WordNet

bring into conformity with rules or principles or usage; impose regulations; "We cannot regulate the way people dress"; "This town likes to regulate" (同)regularize, regularise, order, govern
fix or adjust the time, amount, degree, or rate of; "regulate the temperature"; "modulate the pitch" (同)modulate
any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells; consist of polymers of amino acids; essential in the diet of animals for growth and for repair of tissues; can be obtained from meat and eggs and milk and legumes; "a diet high in protein"
a cellular structure that is postulated to exist in order to mediate between a chemical agent that acts on nervous tissue and the physiological response
controlled or governed according to rule or principle or law; "well regulated industries"; "houses with regulated temperature"

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Smad7 Protein Interacts with Receptor-regulated Smads (R-Smads) to Inhibit Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad Signaling.

Yan X1, Liao H2, Cheng M2, Shi X2, Lin X3, Feng XH4, Chen YG5.
The Journal of biological chemistry.J Biol Chem.2016 Jan 1;291(1):382-92. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M115.694281. Epub 2015 Nov 10.
TGF-β is a pleiotropic cytokine that regulates a wide range of cellular actions and pathophysiological processes. TGF-β signaling is spatiotemporally fine-tuned. As a key negative regulator of TGF-β signaling, Smad7 exerts its inhibitory effects by blocking receptor activity, inducing receptor de
PMID 26555259

Aberrant TGFβ Signalling Contributes to Altered Trophoblast Differentiation in Preeclampsia.

Xu J1, Sivasubramaniyam T1,2, Yinon Y3, Tagliaferro A1, Ray J1,2, Nevo O3, Post M2,4,5,6, Caniggia I1,3,2,6.
Endocrinology.Endocrinology.2015 Dec 14:en20151696. [Epub ahead of print]
TGFβ has been implicated in preeclampsia, but its intracellular signalling via SMADs and SMAD-independent proteins in the placenta remains elusive. Here, we show that TGFβ receptor-regulated SMAD2 was activated (Ser465/467 phosphorylation) in syncytiotrophoblast and proliferating extravillous trop
PMID 26653761

Zhang Y1, Wang S2,3, Liu S4, Li C5, Wang J2.
International urology and nephrology.Int Urol Nephrol.2015 Dec;47(12):1965-75. doi: 10.1007/s11255-015-1115-9. Epub 2015 Oct 3.
Smads are the key intermediates of canonical transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling. These intermediates are divided into three distinct subgroups based on their role in TGF-β family signal transduction: Receptor-regulated Smads (R-Smads) 1, 2, 3, 5 and 8, common Smad4, and inhibitory S
PMID 26433882

Yano Masato,Inoue Yoshifumi,Tobimatsu Takako,Hendy Geoffrey N.,Canaff Lucie,Sugimoto Toshitsugu,Seino Susumu,Kaji Hiroshi
Endocrine Journal 59(8), 653-662, 2012
… The transforming growth factor (TGF)-β family members, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 and TGF-β that signal via the receptor-regulated Smads (R-Smads) induce bone formation in vivo. …
NAID 130004443822

山中雅博,吉岡泉,土生学 [他],冨永和宏
九州齒科學會雜誌 : Ky◆U016B◆sh◆U016B◆-Shika-Gakkai-zasshi 63(5), 268-276, 2010-03-25
… morphogenetic protein（BMP）などに大別され，骨折や骨延長法の骨形成に重要な役割を担っている．SmadsはTGF-βやBMPの細胞内シグナル伝達因子である．このうち特異型SmadであるSmad1，5，8はBMPのシグナルを，そしてSmad2，3はTGF-βのシグナルを伝達する．共有型SmadであるSmad4は特異型Smadと結合し，標的 …
NAID 10026187002

Roles of mono-ubiquitinated Smad4 in the formation of Smad transcriptional complexes

Wang Bei,Suzuki Hiroyuki,Kato Mitsuyasu
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 376(2), 288-292, 2008-11
… TGF-β activates receptor-regulated Smad (R-Smad) through phosphorylation by type I receptors. … Activated R-Smad binds to Smad4 and the complex translocates into the nucleus and stimulates the transcription of target genes through association with co-activators including p300. … It is not clear, however, how activated Smad complexes are removed from target genes. …
NAID 120000830635