WordNet

poisonous to nerves or nerve cells

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/10/03 12:38:31」(JST)

wiki en

A neurotropic virus is a virus that is capable of infecting nerve cells,^[1] or that does so preferentially. Such viruses are, therefore, able to largely evade the usual immune response as many elements are prevented from reaching the site of infection by the blood-brain barrier.

Terminology

A disease agent is said to be neuroinvasive if it is capable of entering or infecting the central nervous system, and neurovirulent if it is capable of causing disease within the nervous system. Important neuroinvasive viruses include rabies, which has both high neuroinvasiveness and high neurovirulence, and herpes simplex virus, which has low neuroinvasiveness and high neurovirulence. Others, like poliovirus, can spread neurally, but spread primarily via the blood system in what is called hematogenous dissemination.

Examples

Neurotropic viruses that cause acute infection include Japanese Encephalitis, Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis, and California encephalitis viruses; polio, coxsackie, echo, mumps, measles, influenza,^{[citation needed]} and rabies, as well as diseases caused by members of the family Herpesviridae such as herpes simplex, varicella-zoster, cytomegalo, HHV-6, and Epstein-Barr viruses.^[2]

Those causing latent infection include herpes simplex and varicella-zoster viruses. Those causing slow virus infection include measles, rubella and JC viruses, and retroviruses such as human T-lymphotropic virus 1 and human immunodeficiency virus.

Research use

Neurotropic viruses are increasingly being exploited as research tools, and for their potential use in treatment. In particular, they are being used to improve the understanding of the nervous systems circuits.^[3]^[4]

Other neurotropic infections

Several diseases, including transmissible spongiform encephalopathy, Kuru, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease resemble a slow neurotropic virus infection—but are, in fact, caused by the infectious proteins known as prions.^{[citation needed]}

References

^ Word Reference: Neurotropic
^ "Neurotropic viruses--classification, structure and characteristics", Hotta H. (abstract via PubMed)
^ Advances in Virus Research, Volume 55, Karl Maramorosch
^ Neurovirological methods and their applications, P G E Kennedy

This virus-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. ポリオワクチン poliovirus vaccination
2. 単純ヘルペスウイルス1型脳炎 herpes simplex virus type 1 encephalitis
3. ポリオおよび前角細胞への感染性疾患 polio and infectious diseases of the anterior horn

English Journal

Activated CD56(+) lymphocytes (NK+NKT) mediate immunomodulatory and anti-viral effects during Japanese encephalitis virus infection of dendritic cells in-vitro.

Sooryanarain H, Ayachit V, Gore M.SourceEncephalitis Group, National Institute of Virology, Sus Road Campus, Pashan, Pune-411 021, India.
Virology.Virology.2012 Oct 25;432(2):250-60. Epub 2012 Jun 15.
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) remains one of the major causative agents of pediatric encephalitis. Interaction of dendritic cells (DCs) with innate lymphocytes (NK and NKT) represents a crucial event during anti-viral innate immune response. In the current study, we have tried to understand the
PMID 22703755

LPS-induced iNOS expression in N9 microglial cells is suppressed by geniposide via ERK, p38 and nuclear factor-κB signaling pathways.

Zhang G, He JL, Xie XY, Yu C.SourceDepartment of Pathology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China.
International journal of molecular medicine.Int J Mol Med.2012 Sep;30(3):561-8. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2012.1030. Epub 2012 Jun 14.
Activated microglia producing reactive nitrogen species, inflammatory factors, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other neurovirulent factors, can lead to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Certain compounds can inhibit the activation of microglia. Howe
PMID 22710392