WordNet

feed on carrion or refuse; "hyenas scavenge"
remove unwanted substances from (同)clean
clean refuse from; "Scavenge a street"
a chemical agent that is added to a chemical mixture to counteract the effects of impurities
any animal that feeds on refuse and other decaying organic matter
a cellular structure that is postulated to exist in order to mediate between a chemical agent that acts on nervous tissue and the physiological response

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈腐肉〉‘を'食べる;〈食物・使える物など〉‘を'ごみの中からあさる / 《英》〈街路など〉‘を'そうじする / 腐肉を食べる;ごみあさりをする / 《英》ごみさらいをする
腐肉を常食とする動物(ハゲタカ(vulture)・ハイエナ(hyena)など) / (食物や金目のものを探して)ごみあさりをする人
=sense organ / 受信装置

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/03/15 11:16:40」(JST)

wiki en

Scavenger receptors are a group of receptors that recognize modified low-density lipoprotein^[1] (LDL) by oxidation or acetylation. This naming is based on a function of cleaning (scavenging): Scavenger receptors widely recognize and take up macromolecules that have a negative charge, like modified LDL.

Function

It is thought that scavenger receptors participate in the removal of many foreign substances and waste materials in the living body by extensive ligand specificity and a variety of receptor molecules.

In atherosclerotic lesions, macrophages that express scavenger receptors on their plasma membrane take up the oxidized LDL deposited in the blood vessel wall aggressively, and develop into foam cells. Likewise they secrete various inflammatory cytokines and accelerate the development of atherosclerosis.

Types

Scavenger receptors are categorized into classes A, B, and C according to their structural characteristics.

Class A is mainly expressed in the macrophage, and a protein whose molecular weight is about 80 kDa makes a trimer; it is composed of 1) cytosol domain, 2) transmembrane domain, 3) spacer domain, 4) alpha-helical coiled-coil domain, 5) collagen-like domain, and 6) cysteine-rich domain.^[2]
Class B has two transmembrane regions.
Class C is a transmembrane protein whose N-terminus is located extracellularly.

Class A

Scavenger receptors type 1 (SR-A1) and 2 (SR-A2) are trimers with a molecular weight of about 220-250 kDa (the molecular weight of monomeric protein is about 80 kDa). They preferentially bind modified LDL, either acylated (acLDL) or oxidized (oxLDL). They have a collagen-like domain, which is essential for ligand binding.

Members include:

SCARA1 or MSR1: SR-A1 scavenger receptors have a cysteine-rich domain, which can be found in a series of cell surface receptors and soluble proteins, but SR-A2 do not.
SCARA2 or MARCO: Another scavenger receptor class A, MARCO, has collagen-like and cysteine-rich domains.
SCARA3
SCARA4 or COLEC12
SCARA5

Class B

CD36 and scavenger receptor class BI (SR-BI) are identified as oxidized LDL receptors and classified into class B. Both proteins have two transmembrane domains, and they are concentrated in a specific plasma membrane microdomain, the caveolae.

Members include:

SCARB1. SR-BI can interact not only with oxidized LDL but also with normal LDL and high-density lipoproteins (HDL). Recent studies have indicated that SR-BI is likely to be the major receptor involved in HDL metabolism in mice and humans.^[3]^[4]
SCARB2
SCARB3 or CD36. CD36 has been thought to be implicated in cell adhesion, in the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, and in the metabolism of long-chain fatty acids. In experimental mice models of atherosclerosis in which the gene for CD36 has been deleted, the mice have a greatly reduced number of atherosclerotic lesions.^[5]

Other

Some receptors that can bind to oxidized LDL have been discovered.

CD68 and its mouse homologue, macrosialin, has a unique N-terminal mucin-like domain.
Mucin is a viscous substance (found in natto or okra) that is composed of a protein and polysaccharides binding it. A Drosophila class C scavenger receptor (dSR-C1) also has a mucin-like structure.
Lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 (LOX-1) was isolated from an aortic endothelial cell, and recently it has been discovered in macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells in artery vessels. The expression of LOX-1 is inducted by inflammatory stimuli, so LOX-1 is thought to be involved in the development of atherosclerotic lesions.^[6]

References

^ Prabhudas M, Bowdish D, Drickamer K, Febbraio M, Herz J, Kobzik L, Krieger M, Loike J, Means TK, Moestrup SK, Post S, Sawamura T, Silverstein S, Wang XY, El Khoury J (2014). "Standardizing scavenger receptor nomenclature". J. Immunol. 192 (5): 1997–2006. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1490003. PMID 24563502.
^ Matsumoto A, Naito M, Itakura H, Ikemoto S, Asaoka H, Hayakawa I, Kanamori H, Aburatani H, Takaku F, Suzuki H (1990). "Human macrophage scavenger receptors: primary structure, expression, and localization in atherosclerotic lesions". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87 (23): 9133–7. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.23.9133. PMC 55118. PMID 2251254.
^ Rigotti A, Trigatti BL, Penman M, Rayburn H, Herz J, Krieger M (1997). "A targeted mutation in the murine gene encoding the high density lipoprotein (HDL) receptor scavenger receptor class B type I reveals its key role in HDL metabolism". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94 (23): 12610–5. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.23.12610. PMC 25055. PMID 9356497.
^ Khovidhunkit W (2011). "A genetic variant of the scavenger receptor BI in humans". N. Engl. J. Med. 364 (14): 1375–6; author reply 1376. doi:10.1056/NEJMc1101847#SA1. PMID 21470028.
^ Kuchibhotla S, Vanegas D, Kennedy DJ, Guy E, Nimako G, Morton RE, Febbraio M (2008). "Absence of CD36 protects against atherosclerosis in ApoE knock-out mice with no additional protection provided by absence of scavenger receptor A I/II". Cardiovasc. Res. 78 (1): 185–96. doi:10.1093/cvr/cvm093. PMC 2810680. PMID 18065445.
^ Mehta JL, Chen J, Hermonat PL, Romeo F, Novelli G (2006). "Lectin-like, oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1): a critical player in the development of atherosclerosis and related disorders". Cardiovasc. Res. 69 (1): 36–45. doi:10.1016/j.cardiores.2005.09.006. PMID 16324688.

External links

Scavenger receptors at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

UpToDate Contents

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1. リポ蛋白の分類、代謝、およびアテローム性動脈硬化症における役割 lipoprotein classification metabolism and role in atherosclerosis
2. 自然免疫系の概要 an overview of the innate immune system
3. インスリン受容体の構造および機能 structure and function of the insulin receptor
4. 免疫不全症を引き起こすCD3／T細胞受容体複合体疾患 cd3 t cell receptor complex disorders causing immunodeficiency
5. 成人における肺胞蛋白症の臨床症状および病因 clinical manifestations and etiology of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in adults

English Journal

PPARγ-induced upregulation of CD36 enhances hematoma resolution and attenuates long-term neurological deficits after germinal matrix hemorrhage in neonatal rats.

Flores JJ1, Klebe D1, Rolland WB1, Lekic T1, Krafft PR1, Zhang JH2.
Neurobiology of disease.Neurobiol Dis.2016 Mar;87:124-33. doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.12.015. Epub 2015 Dec 29.
Germinal matrix hemorrhage remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants in the United States with little progress made in its clinical management. Survivors are often afflicted with long-term neurological sequelae, including cerebral palsy, mental retardation, hydrocephalu
PMID 26739391

Behavioral characterization of CD36 knockout mice with SHIRPA primary screen.

Zhang S1, Wang W2, Li J3, Cheng K3, Zhou J4, Zhu D5, Yang D6, Liang Z7, Fang L6, Liao L1, Xie P8.
Behavioural brain research.Behav Brain Res.2016 Feb 15;299:90-6. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.11.027. Epub 2015 Nov 25.
CD36 is a member of the class B scavenger receptor family of cell surface proteins, which plays a major role in fatty acid, glucose and lipid metabolism. Besides, CD36 functions as a microglial surface receptor for amyloid beta peptide. Regarding this, we suggest CD36 might also contribute to neurop
PMID 26628208

Japanese Journal

CXCL16 in Vascular Pathology Research: from Macro Effects to microRNAs

Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis 22(10), 1012-1024, 2015
NAID 130005101334

Chitosan Oligosaccharides Attenuate Atherosclerosis and Decrease Non-HDL in ApoE-/- Mice

Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis 22(9), 926-941, 2015
NAID 130005099290

「スカベンジャー受容体」

　　[★]

英: scavenger receptor, SR
同: スカベンジャーレセプター
関: CD36

「スカベンジャーレセプター」

　　[★]

英: scavenger receptor
関: スカベンジャー受容体

「class A scavenger receptor」

　　[★]

クラスAスカベンジャー受容体、クラスAスカベンジャーレセプター

「class B scavenger receptor」

　　[★]

クラスBスカベンジャー受容体、クラスBスカベンジャーレセプター

「class F scavenger receptor」

　　[★]

クラスFスカベンジャー受容体、クラスFスカベンジャーレセプター

「scavenger receptors」

　　[★] スカベンジャー受容体

「scavenge」

　　[★]

vt.

(ゴミなどを)取り除く。(場所を)清掃する。(利用できる物を)廃品の中から取り出す。(廃品)から利用できる物を取り出す。(腐肉・厨芥などを)食べる。(不純物を)科学的・物理的に除去する。

「scavenger」

　　[★]

スカベンジャー、捕捉剤

関: sequestrant

[pmid24563502-1] Prabhudas M, Bowdish D, Drickamer K, Febbraio M, Herz J, Kobzik L, Krieger M, Loike J, Means TK, Moestrup SK, Post S, Sawamura T, Silverstein S, Wang XY, El Khoury J (2014). "Standardizing scavenger receptor nomenclature". J. Immunol. 192 (5): 1997–2006. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1490003. PMID 24563502.

[pmid2251254-2] Matsumoto A, Naito M, Itakura H, Ikemoto S, Asaoka H, Hayakawa I, Kanamori H, Aburatani H, Takaku F, Suzuki H (1990). "Human macrophage scavenger receptors: primary structure, expression, and localization in atherosclerotic lesions". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87 (23): 9133–7. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.23.9133. PMC 55118. PMID 2251254.

[pmid9356497-3] Rigotti A, Trigatti BL, Penman M, Rayburn H, Herz J, Krieger M (1997). "A targeted mutation in the murine gene encoding the high density lipoprotein (HDL) receptor scavenger receptor class B type I reveals its key role in HDL metabolism". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94 (23): 12610–5. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.23.12610. PMC 25055. PMID 9356497.

[pmid21470028-4] Khovidhunkit W (2011). "A genetic variant of the scavenger receptor BI in humans". N. Engl. J. Med. 364 (14): 1375–6; author reply 1376. doi:10.1056/NEJMc1101847#SA1. PMID 21470028.

[pmid18065445-5] Kuchibhotla S, Vanegas D, Kennedy DJ, Guy E, Nimako G, Morton RE, Febbraio M (2008). "Absence of CD36 protects against atherosclerosis in ApoE knock-out mice with no additional protection provided by absence of scavenger receptor A I/II". Cardiovasc. Res. 78 (1): 185–96. doi:10.1093/cvr/cvm093. PMC 2810680. PMID 18065445.

[pmid16324688-6] Mehta JL, Chen J, Hermonat PL, Romeo F, Novelli G (2006). "Lectin-like, oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1): a critical player in the development of atherosclerosis and related disorders". Cardiovasc. Res. 69 (1): 36–45. doi:10.1016/j.cardiores.2005.09.006. PMID 16324688.

リンク元	「スカベンジャー受容体」「スカベンジャーレセプター」
拡張検索	「class A scavenger receptor」「class B scavenger receptor」「class F scavenger receptor」「scavenger receptors」
関連記事	「scavenge」「scavenger」

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案内

案内

scavenger receptor