mode of action

• 作用様式、作用機序

関

action mechanism、mechanism of action

WordNet

1. the operating part that transmits power to a mechanism; "the piano had a very stiff action" (同)action_mechanism
2. an act by a government body or supranational organization; "recent federal action undermined the segregationist position"; "the United Nations must have the power to propose and organize action without being hobbled by irrelevant issues"; "the Union action of emancipating Southern slaves"
3. something done (usually as opposed to something said); "there were stories of murders and other unnatural actions"
4. the most important or interesting work or activity in a specific area or field; "the action is no longer in technology stocks but in municipal bonds"; "gawkers always try to get as close to the action as possible"
5. the trait of being active and energetic and forceful; "a man of action"
6. the series of events that form a plot; "his novels always have a lot of action"
7. the state of being active; "his sphere of activity"; "he is out of action" (同)activity, activeness
8. institute legal proceedings against; file a suit against; "He was warned that the district attorney would process him"; "She actioned the company for discrimination" (同)sue, litigate, process
9. a particular functioning condition or arrangement; "switched from keyboard to voice mode"
10. the most frequent value of a random variable (同)modal value
11. any of various fixed orders of the various diatonic notes within an octave (同)musical mode
12. relating to a recently developed fashion or style; "their offices are in a modern skyscraper"; "tables in modernistic designs"; (同)modern, modernistic
13. a British teenager or young adult in the 1960s; noted for their clothes consciousness and opposition to the rockers

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈U〉『行動』,活動;精力的な活動 / 〈C〉『行為』,行い;《複数形で》『日常の行動』,ふるまい / 〈U〉〈C〉(人間・馬などの)身ぶり,動作,所作 / 〈U〉(身体諸器官の)働き / 〈U〉(機械などの)『働き』,機能;(薬・化学薬品などの)『作用』 / 〈U〉〈C〉戦闘(battle) / 〈C〉(銃・ピアノなどの)アクション,作動装置 / 〈C〉訴訟 / 〈U〉(劇・物語の)本筋,筋の運び
2. 《所有・所属》…『の』,…のものである,…に属する・《材料・要素》…『でできた』,から成る・《部分》…『の』[『中の』] ・《数量・単位・種類を表す名詞に付いて》…の・《原因・動機》…『で』,のために(because of) ・《主格関係》…『の』,による,によって・《目的格関係》…『を』,の・《同格関係》…『という』・《関係・関連》…『についての』[『の』],の点で・《抽象名詞などと共に》…の[性質をもつ] ・《『It is』+『形』+『of』+『名』+『to』 doの形で,ofの後の名詞を意味上の主語として》・《分離》…『から』・《起原・出所》…『から』[『の』](out of) ・《『名』+『of』+『a』(『an』)+『名』の形で》…のような・《『名』+『of』+『mine』(『yours, his』など独立所有格)の形で》…の…・《時》(1)《副詞句を作って》…に《形容詞句を作って》…の・《時刻》《米》…前(to,《米》before)
3. 〈C〉(…の)『方法』,やり方,流儀《+『of』+『名』(do『ing』)》 / 〈U〉〈C〉(服装などの)『流行』,モード / 〈C〉(動詞の)法,叙法(mood) / 音階(scale)
4. モッズふうな(服装・音楽などについて伝統にとらわれない考え方の一つ)[modernの短縮形]
5. OLD French古[代]フランス語

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/07/07 12:48:41」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

A mode of action (MoA) describes a functional or anatomical change, at the cellular level, resulting from the exposure of a living organism to a substance. In comparison, a mechanism of action (MOA) describes such changes at the molecular level.

A mode of action is important in classifying chemicals as it represents an intermediate level of complexity in between molecular mechanisms and physiological outcomes, especially when the exact molecular target has not yet been elucidated or is subject to debate. A mechanism of action of a chemical could be "binding to DNA" while its broader mode of action would be "transcriptional regulation". However, there is no clear consensus and the term mode of action is also often used, especially in the study of pesticides, to describe molecular mechanisms such as action on specific nuclear receptors or enzymes.

See also

Mechanism of action in Pharmaceuticals

References

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 心臓ペーシングのモード：名称および選択 modes of cardiac pacing nomenclature and selection
• 2. レフルノミドによる関節リウマチの治療 leflunomide in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
• 3. 非ステロイド性抗炎症剤（NSAIDs）：成人における治療使用および効果のばらつき nsaids therapeutic use and variability of response in adults
• 4. 慢性C型肝炎ウイルス感染の治療のためのリバビリンの作用機序 および有効性 mechanism of action and efficacy of ribavirin for the treatment of chronic hepatitis c virus infection
• 5. ビスホスホネートの薬理学 pharmacology of bisphosphonates

English Journal

• Novel treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia: As₂O₃, retinoic acid and retinoid pharmacology.

• Zhu G, Mische SE, Seigneres B1.Author information 1Institute of Oncology of George Zhu, 422407, Beijing, China. sansan4240732@163.com.AbstractAcute promyelocytic leukemia(APL), a specific characteristic of t(15;17) chromosome translocation, represents 5% to 15% of cases of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. An alternative approach is to consider retinoic acid(all-trans RA, ATRA or 13-cis RA or 9-cis RA) plus chemotherapy or RA plus As₂O₃ regimens as now novel therapy. Molecular gene analyses are conclusive in vivo evidence that oncogenic PML/RARa plays a crucial role in APL leukemogenesis. As a novel approach to APL treatment, one possible the action of RA, A consense sequence (5'-TCAGGTCATGACCTGA-3') has been postulated for the thyroid hormone (TRE) and retinoic acid responsive element (RARE) containing half palindromes, which located in the promoter region of target genes. High dose (100-fold) of RA-RARE-PML/RARa complex in intracellular localization appears to relieve repressor from DNA binding, including corepressors N-CoR, SMRT and HDACs, release PML/RARa- mediated transcriptional repression, and release histone deacetylase activity from PMLRARa. The resulting PML/RARa oncoprotein proteolytic degradation through the autophagy-lysosome pathway and the ubiquitin SUMO-proteasome system (UPS), as well as caspase 3 (cleavage site Asp522 within a-helics region of PML component of the fusion protein) or neutrophil elastase, or lysosomal protease enzyme induction. PML protein relocalizes into the wild-type nuclear body (PML-NB) configuration or/and wild-type RARa upregulated. An effect to relieve the blockade (inhibition) of PML/RARA-mediated RA dependent promyelocytic differentiation, and retinoic acid in APL therapy (see Figure in the full text, George Zhu, 1991). Here, like v-erbA, PML/RARa is a (strong) transcriptional repressor of the RA receptor (RAR) complex, and PML/RARa fusion receptor gene act as conditional oncogenic receptor (translocated chimeric retinoic acid a signaling) or oncogenic PML/RARa may participate in leukemogenesis of APL through blocking RA-mediated promyelocytic differentiation. This is first described in eukaryotes.
• Current pharmaceutical biotechnology.Curr Pharm Biotechnol.2014 Oct;14(9):849-58.
• Acute promyelocytic leukemia(APL), a specific characteristic of t(15;17) chromosome translocation, represents 5% to 15% of cases of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. An alternative approach is to consider retinoic acid(all-trans RA, ATRA or 13-cis RA or 9-cis RA) plus chemotherapy or RA plus As₂O₃
• PMID 24433507

• A modified QuEChERS method for simultaneous determination of flonicamid and its metabolites in paprika using tandem mass spectrometry.

• Ko AY1, Abd El-Aty AM2, Rahman MM1, Jang J1, Kim SW1, Choi JH1, Shim JH3.Author information 1Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea.2Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211 Giza, Egypt. Electronic address: abdelaty44@hotmail.com.3Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: jhshim@chonnam.ac.kr.AbstractA modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) acetate-buffered sample preparation method was developed to improve extraction recovery of flonicamid and its two metabolites (4-trifluoromethylnicotinic acid and N-(4-trifluoromethylnicotinoyl)glycine) in paprika followed by analysis using tandem mass spectrometry. Acidified acetonitrile (containing 5% acetic acid) was used as an extraction solvent and partitioning was carried out using sodium chloride. The extract was then cleaned up using C18. The linearity over a concentration range of 0.005-1μg/mL was good with a determination coefficient (R(2))>0.9997. Recovery at three different fortification levels was 82.2-101.7% with a relative standard deviation <10 for all analytes. The limit of quantitation of 0.01mg/kg was quite lower than the maximum residue level set by the Korea Food and Drug Administration (2mg/kg). The method was successfully applied to determine flonicamid and its metabolites from field incurred samples. The undulating residue pattern observed for the parent analyte together with its metabolites could explain the movement behavior of systemic pesticides into plants over time.
• Food chemistry.Food Chem.2014 Aug 15;157:413-20. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.02.038. Epub 2014 Feb 22.
• A modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) acetate-buffered sample preparation method was developed to improve extraction recovery of flonicamid and its two metabolites (4-trifluoromethylnicotinic acid and N-(4-trifluoromethylnicotinoyl)glycine) in paprika followed by analy
• PMID 24679799

• Release properties of gel-type W/O/W encapsulation system prepared using enzymatically-modified starch.

• Mun S1, Choi Y2, Park S3, Surh J4, Kim YR5.Author information 1Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Science, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Department of Biosystems and Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.2Molecular Imaging and Therapy Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si 410-769, Republic of Korea.3Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.4Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Health and Welfare, Kangwon National University, Samcheok, Gangwon 245-711, Republic of Korea.5Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Science, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Department of Biosystems and Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: yongro@snu.ac.kr.AbstractA gel-based encapsulation system was developed by incorporating W/O/W emulsions and 4-α-glucanotransferase (4αGTase) treated starch capable of thermoreversible gel formation, and its physical and release characteristics were investigated as functions of preparation conditions and temperature. Release properties of the W/O/W gels were affected by stability and encapsulation efficiency (EE) of W/O/W emulsions embedded within. Lower EE caused by longer sonication time increased fast release dye portion, which resulted in higher dye release rate, even though emulsion stability improved at longer sonication time. Lower dye release rate of W/O/W gels prepared with relatively higher W/O volume fractions slightly increased as temperature increased from room temperature to 90°C. However, samples prepared with relatively lower W/O volume fractions showed higher dye release rate and a larger increase at 90°C. The 4αGTase-treated starch gel improved W/O/W emulsion stability and thus retarded dye release even at 90°C.
• Food chemistry.Food Chem.2014 Aug 15;157:77-83. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.02.017. Epub 2014 Feb 12.
• A gel-based encapsulation system was developed by incorporating W/O/W emulsions and 4-α-glucanotransferase (4αGTase) treated starch capable of thermoreversible gel formation, and its physical and release characteristics were investigated as functions of preparation conditions and temperature. Rele
• PMID 24679754

Japanese Journal

• The anti-overactive bladder activity of KW-7158 is mediated by blocking equilibrative nucleoside transporter-1

• Nishiya Yoichi,Yamagata Tsuyoshi,Fukuda Ayumu [他],Yokokawa Sachiko,Seishi Takashi,Sakuma Takashi,Sasho Setsuya,Shimizu Yukiko,Sato Hidetaka,Sekine Susumu,Kamigaki Masayo,Yoshida Tetsuo,Shibata Kenji
• Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 130-136, 2014
• … KW-7158 is a novel therapeutic candidate for treating overactive bladder (OAB) with a unique mode of action: suppression of sensory afferent nerves. … However, the molecular target of this compound remains unknown. … We herein report the identification of the KW-7158 target to be equilibrative nucleoside transporter-1 (ENT1). … A membrane protein expression library of ca. …
• NAID 130003382115

• Discovery of a Novel Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyl Transferase (NAMPT) Inhibitor via in Silico Screening

• Takeuchi Mikio,Niimi Tatsuya,Masumoto Mari,Orita Masaya,Yokota Hiroyuki,Yamamoto Tomoko
• Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 37(1), 31-36, 2014
• … Nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (NAMPT) is a key enzyme in the salvage pathway of mammalian nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) biosynthesis, catalyzing the synthesis of nicotinamide mononucleotide from nicotinamide (Nam). … The diverse functions of NAD suggest that NAMPT inhibitors are potential drug candidates as anticancer agents, immunomodulators, or other agents. …
• NAID 130003382094

• Repression of Tropolone Production and Induction of a Burkholderia plantarii Pseudo-Biofilm by Carot-4-en-9, 10-diol, a Cell-to-Cell Signaling Disrupter Produced by Trichoderma virens

• Wang Mengcen,Hashimoto Makoto,Hashidoko Yasuyuki
• Plos one 8(11), 2013-11-04
• … Background: The tropolone-tolerant Trichoderma virens PS1-7 is a biocontrol agent against Burkholderia plantarii, causative of rice seedling blight. … When exposed to catechol, this fungus dose-dependently produced carot-4-en-9,10-diol,a sesquiterpene-type autoregulatory signal molecule that promotes self-conidiation of T. … virens PS1-7 attenuates the symptom development of the rice seedlings infested with B. …
• NAID 120005365919

Related Links

• WHO | Mode of Action Framework (for cancer and non-cancer ...

Mode of Action Framework (for cancer and non-cancer risk assessment) In 2001 the IPCS Conceptual Framework for Evaluating an (animal) Mode of Action for Chemical Carcinogenesis was published. This framework provided a ...

• Mode of Action - YouTube

A brief animation, demonstrating the affect of aminoglycosides on protein synthesis. Created for an MSc course at the University of Westminster, using Microsoft Powerpoint, and captured using Camtasia ...

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「作用機序」「action mechanism」「作用様式」
関連記事	「mode」「action」

「作用機序」

　　[★]

英

mechanism of action, mode of action, MOA

関

薬理学

• 化学的機序

制酸剤、penicillamine, BAL

• 物理化学的機序

mannitol

• 生化学的機序

choline esterase阻害薬、monoamine oxidase阻害薬

angiotensin変換酵素阻害薬、alloprinol

強心配糖体、炭酸脱水酵素阻害剤

• 生理学的機序

Ca拮抗薬

• 生体内情報伝達系を介する機序

「action mechanism」

　　[★]

• 作用機序、作用機構

関

mechanism of action、mode of action

「作用様式」

　　[★]

英

mode of action

関

作用機序

「mode」

　　[★]

• n.

• モード、型、機序、方法

関

fashion、form、manner、means、mechanism、method、pattern、procedure、process、type、typed、way

　 　 　 　

「action」

　　[★]

• n.

• 作用、作動、行為、措置

関

act、behavior、conduct、effect、operate、operating、operation、regimen