同: li

WordNet

Chinese distance measure; approximately 0.5 kilometers
fasten or secure with chains; "Chain the chairs together"
a unit of length
a necklace made by a stringing objects together; "a string of beads"; "a strand of pearls"; (同)string, strand
a linked or connected series of objects; "a chain of daisies"
a series of (usually metal) rings or links fitted into one another to make a flexible ligament
anything that acts as a restraint
(chemistry) a series of linked atoms (generally in an organic molecule) (同)chemical chain
a series of things depending on each other as if linked together; "the chain of command"; "a complicated concatenation of circumstances" (同)concatenation
(business) a number of similar establishments (stores or restaurants or banks or hotels or theaters) under one ownership
connect or arrange into a chain by linking
unaffected by a designated operation or transformation
a feature (quantity or property or function) that remains unchanged when a particular transformation is applied to it
British biochemist (born in Germany) who isolated and purified penicillin, which had been discovered in 1928 by Sir Alexander Fleming (1906-1979) (同)Ernst Boris Chain, Sir Ernst Boris Chain
bound with chains; "enchained demons strained in anger to gnaw on his bones"; "prisoners in chains" (同)enchained

PrepTutorEJDIC

『鎖』;(装飾用の)鎖 / 《複数形で》『束縛』,拘束;囚人をつなぐ鎖 / (物事の)『連続』,つながり《+『of』+『名』》 / (商店・銀行・ホテルなどの)チェーン(一連の店が同一資本のもとで連携して経営される方式;その店) / チェーン(測量で用いられる単位;約21.7m) / …'を'『鎖でつなぐ』《+『up』(『together』)+『名,』+『名』+『up』(『together』)》

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/12/20 21:26:18」(JST)

wiki en

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen gamma chain also known as HLA-DR antigens-associated invariant chain or CD74 (Cluster of Differentiation 74), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD74 gene.^[1]^[2] The invariant chain (Abbreviated Ii) is a polypeptide involved in the formation and transport of MHC class II protein.^[3] The cell surface form of the invariant chain is known as CD74.

Function

The nascent MHC class II protein in the rough ER has its peptide-binding cleft blocked by the invariant chain (Ii; a trimer) to prevent it from binding cellular peptides or peptides from the endogenous pathway. The invariant chain also facilitates MHC class II's export from the ER in a vesicle. The signal for endosomal targeting resides in the cytoplasmic tail of the invariant chain. This fuses with a late endosome containing the endocytosed, degraded proteins. It is then cleaved by cathepsin S (cathepsin L in cortical thymic epithelial cells), leaving only a small fragment called CLIP which blocks peptide binding until HLA-DM binds to MHC II, releasing CLIP and allowing other peptides to bind. The stable MHC class-II is then presented on the cell surface.

Possible interactions

In limited cases, CD74 might interact with Macrophage migration inhibitory factor.^[4]

References

^ Claesson L, Larhammar D, Rask L, Peterson PA (December 1983). "cDNA clone for the human invariant gamma chain of class II histocompatibility antigens and its implications for the protein structure". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80 (24): 7395–9. doi:10.1073/pnas.80.24.7395. PMC 389957. PMID 6324166.
^ Kudo J, Chao LY, Narni F, Saunders GF (December 1985). "Structure of the human gene encoding the invariant gamma-chain of class II histocompatibility antigens". Nucleic Acids Res. 13 (24): 8827–41. doi:10.1093/nar/13.24.8827. PMC 318954. PMID 3001652.
^ Cresswell P (1994). "Assembly, transport, and function of MHC class II molecules". Annu. Rev. Immunol. 12: 259–93. doi:10.1146/annurev.iy.12.040194.001355. PMID 8011283.
^ Shan ZX, Lin QX, Deng CY, Tan HH, Kuang SJ, Xiao DZ, Zhu JN, Fu YH, Yu XY (December 2009). "[Identification of the interactions between the truncated fragments of macrophage migration inhibitory factor and CD74 using a yeast two-hybrid system]". Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao (in Chinese) 29 (12): 2383–6, 2390. PMID 20034881. Wang F, Shen X, Guo X, Peng Y, Liu Y, Xu S, Yang J (February 2010). "Spinal macrophage migration inhibitory factor contributes to the pathogenesis of inflammatory hyperalgesia in rats". Pain 148 (2): 275–83. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2009.11.011. PMID 20005040. Dobson SE, Augustijn KD, Brannigan JA, Schnick C, Janse CJ, Dodson EJ, Waters AP, Wilkinson AJ (December 2009). "The crystal structures of macrophage migration inhibitory factor from Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium berghei". Protein Sci. 18 (12): 2578–91. doi:10.1002/pro.263. PMC 2798171. PMID 19827093. Piette C, Deprez M, Roger T, Noël A, Foidart JM, Munaut C (November 2009). "The Dexamethasone-induced Inhibition of Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion in Glioma Cell Lines Is Antagonized by Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) and Can Be Enhanced by Specific MIF Inhibitors". J. Biol. Chem. 284 (47): 32483–92. doi:10.1074/jbc.M109.014589. PMC 2781663. PMID 19759012. Verjans E, Noetzel E, Bektas N, Schütz AK, Lue H, Lennartz B, Hartmann A, Dahl E, Bernhagen J (2009). "Dual role of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in human breast cancer". BMC Cancer 9: 230. doi:10.1186/1471-2407-9-230. PMC 2716369. PMID 19602265.

External links

CD74 protein, human at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
Overview at Davidson College (student generated)
School of Crystallography The Invariant Chain

This membrane protein–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 免疫グロブリン軽鎖（AL）アミロイドーシスおよび軽鎖重鎖沈着症の病因 pathogenesis of immunoglobulin light chain al amyloidosis and light and heavy chain deposition diseases
2. 免疫グロブリン軽鎖（AL）アミロイドーシスおよび軽鎖重鎖沈着症の予後および治療 prognosis and treatment of immunoglobulin light chain al amyloidosis and light and heavy chain deposition diseases
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4. BおよびTリンパ球の正常な発生 normal b and t lymphocyte development
5. T細胞受容体シグナル伝達 t cell receptor signaling

English Journal

Adenovirus-Based Vaccine against Listeria monocytogenes: Extending the Concept of Invariant Chain Linkage.

Jensen S, Steffensen MA, Jensen BA, Schlüter D, Christensen JP, Thomsen AR.SourceDepartment of International Health, Immunology, and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950).J Immunol.2013 Oct 15;191(8):4152-64. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301290. Epub 2013 Sep 16.
The use of replication-deficient adenoviruses as vehicles for transfer of foreign genes offers many advantages in a vaccine setting, eliciting strong cellular immune responses involving both CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells. Further improving the immunogenicity, tethering of the inserted target Ag to MHC c
PMID 24043891

Mimicry epitope from Ehrlichia canis for interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein 201-216 prevents autoimmune uveoretinitis by acting as altered peptide ligand.

Gangaplara A, Massilamany C, Steffen D, Reddy J.SourceSchool of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States.
Journal of neuroimmunology.J Neuroimmunol.2013 Oct 15;263(1-2):98-107. doi: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2013.08.006. Epub 2013 Aug 17.
We report here identification of novel mimicry epitopes for interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) 201-216, a candidate ocular antigen that causes experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) in A/J mice. One mimicry epitope from Ehrlichia canis (EHC), designated EHC 44-59, induced cross-
PMID 24029580

HLA-DO increases bacterial superantigen binding to human MHC molecules by inhibiting dissociation of class II-associated invariant chain peptides.

Pezeshki AM, Azar GA, Mourad W, Routy JP, Boulassel MR, Denzin LK, Thibodeau J.SourceLaboratoire d'Immunologie Moléculaire, Département de Microbiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, H3C 3J7, Canada.
Human immunology.Hum Immunol.2013 Oct;74(10):1280-7. doi: 10.1016/j.humimm.2013.05.010. Epub 2013 Jun 10.
HLA-DO (H2-O in mice) is an intracellular non-classical MHC class II molecule (MHCII). It forms a stable complex with HLA-DM (H2-M in mice) and shapes the MHC class II-associated peptide repertoire. Here, we tested the impact of HLA-DO and H2-O on the binding of superantigens (SAgs), which has been
PMID 23756162

Japanese Journal

Stochastic Bifurcations in the Plankton-fish System

システム制御情報学会論文誌 28(12), 453-459, 2015
NAID 130005138175

Stochastic Bifurcation in the Plankton System under the Fish School

Proceedings of the ISCIE International Symposium on Stochastic Systems Theory and its Applications 2015(0), 225-230, 2015
NAID 130005107453

Synthesis and Self-Assembly of His-tag Hybrid of Substrate-Binging Short Domain in Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Type 1 for Vanillin Sensing Application

Transactions of the Materials Research Society of Japan 40(2), 175-178, 2015
NAID 130005089539

Related Pictures

Chapter 5 Immunology The Invariant Chain Guides Transport of Class Ii Mhc Molecules to Endocytic Vesicles MHC class II antigen presentation on Behance Invariant Chain Structure and MHC Class II Function: Cell BIOL 3240 Ch. 5 - Biological Sciences 324 with Kittlesen at University of Virginia PPT - Basic Immunology PowerPoint Presentation - ID:5332084 CD74 Protein Overview: Sequence, Structure, Function and Protein Interaction | Sino

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「インバリアント鎖」
関連記事	「invariant」「chain」

「インバリアント鎖」

CD74 molecule, major histocompatibility complex, class II invariant chain
	; PDB rendering based on 1icf.
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	1A6A, 1ICF, 1IIE, 1L3H, 1MUJ, 3PDO, 3PGC, 3PGD, 3QXA, 3QXD, 4AEN, 4AH2
Identifiers
Symbols	CD74 ; DHLAG; HLADG; II; Ia-GAMMA
External IDs	OMIM: 142790 MGI: 96534 HomoloGene: 3209 ChEMBL: 4692 GeneCards: CD74 Gene
Gene ontology
Molecular function	• beta-amyloid binding; • cytokine receptor activity; • protein binding; • cytokine binding; • MHC class II protein complex binding; • macrophage migration inhibitory factor binding; • MHC class II protein binding; • MHC class II protein binding, via antigen binding groove; • identical protein binding; • protein binding involved in protein folding; • nitric-oxide synthase binding;
Cellular component	• Golgi membrane; • intracellular; • lysosomal membrane; • multivesicular body; • vacuole; • plasma membrane; • external side of plasma membrane; • cell surface; • ER to Golgi transport vesicle membrane; • membrane; • integral component of membrane; • transport vesicle membrane; • endocytic vesicle membrane; • clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membrane; • trans-Golgi network membrane; • macrophage migration inhibitory factor receptor complex; • NOS2-CD74 complex; • MHC class II protein complex; • lysosomal lumen; • extracellular vesicular exosome; • integral component of lumenal side of endoplasmic reticulum membrane;
Biological process	• activation of MAPK activity; • prostaglandin biosynthetic process; • positive regulation of cytokine-mediated signaling pathway; • positive regulation of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation; • negative regulation of peptide secretion; • positive regulation of type 2 immune response; • negative regulation of mature B cell apoptotic process; • protein complex assembly; • intracellular protein transport; • defense response; • signal transduction; • cell proliferation; • immunoglobulin mediated immune response; • antigen processing and presentation of endogenous antigen; • antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II; • positive regulation of B cell proliferation; • macrophage migration inhibitory factor signaling pathway; • regulation of macrophage activation; • negative regulation of apoptotic process; • negative regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator; • T cell selection; • positive thymic T cell selection; • negative thymic T cell selection; • negative regulation of T cell differentiation; • positive regulation of T cell differentiation; • positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation; • positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation; • chaperone mediated protein folding requiring cofactor; • positive regulation of macrophage cytokine production; • positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade; • positive regulation of neutrophil chemotaxis; • negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator; • positive regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production;
	Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
	More reference expression data
Orthologs
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