WordNet

a light soft silver-white metallic element of the alkali metal group; oxidizes rapidly in air and reacts violently with water; is abundant in nature in combined forms occurring in sea water and in carnallite and kainite and sylvite (同)K, atomic number 19
salt of ferrocyanic acid usually obtained by a reaction of a cyanide with iron sulphate

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ポタシウム,カリウム(金属元素;化学記号はK)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/04/27 01:12:02」(JST)

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Potassium ferrocyanide is the inorganic compound with formula K₄[Fe(CN)₆] · 3H₂O. It is the potassium salt of the coordination complex [Fe(CN)₆]^4-. This salt forms lemon-yellow monoclinic crystals.

Synthesis

Potassium ferrocyanide is produced industrially from hydrogen cyanide, ferrous chloride, calcium hydroxide, the combination of which affords Ca₂[Fe(CN)₆] · 11H₂O. This solution is then treated with potassium salts to precipitate the mixed calcium-potassium salt CaK₂[Fe(CN)₆], which in turn is treated with potassium carbonate to give the tetrapotassium salt.^[2]

Chemical reactions

Treatment of potassium ferrocyanide with nitric acid gives H₂[Fe(NO)(CN)₅]. After neutralization of this intermediate with sodium carbonate, red crystals of sodium nitroprusside can be selectively crystallized.^[3]

Upon treatment with chlorine gas, potassium ferrocyanide converts to potassium ferricyanide:

2 K₄[Fe(CN)₆] + Cl₂ → 2 K₃[Fe(CN)₆] + 2 KCl

This reaction can be used to remove potassium ferrocyanide from a solution.^{[citation needed]}

A famous reaction involves treatment with ferric salts to give Prussian blue. With the approximate composition KFe₂(CN)₆, this insoluble but deeply coloured material is the blue of blueprinting.

Potassium ferrocyanide, potassium ferricyanide, and Prussian blue account for over 97% of cyanides in the environment.^[4]

Applications

Potassium ferrocyanide finds many niche applications in industry. It and the related sodium salt are widely used as anti-caking agents for both road salt and table salt. The potassium and sodium ferrocyanides are also used in the purification of tin and the separation of copper from molybdenum ores. Potassium ferrocyanide is used in the production of wine and citric acid.^[2]

In the laboratory, potassium ferrocyanide is used to determine the concentration of potassium permanganate, a compound often used in titrations based on redox reactions. Potassium ferrocyanide is used in a mixture with potassium ferricyanide and phosphate buffered solution (PBS) to provide a buffer for X-Gal, which is used to cleave Beta-galactosidase, giving a bright blue visualization where an antibody (or other molecule), conjugated to Beta-gal, has bonded to its target.

Potassium ferrocyanide can be used as a fertilizer for plants.^{[citation needed]}

Toxicity

Potassium ferrocyanide is nontoxic, although upon contact with strong acid it can release toxic hydrogen cyanide gas. It is not decomposed to cyanide in the body. The toxicity in rats is low, with lethal dose (LD50) at 6400 mg/kg.^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b "POTASSIUM FERROCYANIDE MSDS Number: P5763 - Effective Date: 12/08/96". J. T. Baker Inc. Retrieved 2012-04-08.
^ ^a ^b Gail, E.; Gos, S.; Kulzer, R.; Lorösch, J.; Rubo, A.; Sauer, M.; Kellens, R.; Reddy, J.; Steier, N.; Hasenpusch, W. (October 2011). "Cyano Compounds, Inorganic". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a08_159.pub3.
^ Seel, F. (1965). "Sodium Nitrosyl Cyanoferrate". In Brauer, G. Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry 2 (2nd ed.). New York: Academic Press. p. 1768. LCCN 63-14307.
^ Yu, X. Z.; Gu, J. D.; Li, T. P. (August 2008). "Availability of ferrocyanide and ferricyanide complexes as a nitrogen source to cyanogenic plants". Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 55 (2): 229–237. doi:10.1007/s00244-007-9101-6. PMID 18180862.

External links

"Cyanide (inorganic) compounds fact sheet". National Pollutant Inventory Australia.

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Enhanced poly(L-malic acid) production from pretreated cane molasses by Aureobasidium pullulans in fed-batch fermentation.

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PMID 26829650

Hampering of the Stability of Gold Electrodes by Ferri-/Ferrocyanide Redox Couple Electrolytes during Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy.

Lazar J1, Schnelting C1, Slavcheva E2, Schnakenberg U1.
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In the past decades, numerous measurements have applied electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in an electrode-electrolyte system consisting of gold electrodes and the redox couple potassium ferrocyanide/potassium ferricyanide (HCF). Yet these measurements are often hampered by false positive
PMID 26618671

Reproducible, stable and fast electrochemical activity from easy to make graphene on copper electrodes.

Bosch-Navarro C1, Laker ZP, Rourke JP, Wilson NR.
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The electrochemical activity of graphene is of fundamental importance to applications from energy storage to sensing, but has proved difficult to unambiguously determine due to the challenges innate to fabricating well defined graphene electrodes free from contamination. Here, we report the electroc
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Japanese Journal

分子鋳型を利用した皮膚コレステロール計測法の開発

椎木弘,長岡勉
生体医工学 : 日本エム・イー学会誌 42(3), 181-186, 2004-09-10
… The extraction of cholesterol molecules creates shape-complementary cavities on the SAM, and the detection of electro-inactive cholesterol is achieved using an electrochemical method with potassium ferrocyanide as the redox marker. …
NAID 110003988560

反応性を有する二液体の偏心二円筒間流れにおける混合・反応過程

植田利久,渡辺佳孝,渡辺淳
化学工学論文集 29(3), 320-326, 2003
外円筒容器と内円筒棒が偏心して設置された二円筒間にみたされたグリセリン中の反応性を有する二液体の混合および化学反応過程について実験的に検討を加えた．外円筒容器と内円筒棒の中心間距離を両者の半径の差で無次元化した偏心率を0.1–0.7に変化させた．外円筒容器と内円筒棒は，ストークス流れの条件を満たしながら交互に回転させる．反応物質として，硝酸鉄（III）（Fe(NO3)3）とフェロシアン …
NAID 130000134866

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「ヘキサシアノ鉄(II)酸塩」「フェロシアン化カリウム」
関連記事	「ferrocyanide」

「ヘキサシアノ鉄(II)酸塩」

Potassium ferrocyanide
	IUPAC name Potassium hexacyanidoferrate(II)
	Other names Potassium hexacyanoferrate (II), trihydrate; Tetrapotassium ferrocyanide, trihydrate; Ferrate (4-), hexacyano, tetrapotassium, trihydrate
Identifiers
CAS number	13943-58-3 , (anhydrous); 14459-95-1 (trihydrate)
PubChem	161067
Properties
Molecular formula	C6N6FeK4
Molar mass	368.35 g/mol (anhydrous); 422.388 g/mol (trihydrate)
Appearance	Light yellow, crystalline granules.
Density	1.85 g/cm3 (trihydrate)
Melting point	69−71 °C
Boiling point	400 °C (decomp)
Solubility in water	trihydrate; 28.9 g/100 mL (20 °C)
Solubility	insoluble in ethanol, ether
Hazards
EU Index	Not listed
R-phrases	R32, R52, R53
S-phrases	S50(B), S61
NFPA 704	0 1 0
Flash point	Non-flammable
Related compounds
Other anions	Potassium ferricyanide
Other cations	Sodium ferrocyanide; Prussian blue
	(verify) (what is: /?); Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
	Infobox references