WordNet

make ones way by force; "He muscled his way into the office"
animal tissue consisting predominantly of contractile cells (同)muscular_tissue
one of the contractile organs of the body (同)musculus
authority or power or force (especially when used in a coercive way); "the senators used their muscle to get the party leader to resign"
(botany) a tiny outgrowth on the surface of a petal or leaf
a small nipple-shaped protuberance concerned with taste, touch, or smell; "the papillae of the tongue"
a small projection of tissue at the base of a hair or tooth or feather
of or relating to or resembling papilla (同)papillose

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉(動物体の組織としての)『筋肉』,筋(きん);〈C〉(体の各部を動かす)筋肉 / 〈U〉力,(特に)筋力,腕力 / 《俗に》(…に)強引に割り込む《+『in on』(『into, through』)+『名』》
乳頭;(毛根・歯根などにある)微小乳頭状突起物
筋肉の,筋力のある / 力ずくの

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/09/24 13:48:29」(JST)

wiki en

The papillary muscles are muscles located in the ventricles of the heart. They attach to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves (also known as the mitral and tricuspid valves) via the chordae tendineae and contract to prevent inversion or prolapse of these valves on systole (or ventricular contraction).^[1]

Structure

There are five total papillary muscles in the heart; three in the right ventricle and two in the left. The anterior, posterior, and septal papillary muscles of the right ventricle each attach via chordae tendineae to the tricuspid valve. The anterior and posterior papillary muscles of the left ventricle attach via chordae tendineae to the mitral valve.^[2]

Blood supply

The mitral valve papillary muscles in the left ventricle are called the anterolateral and posteromedial muscles.^[3]

Anterolateral muscle blood supply: left anterior descending artery - diagonal branch (LAD) and left circumflex artery - obtuse marginal branch (LCX)
Posteromedial muscle blood supply: right coronary artery - posterior interventricular artery (RCA)

The posteromedial muscle ruptures more frequently because it only has one source of blood supply.^[3]

Function

The papillary muscles of both the right and left ventricles begin to contract shortly before ventricular systole and maintain tension throughout.^[1] This prevents regurgitation—backward flow of ventricular blood into the atrial cavities—by bracing the atrioventricular valves against prolapse—being forced back into the atria by the high pressure in the ventricles.^[1]

Clinical significance

Papillary muscle rupture can be caused by a myocardial infarct, and dysfunction can be caused by ischemia. Both complications may lead to worsening of mitral valve prolapse.^[4]

Additional images

Opened chambers of the heart displaying papillary muscles and chordae tendinae
Papillary muscles and chordae tendinae
Papillary muscles and chordae tendinae
Papillary muscles. Deep dissection.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Moore KL, Dalley AF, Agur AM (2007). Clinically Oriented Anatomy (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 92, 94. ISBN 978-0-7817-6274-8.
^ Netter's Atlas of Human Anatomy, plates 216B and 217A
^ ^a ^b Fradley, M. G.; Picard, M. H. (7 March 2011). "Rupture of the Posteromedial Papillary Muscle Leading to Partial Flail of the Anterior Mitral Leaflet". Circulation. 123 (9): 1044–1045. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.984724.
^ Elizabeth D Agabegi; Agabegi, Steven S. (2008). Step-Up to Medicine (Step-Up Series). Hagerstwon, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 40. ISBN 0-7817-7153-6.

External links

Anatomy photo:20:19-0106 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center} — "Heart: The Right Atrioventricular (Tricupsid) Valve" (anterior, posterior, septal papillary muscles)
Anatomy photo:20:26-0105 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center — "Heart: The Left Atrioventricular (Mitral) Valve" (anterior, posterior papillary muscles)
-1368719301 at GPnotebook
Human heart model (left internal anatomy)^{[dead link]} - BioWeb at University of Wisconsin System
Atlas image: ht_rt_vent at the University of Michigan Health System} — "Right atrioventricular bundle branch, anterior view"
Definition of Papillary muscle
MedicineNet Search Results
Visit the educational website www.themitralvalve.org

UpToDate Contents

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1. 僧帽弁の心エコー評価 echocardiographic evaluation of the mitral valve
2. Adductor muscle and tendon injury
3. 急性心筋梗塞の器質的合併症 mechanical complications of acute myocardial infarction
4. 虚血性僧帽弁閉鎖不全症 ischemic mitral regurgitation
5. 急性心筋梗塞における心エコー検査の役割 role of echocardiography in acute myocardial infarction

English Journal

Erratum to: An endoscopic and anatomical approach to the septal papillary muscle of the conus.

Loukas M1, Shane Tubbs R, Louis RG Jr, Apaydin N, Bartczak A, Vefali H, Alsaiegh N, Fudalej M.
Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA.Surg Radiol Anat.2015 Jul;37(5):569. doi: 10.1007/s00276-015-1422-y.
PMID 25601580

Left ventricular myxoma causing sudden death.

Kitchin PL1, Benson P.
The American journal of forensic medicine and pathology.Am J Forensic Med Pathol.2015 Jun;36(2):58-60. doi: 10.1097/PAF.0000000000000141.
Sudden cardiac death due to a myxoma is rarely reported in the literature. Cardiac myxomas are benign tumors of the heart, most frequently located in the left atrium. Left ventricular myxomas are rare. Left ventricular myxomas attached to the anterior papillary muscle are especially rare, with only
PMID 25710796

Posterior leaflet segment 2 plication in ischemic mitral regurgitation repair.

Ay Y1, Erkin A2, Kara I3, Aydin C1, Ay NK4, Zeybek R1.
Asian cardiovascular & thoracic annals.Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann.2015 Jun;23(5):517-24. doi: 10.1177/0218492314547088. Epub 2014 Aug 10.
AIM: To evaluate the medium-term results of plication of posterior leaflet segment 2 in addition to ring annuloplasty in patients with functional ischemic mitral regurgitation.METHODS: The study included 136 patients who underwent mitral valve repair with plication of posterior leaflet segment 2 for
PMID 25114326

Japanese Journal

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy coincided with the cardiac fibrosis in the inner muscle layer of the left ventricular wall in a boxer dog

, , , , , , , , , , ,
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science advpub(0), 2015
… Cardiac fibrosis and intimal thickening of the small arteries occurred without fatty replacement in the inner muscle layer including the papillary muscles of the left ventricular wall. … This paper describes the pathomorphological details of an ARVC case with coincidental cardiac fibrosis in the inner muscle layer of the left ventricular wall. …
NAID 130005067043

乳頭筋異常による左室流出路狭窄に対して僧帽弁置換術を施行した1例

瀬尾浩之,藤井弘通,青山孝信,笹子佳門
日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌 44(2), 92-96, 2015
症例は72歳の男性．閉塞性肥大型心筋症と診断され，4年間，薬物加療が行われていたが，労作時倦怠感および呼吸苦が出現した．心エコー検査では，全周性の心筋肥大と左室中部から流出路における狭窄病変を認め，同部位での最大圧較差は94 mmHgと増悪していた．また，前乳頭筋が著明に肥大して前方に偏位しており，同乳頭筋から僧帽弁前尖へ付着する腱索が著明に短縮しtetheringを認めていた．収縮期には，肥大し …
NAID 130005062373

Surgical Strategy for Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation Adopting Subvalvular and Ventricular Procedures

, , , , ,
Annals of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery advpub(0), 2015
… (MR).Methods: We studied 90 patients who underwent surgical repair of ischemic MR between 1999 and 2013 according to our surgical strategy adding submitral and ventricular procedures to annuloplasty as follows: annuloplasty alone (stage 1, n = 30), additional papillary muscle approximation (PMA) for progression of tethering (stage 2, n = 26), and additional left ventriculoplasty with PMA for progression of LV remodeling and tethering (stage 3, n = 34).Results: The preoperative New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classes …
NAID 130004889831

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「乳頭筋」
関連記事	「papillary」「muscle」「papilla」

「乳頭筋」

Papillary muscle
	Interior of right side of heart. Papillary muscles labeled in purple.
	Diagram showing relations of opened heart to front of thoracic wall.; ; Ant. Anterior segment of tricuspid valve.; A O. Aorta.; A.P. Anterior papillary muscle.; In. Brachiocephalic artery (Innominate).; L.C.C. Left common carotid artery.; L.S. Left subclavian artery.; L.V. Left ventricle.; P.A. Pulmonary artery.; R.A. Right atrium.; R.V. Right ventricle.; V.S. Ventricular septum.
Details
Identifiers
Latin	musculus papillaris
TA	A12.1.00.022
FMA	76526
	Anatomical terminology [edit on Wikidata]