WordNet

of first rank or importance or value; direct and immediate rather than secondary; "primary goals"; "a primary effect"; "primary sources"; "a primary interest"
a preliminary election where delegates or nominees are chosen (同)primary_election
one of the main flight feathers projecting along the outer edge of a birds wing (同)primary feather, primary quill
(astronomy) a celestial body (especially a star) relative to other objects in orbit around it
not derived from or reducible to something else; basic; "a primary instinct"

PrepTutorEJDIC

『第一の』,『主要な』 / 『初期の』,『初等の』,初級の / 『根本的な』,基本的な,本来の,直接的な / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》(回路・コイル・巻き・電流などが)一次の / 原色(三原色の一つ) / 《米》=primary election
(…の)『結果』,成り行き(result)《+『of』+『名』》

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1. ST上昇型心筋梗塞におけるプライマリ経皮的冠動脈インターベンション：転帰の決定因子 primary percutaneous coronary intervention in acute st elevation myocardial infarction determinants of outcome
2. 原発性中枢神経系リンパ腫の臨床症状、病理学的特徴、および診断 clinical presentation pathologic features and diagnosis of primary central nervous system lymphoma
3. 成人における原発性硬化性胆管炎：臨床症状および診断 primary sclerosing cholangitis in adults clinical manifestations and diagnosis
4. 頭頸部癌患者における二次発癌 second primary malignancies in patients with head and neck cancers
5. 濾胞性リンパ腫の臨床症状、病理学的特徴、診断、および予後 clinical manifestations pathologic features diagnosis and prognosis of follicular lymphoma

English Journal

Alcohol use and HIV disease management: The impact of individual and partner-level alcohol use among HIV-positive men who have sex with men.

Woolf-King SE1, Neilands TB, Dilworth SE, Carrico AW, Johnson MO.Author information 1a Department of Medicine, Center for AIDS Prevention Studies , University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) , San Francisco , CA , USA.AbstractAlcohol use among HIV-positive (HIV+) individuals is associated with decreased adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and consequently poorer HIV treatment outcomes. This study examined the independent association of individual and partner-level alcohol use with HIV disease management among men who have sex with men (MSM) in primary partnerships. In total, 356 HIV+ MSM and their male primary partners completed a baseline visit for a longitudinal study examining the role of couple-level factors in HIV treatment. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) was administered to assess the individual and the partner-level alcohol use. Primary outcome variables included self-reported ART adherence, ART adherence self-efficacy, and HIV viral load. Results demonstrated that abstainers, compared to hazardous drinkers, had higher self-efficacy to integrate and persevere in HIV treatment and a lower odds of having a detectable viral load. Participants with a partner-abstainer, versus a partner-hazardous drinker, had less self-efficacy to persevere in HIV treatment, a lower odds of 100% three-day adherence and a higher viral load. Together, these findings suggest that assessment and treatment of both the patient's and the patient's primary partner's pattern of alcohol consumption is warranted when attempting to optimize HIV care among MSM.
AIDS care.AIDS Care.2014 Jun;26(6):702-8. doi: 10.1080/09540121.2013.855302. Epub 2013 Nov 12.
Alcohol use among HIV-positive (HIV+) individuals is associated with decreased adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and consequently poorer HIV treatment outcomes. This study examined the independent association of individual and partner-level alcohol use with HIV disease management among men w
PMID 24215238

Perceived stigma reductions following participation in mental health services integrated within community-based HIV primary care.

Farber EW1, Shahane AA, Brown JL, Campos PE.Author information 1a Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Grady Ponce de Leon Center , Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta , GA , USA.AbstractHIV stigma remains a significant challenge for individuals living with HIV disease that can adversely affect overall well-being and patterns of HIV health service engagement. Finding ways to effectively address stigma concerns is, therefore, an important consideration in the clinical management of HIV disease. This study examined changes in perceived stigma in a sample of 48 adults living with HIV disease as an outcome of their participation in a mental health services program integrated with community-based HIV primary care. Participants completed a self-report instrument that provided a multidimensional measure of perceived HIV stigma, including distancing, blaming, and discrimination dimensions. This scale was administered at the baseline mental health service visit and then re-administered at the three-month follow-up point. Study results showed reductions in self-reported perceived HIV stigma over time for the distancing (t = 4.01, p = 0.000, d = 0.43), blaming (t = 2.79, p = 0.008, d = 0.35), and discrimination (t = 2.90, p = 0.006, d = 0.42) dimensions of stigma. These findings suggest that participation in HIV mental health services may have a favorable impact on perceived HIV stigma. Implications of these findings are discussed, including possible mechanisms that might explain the observed results as well as suggested directions for future research in this area. Randomized controlled trials would represent an important next step to investigate the extent to which HIV mental health services can reduce levels of perceived HIV stigma.
AIDS care.AIDS Care.2014 Jun;26(6):750-3. doi: 10.1080/09540121.2013.845285. Epub 2013 Oct 7.
HIV stigma remains a significant challenge for individuals living with HIV disease that can adversely affect overall well-being and patterns of HIV health service engagement. Finding ways to effectively address stigma concerns is, therefore, an important consideration in the clinical management of H
PMID 24093931

Mesenchymal stromal cells induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in human colorectal cancer cells through the expression of surface-bound TGF-β.

Mele V1, Muraro MG, Calabrese D, Pfaff D, Amatruda N, Amicarella F, Kvinlaug B, Bocelli-Tyndall C, Martin I, Resink TJ, Heberer M, Oertli D, Terracciano L, Spagnoli GC, Iezzi G.Author information 1Institute of Surgical Research and Hospital Management (ICFS) and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Pathology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.AbstractMesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) are multipotent precursors endowed with the ability to home to primary and metastatic tumor sites, where they can integrate into the tumor-associated stroma. However, molecular mechanisms and outcome of their interaction with cancer cells have not been fully clarified. In this study, we investigated the effects mediated by bone marrow-derived MSC on human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells in vitro and in vivo. We found that MSC triggered epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in tumor cells in vitro, as indicated by upregulation of EMT-related genes, downregulation of E-cadherin and acquisition of mesenchymal morphology. These effects required cell-to-cell contact and were mediated by surface-bound TGF-β newly expressed on MSC upon coculture with tumor cells. In vivo tumor masses formed by MSC-conditioned CRC cells were larger and characterized by higher vessel density, decreased E-cadherin expression and increased expression of mesenchymal markers. Furthermore, MSC-conditioned tumor cells displayed increased invasiveness in vitro and enhanced capacity to invade peripheral tissues in vivo. Thus, by promoting EMT-related phenomena, MSC appear to favor the acquisition of an aggressive phenotype by CRC cells.
International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer.Int J Cancer.2014 Jun 1;134(11):2583-94. doi: 10.1002/ijc.28598. Epub 2014 Jan 30.
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) are multipotent precursors endowed with the ability to home to primary and metastatic tumor sites, where they can integrate into the tumor-associated stroma. However, molecular mechanisms and outcome of their interaction with cancer cells have not been fully clar
PMID 24214914

Japanese Journal

Transabdominal Approach for Spontaneous Oesophageal Perforation: A Review of Four Cases

Hiroshima Journal of Medical Sciences 67(3), 93-96, 2018-09
NAID 120006528383

Clinical outcome of primary giant cell tumor of bone after curettage with or without perioperative denosumab in Japan: from a questionnaire for JCOG 1610 study

World Journal of Surgical Oncology 16, 160, 2018-08-08
NAID 120006502536

Stereotactic body radiotherapy to treat small lung lesions clinically diagnosed as primary lung cancer by radiological examination: A prospective observational study