WordNet
- a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction (同)cell_nucleus, karyon
- (astronomy) the center of the head of a comet; consists of small solid particles of ice and frozen gas that vaporizes on approaching the sun to form the coma and tail
- any histologically identifiable mass of neural cell bodies in the brain or spinal cord
- the positively charged dense center of an atom
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 中心,核 / (生物の)細胞核 / 原子核
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/11/03 18:27:26」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
| Parabrachial area |
| Details |
| Part of |
Brainstem |
| Components |
Medial parabrachial nucleus, Lateral parabrachial nucleus, Subparabrachial nucleus |
| Identifiers |
| Latin |
nuclei parabrachiales |
| NeuroNames |
hier-1927 |
| NeuroLex ID |
Parabrachial nucleus |
| TA |
A14.1.05.439 |
| FMA |
84024 |
| Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy
[edit on Wikidata]
|
In the human brain, the parabrachial area, also known as the parabrachial complex and parabrachial nucleus, is a horseshoe-shaped strip of gray matter comprising the subparabrachial nucleus, the lateral parabrachial nucleus and the medial parabrachial nucleus. It is located at the junction of the midbrain and Pons in the lateral reticular formation, rostral to the parvocellular reticular nucleus near the superior cerebellar peduncle.[1][2] It gets its name from its closeness to the superior cerebellar peduncle, which is also known as the "brachia conjunctiva."
The subparabrachial nucleus receives signals from the caudal part of the solitary nucleus and sends signals to the lower medulla oblongata, the spinal cord, the amygdala and the lateral hypothalamus; the medial parabrachial nucleus relays information from the cephalic gustatory portion of the solitary nucleus to the ventral posteromedial nucleus of the thalamus; and the lateral parabrachial nucleus receives information from the caudal solitary tract and transmits signals mainly to the medial hypothalamus but also to the lateral hypothalamus and many of the nuclei targeted by the medial parabrachial nucleus.[2]
Function
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This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (April 2016) |
The parabrachial nucleus contains a hedonic hotspot which mediates "liking" responses to certain pleasurable stimuli, such as sweet taste.[3]
References
- ^ John Alan Kiernan; Murray Llewellyn Barr (2009). Barr's The Human Nervous System: An Anatomical Viewpoint. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 147–8. ISBN 978-0-7817-8256-2. Retrieved 21 January 2013.
- ^ a b Thomas P. Naidich; Henri M. Duvernoy; Bradley N. Delman (1 January 2009). Duvernoy's Atlas of the Human Brain Stem and Cerebellum: High-field MRI : Surface Anatomy, Internal Structure, Vascularization and 3D Sectional Anatomy. Springer. p. 324. ISBN 978-3-211-73971-6.
- ^ Berridge KC, Kringelbach ML (May 2015). "Pleasure systems in the brain". Neuron. 86 (3): 646–664. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2015.02.018. PMC 4425246. PMID 25950633.
In the prefrontal cortex, recent evidence indicates that the OFC and insula cortex may each contain their own additional hot spots (D.C. Castro et al., Soc. Neurosci., abstract). In specific subregions of each area, either opioid-stimulating or orexin-stimulating microinjections appear to enhance the number of ‘‘liking’’ reactions elicited by sweetness, similar to the NAc and VP hot spots. Successful confirmation of hedonic hot spots in the OFC or insula would be important and possibly relevant to the orbitofrontal mid-anterior site mentioned earlier that especially tracks the subjective pleasure of foods in humans (Georgiadis et al., 2012; Kringelbach, 2005; Kringelbach et al., 2003; Small et al., 2001; Veldhuizen et al., 2010). Finally, in the brainstem, a hindbrain site near the parabrachial nucleus of dorsal pons also appears able to contribute to hedonic gains of function (Söderpalm and Berridge, 2000). A brainstem mechanism for pleasure may seem more surprising than forebrain hot spots to anyone who views the brainstem as merely reflexive, but the pontine parabrachial nucleus contributes to taste, pain, and many visceral sensations from the body and has also been suggested to play an important role in motivation (Wu et al., 2012) and in human emotion (especially related to the somatic marker hypothesis) (Damasio, 2010).
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Anatomy of the pons
|
|
Dorsal/
(tegmentum) |
| Surface |
- Cerebellopontine angle
- Superior medullary velum
- Sulcus limitans
- Medial eminence
- Facial colliculus
|
|
| White: Sensory |
- Trapezoid body
- Trigeminal lemniscus
- Dorsal trigeminal tract
- Ventral trigeminal tract
- Medial lemniscus
- Lateral lemniscus
- Medial longitudinal fasciculus
- Vestibulo-oculomotor fibers
- Anterior trigeminothalamic tract
- Central tegmental tract
|
|
| White: Motor |
- Inferior cerebellar peduncle
- Vestibulocerebellar tract
- Medial longitudinal fasciculus
- Vestibulospinal tract
- Medial vestibulospinal tract
- Lateral vestibulospinal tract
|
|
| Grey: Cranial nuclei |
| afferent: |
- GSA
- Cochlear nucleus
- Vestibular nuclei
|
|
| efferent: |
- SVE: Trigeminal motor nucleus
- Facial motor nucleus
- GSE: Abducens nucleus
- GVE: Superior salivary nucleus
- Inferior salivary nucleus
|
|
| Other |
- Apneustic center
- Parabrachial area
- Pneumotaxic center
- Subparabrachial nucleus
- Medial parabrachial nucleus
- Lateral parabrachial nucleus
- Superior olivary nucleus
- Caerulean nucleus
|
|
|
|
Ventral/
(base) |
| Grey |
|
|
| White: Motor/descending |
- Corticospinal tract
- Corticobulbar tract
- Corticopontine fibers
- MCP
|
|
| Surface |
|
|
|
Other grey: Raphe/
reticular |
- Reticular formation
- Caudal
- Oral
- Tegmental
- Paramedian
- Raphe nuclei
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Anatomy of taste
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|
| Tongue |
- Taste bud
- Lingual papilla
- Vallate papilla
- Foliate papilla
- Fungiform papilla
- Filiform papilla
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|
| Path |
|
medulla
|
- Solitary tract
- Solitary nucleus
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|
|
pons
|
- Central tegmental tract
- Medial parabrachial nucleus
|
|
|
thalamus
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- Ventral posteromedial nucleus
|
|
|
cerebrum
|
- Posterior limb of internal capsule
- Gustatory cortex
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|
|
| Other |
|
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Neuroanatomical circuitry mediating the sensory impact of nicotine in the central nervous system.
- Dehkordi O1, Rose JE, Asadi S, Manaye KF, Millis RM, Jayam-Trouth A.
- Journal of neuroscience research.J Neurosci Res.2015 Feb;93(2):230-43. doi: 10.1002/jnr.23477. Epub 2014 Sep 16.
- Direct actions of nicotine in the CNS appear to be essential for its reinforcing properties. However, activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) on afferent sensory nerve fibers is an important component of addiction to, and withdrawal from, cigarette smoking. The aim of the present st
- PMID 25223294
- Respiratory and sympathetic chemoreflex regulation by Kölliker-Fuse neurons in rats.
- Damasceno RS1, Takakura AC, Moreira TS.
- Pflügers Archiv : European journal of physiology.Pflugers Arch.2015 Feb;467(2):231-9. doi: 10.1007/s00424-014-1525-z. Epub 2014 Apr 29.
- Chemoreceptor activation increases phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and sympathetic nerve activity (SNA). The dorsolateral pontine neurons, including the parabrachial nucleus and the Kölliker-Fuse (KF) region project to several brainstem areas involved in autonomic and respiratory regulation. Here the
- PMID 24777830
- Moxonidine into the lateral parabrachial nucleus modifies postingestive signals involved in sodium intake control.
- Gasparini S1, Menani JV2, Daniels D3.
- Neuroscience.Neuroscience.2015 Jan 22;284:768-74. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.09.042. Epub 2014 Sep 28.
- The activation of α2-adrenoceptors with bilateral injections of moxonidine (α2-adrenoceptor and imidazoline receptor agonist) into the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPBN) increases 1.8% NaCl intake induced by treatment with furosemide (FURO)+captopril (CAP) subcutaneously. In the present study, we
- PMID 25264033
Japanese Journal
- Central circuitries for body temperature regulation and fever.
- Nakamura Kazuhiro
- American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology 301(5), R1207-R1228, 2011-09-00
- … To defend thermal homeostasis from environmental thermal challenges, feedforward thermosensory information on environmental temperature sensed by skin thermoreceptors ascends through the spinal cord and lateral parabrachial nucleus to the preoptic area (POA). …
- NAID 120003573882
- A thermosensory pathway mediating heat-defense responses.
- Nakamura Kazuhiro,Morrison Shaun F
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 107(19), 8848-8853, 2010-05-11
- … Using in vivo electrophysiological and anatomical approaches in the rat, we found that neurons in the dorsal part of the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPBd) glutamatergically transmit cutaneous warm signals from spinal somatosensory neurons directly to the thermoregulatory command center, the preoptic area (POA). …
- NAID 80021052162
- Orosensory deprivation alters taste-elicited c-Fos expression in the parabrachial nucleus of neonatal rats
Related Links
- Parabrachial area The parabrachial nucleus is a pontine relay center for the integration of sensory feedback influences on normal breathing, and although its functioning is necessary for normal vocal behaviors the precise nature of its ...
- K. Touzani, A. Sclafani, in Encyclopedia of Neuroscience, 2009 Parabrachial nucleus In rodents and rabbits the medial parabrachial nucleus (PBN) relays gustatory information from the NTS to the forebrain, while the lateral PBN ...
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- parabrachial nucleus、parabrachial
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