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the bodily fluid that fills the space between the bony labyrinth and the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/07/17 08:44:25」(JST)

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Cross-section of cochlea. Perilymph is located in the scala vestibuli and scala tympani - the aqua regions at the top and bottom of the diagram.

Perilymph is an extracellular fluid located within the cochlea (part of the inner ear) in two of its three compartments: the scala tympani and scala vestibuli. The ionic composition of perilymph is comparable to that of plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. The major cation in perilymph is sodium: The values of sodium and potassium concentration in the perilymph are 138 mM and 6.9 mM, respectively.^[1]

Endolymph[edit]

The inner ear has two parts: the bony labyrinth and the membranous labyrinth. The membranous labyrinth is contained within the bony labyrinth, and within the membranous labyrinth is a fluid called endolymph. Between the outer wall of the membranous labyrinth and the wall of the bony labyrinth is the location of perilymph.

Perilymph and endolymph have unique ionic compositions suited to their functions in regulating electrochemical impulses of hair cells. The electric potential of endolymph is ~80-90 mV more positive than perilymph due to a higher concentration of K compared to Na.^[2]

Perilymph is the fluid contained within the osseus labyrinth, surrounding and protecting the membranous labyrinth; perilymph resembles extracellular fluid in composition (sodium salts are the predominate positive electrolyte) and, via the perilymphatic duct, is in continuity with cerebrospinal fluid.

Syn: Perilympha [NA], Cotunnius' liquid, and liquor cotunnii.

Endolymph is the fluid contained within the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear; endolymph resembles intracellular fluid in composition (potassium is the main positively-charged ion).

Syn: Endolympha [NA], Scarpa's fluid, and Scarpa's liquor.

Clinical significance[edit]

It has also been suggested that perilymph and endolymph participate in a unidirectional flow that is interrupted in Ménière's disease.

References[edit]

^ Bosher SK, Warren RL (1968-11-05). "Observations on the electrochemistry of the cochlear endolymph of the rat: a quantitative study of its electrical potential and ionic composition as determined by means of flame spectrophotometry". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B, Biological Sciences 171 (1023): 227–247. doi:10.1098/rspb.1968.0066. PMID 4386844.
^ Konishi T, Hamrick PE, Walsh PJ (1978). "Ion transport in guinea pig cochlea. I. Potassium and sodium transport". Acta Otolaryngol 86 (1–2): 22–34. doi:10.3109/00016487809124717. PMID 696294.

External links[edit]

http://oto.wustl.edu/cochlea/intro3.htm

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Comparison of KTP, Thulium, and CO2 laser in stapedotomy using specialized visualization techniques: thermal effects.

Kamalski DM1, Verdaasdonk RM, de Boorder T, Vincent R, Trabelzini F, Grolman W.
European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery.Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol.2014 Jun;271(6):1477-83. doi: 10.1007/s00405-013-2624-8. Epub 2013 Jul 24.
High-speed thermal imaging enables visualization of heating of the vestibule during laser-assisted stapedotomy, comparing KTP, CO2, and Thulium laser light. Perforation of the stapes footplate with laser bears the risk of heating of the inner ear fluids. The amount of heating depends on absorption o
PMID 23880918

Regulation of dopamine D2 receptors in the guinea pig cochlea.

Wang L1, Li J, Yu L, Li X.
Acta oto-laryngologica.Acta Otolaryngol.2014 May 7. [Epub ahead of print]
Abstract Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that the regulation of D2 receptors may be frequency specific. The reduction in cochlear microphonics (CM) and distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) amplitudes after perfusion with a D2 antagonist suggests that this receptor plays a role in the r
PMID 24807851

Time Course for Measuring Endolymphatic Size in Healthy Volunteers Following Intravenous Administration of Gadoteridol.

Naganawa S1, Suzuki K, Yamazaki M, Sakurai Y, Ikeda M.
Magnetic resonance in medical sciences : MRMS : an official journal of Japan Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.Magn Reson Med Sci.2014 Apr 28. [Epub ahead of print]
Purpose: We developed semi-quantitative methods to measure endolymphatic size on images obtained 4 hours after intravenous administration of single-dose gadolinium-based contrast medium (IV-SD-GBCM) and found little variation in results between observers. We used the methods to measure the size of t
PMID 24769637

Japanese Journal

外リンパ瘻からの続発性内リンパ水腫形成を疑った2症例

福嶋宗久,北原糺,堀井新,道場隆博,大園芳之,今井隆介
Equilibrium Research 73(1), 16-21, 2014
… It is suggested that relative increase in the endolymph pressure can become a cause of endolymphatic hydrops due to the decline of the perilymph pressure. …
NAID 130003395176

Time Course for Measuring Endolymphatic Size in Healthy Volunteers Following Intravenous Administration of Gadoteridol

NAGANAWA Shinji,SUZUKI Kojiro,YAMAZAKI Masahiro,SAKURAI Yasuo,IKEDA Mitsuru
Magnetic Resonance in Medical Sciences, 2014
… We used the methods to measure the size of the endolymph in healthy volunteers at various times after IV-SD-GBCM and attempted to determine the optimal timing for the evaluation.<br/>Methods: In 8 healthy male volunteers, we obtained heavily T2-weighted 3-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (hT2W-3D-FLAIR) images 1.5, 3, 4.5, and 6 hours after IV-SD-GBCM as positive perilymph images (PPI) as well as acquiring positive endolymph images (PEI) and magnetic resonance cisternography (MRC). …
NAID 130003393001

Serial Scans in Healthy Volunteers Following Intravenous Administration of Gadoteridol: Time Course of Contrast Enhancement in Various Cranial Fluid Spaces

NAGANAWA Shinji,SUZUKI Kojiro,YAMAZAKI Masahiro,SAKURAI Yasuo
Magnetic Resonance in Medical Sciences, 2014
… Purpose: Heavily T2-weighted, 3-dimensional, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (hT2W-3D-FLAIR) imaging has been reported to detect low concentrations of gadolinium-based contrast media (GBCM) in the anterior eye segment (AES), subarachnoid space (SAS), and labyrinthine perilymph as well as in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the internal auditory canal (IAC) 4 hours after intravenous administration of a single dose (IV-SD-GBCM) in patients with inner ear disorders. …
NAID 130003392991