮影用X線フィルムへの適用
Related Links
- The latest Tweets from silver_iodide (@silver_iodide). クラシック音楽と化学を愛する大学院生です．尊敬する指揮者：トスカニーニ、オーマンディ、ライナー ect. ．大学では化学を専攻．Fl/Rmご自由に 東北大学/大学院理学研究科/M1/化学 ...
- OUR CONSULTANTS HAVE BEEN EVERYWHERE – Department of defense TO The intel community. Our professional staff includes MBAs, Microsoft Certified System ... “Silver Iodide, LLC delivered everything they promised. Our ...
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 関
- I、I2、iodine、iodo
[★]
銀
- 関
- Ag