phocine distemper virus

• アザラシジステンパーウイルス

関

earless seal

WordNet

1. paint with distemper
2. any of various infectious viral diseases of animals
3. a method of painting in which the pigments are mixed with water and a binder; used for painting posters or murals or stage scenery
4. a painting created with paint that is made by mixing the pigments with water and a binder
5. paint made by mixing the pigments with water and a binder
6. a harmful or corrupting agency; "bigotry is a virus that must not be allowed to spread"; "the virus of jealousy is latent in everyone"
7. (virology) ultramicroscopic infectious agent that replicates itself only within cells of living hosts; many are pathogenic; a piece of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) wrapped in a thin coat of protein
8. a software program capable of reproducing itself and usually capable of causing great harm to files or other programs on the same computer; "a true virus cannot spread to another computer without human assistance" (同)computer virus
9. of or relating to seals

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. ジステンバー(ウィルスによる犬などの伝染病) / (心身の)異状
2. …‘を'ジステンバー(泥絵の具)で描く / 《英》〈壁・小屋など〉‘に'水性塗料を塗る / 泥絵の具;ジステンバー画法 / 《英》水性塗料
3. ビールス,ろ過性病原体

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/12/15 18:56:39」(JST)

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Phocine distemper virus
Immunohistochemical staining of the lung of a seal with PDV.
Virus classification
Group:	Group V ((-)ssRNA)
Order:	Mononegavirales
Family:	Paramyxoviridae
Genus:	Morbillivirus
Species:	Phocine distemper virus

Phocine distemper virus (PDV) is a paramyxovirus of the genus Morbillivirus that is pathogenic for pinniped species, particularly seals. Clinical signs include laboured breathing, fever and nervous symptoms.

PDV was first identified in 1988 as the cause of death of 18,000 harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) and 300 grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) along the northern European coast.

In the same year, two more outbreaks of viral disease in aquatic mammals were observed. Another Morbillivirus caused the deaths of Baikal seals (Phoca sibirica) in Lake Baikal, Siberia. This was later identified as a strain of the closely related canine distemper virus (CDV) and was probably transmitted to the seals from terrestrial animals, CDV being widespread in canines in the Lake Baikal region.

The third outbreak occurred in harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) near the British Isles and the Netherlands. A third Morbillivirus, named porpoise morbillivirus was identified as the cause.

In 2002, an epidemic of PDV along the North Sea coast resulted in the deaths of 21,700 seals, estimated to be 51% of the population.

Encephalitis in a harbor seal with PDV

Antibodies to PDV and CDV have been found in a number of carnivorous mammal species in Canada, including polar bears, indicating the potential for the viruses to spread to new species.

The suddenness of the emergence of PDV and related viruses in aquatic mammals has implicated environmental changes as the cause. Pollutants have been posited as contributors by interfering with the ability of animals to mount a defense against infection. Alternatively, climate change and overfishing may have forced aquatic species that naturally harbour the viruses into new areas, exposing immunologically susceptible populations.

References

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English Journal

• Phocine distemper virus (PDV) seroprevalence as predictor for future outbreaks in harbour seals.

• Ludes-Wehrmeister E1, Dupke C2, Harder TC3, Baumgärtner W4, Haas L5, Teilmann J6, Dietz R6, Jensen LF7, Siebert U8.
• Veterinary microbiology.Vet Microbiol.2016 Feb 1;183:43-9. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.11.017. Epub 2015 Nov 26.
• Phocine distemper virus (PDV) infections caused the two most pronounced mass mortalities in marine mammals documented in the past century. During the two outbreaks, 23,000 and 30,000 harbour seals (Phoca vitulina), died in 1988/1989 and 2002 across populations in the Wadden Sea and adjacent waters,
• PMID 26790934

• In Vitro Exposure of Harbor Seal Immune Cells to Aroclor 1260 Alters Phocine Distemper Virus Replication.

• Bogomolni A1,2, Frasca S Jr3, Levin M3, Matassa K4, Nielsen O5, Waring G6, De Guise S3,7.
• Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology.Arch Environ Contam Toxicol.2016 Jan;70(1):121-32. doi: 10.1007/s00244-015-0178-z. Epub 2015 Jul 4.
• In the last 30 years, several large-scale marine mammal mortality events have occurred, often in close association with highly polluted regions, leading to suspicions that contaminant-induced immunosuppression contributed to these epizootics. Some of these recent events also identified morbillivirus
• PMID 26142119

• Structural characterisation of Toll-like receptor 1 (TLR1) and Toll-like receptor 6 (TLR6) in elephant and harbor seals.

• Woodman S1, Gibson AJ1, García AR2, Contreras GS2, Rossen JW3, Werling D1, Offord V4.
• Veterinary immunology and immunopathology.Vet Immunol Immunopathol.2016 Jan;169:10-4. doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2015.11.006. Epub 2015 Dec 1.
• Pinnipeds are a diverse clade of semi-aquatic mammals, which act as key indicators of ecosystem health. Their transition from land to marine environments provides a complex microbial milieu, making them vulnerable to both aquatic and terrestrial pathogens, thereby contributing to pinniped population
• PMID 26827833

Japanese Journal

• ジステンパーウイルス (特集 動物のウイルス感染症)

• Virus
• NAID 40016741757

• Seroepidemiological survey of morbillivirus infection in Kuril harbor seals （Phoca vitulina stejnegeri） of Hokkaido, Japan

• Japanese Journal of Veterinary Research 54(2-3), 109-117, 2006-11-30
• NAID 80018735421

• Dolphin and porpoise morbilliviruses are genetically distinct from phocine distemper virus

• Virology 193, 1010-1012, 1993
• NAID 80006986505

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リンク元	「earless seal」「アザラシジステンパーウイルス」
関連記事	「distemper」「phocine」「virus」

「earless seal」

　　[★]

アザラシ

関

phocine、phocine distemper virus

「アザラシジステンパーウイルス」

　　[★]

英

phocine distemper virus

関

アザラシ

「distemper」

　　[★]

ジステンパー

関

canine distemper

　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「phocine」

　　[★]

• アザラシの

関

earless seal

　

「virus」

　　[★] ウイルス