WordNet

perform mathematical and logical operations on (data) according to programmed instructions in order to obtain the required information; "The results of the elections were still being processed when he gave his acceptance speech"
a sustained phenomenon or one marked by gradual changes through a series of states; "events now in process"; "the process of calcification begins later for boys than for girls" (同)physical process
(psychology) the performance of some composite cognitive activity; an operation that affects mental contents; "the process of thinking"; "the cognitive operation of remembering" (同)cognitive_process, mental_process, operation, cognitive operation
a natural prolongation or projection from a part of an organism either animal or plant; "a bony process" (同)outgrowth, appendage
a mental process that you are not directly aware of; "the process of denial" (同)unconscious process
subject to a process or treatment, with the aim of readying for some purpose, improving, or remedying a condition; "process cheese"; "process hair"; "treat the water so it can be drunk"; "treat the lawn with chemicals" ; "treat an oil spill" (同)treat
deal with in a routine way; "Ill handle that one"; "process a loan"; "process the applicants"
of or characteristic of low rank or importance
one of lesser rank or station or quality
having an orbit between the sun and the Earths orbit; "Mercury and Venus are inferior planets"
lower than a given reference point; "inferior alveolar artery"
of low or inferior quality
preparing or putting through a prescribed procedure; "the processing of newly arrived immigrants"; "the processing of ore to obtain minerals"
relating to or affecting the joints of the body; "the articular surfaces of bones"; "articular disease" (同)articulary
subjected to a special process or treatment; "prepared ergot"; "processed cheeses are easy to spread"
prepared or converted from a natural state by subjecting to a special process; "processed ores"

PrepTutorEJDIC

(自然の)『作用』,過程 / (物事の)『手順』,方法 / (技術上の)製法,工程 / 召喚状,出頭令状;訴訟過程 / (動植物の組織の)隆起,突起 / 加工(処理,調整)した / 〈食品〉‘を'加工する / 〈写真フイルム〉‘を'現像する / 〈資料〉‘を'コンピューターにかける / …‘を'一定の手順で処理する,(整理する,調査する)
(階級・親分・質・程度などが)『下の』,『劣る』, / (位置が)低い,下方の / 目下の者;劣った人
関節の,分節の

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/01/20 18:18:19」(JST)

wiki en

The articular processes or zygapophyses (Greek ζυγον = "yoke" (because it links two vertebrae) + απο = "away" + φυσις = "process") of a vertebra, are projections of the vertebra that serve the purpose of fitting with an adjacent vertebra. The actual region of contact is called the articular facet.^[1]

Articular processes spring from the junctions of the pedicles and laminæ, and there are two right and left, and two superior and inferior. These stick out of an end of a vertebra to lock with a zygapophysis on the next vertebra, to make the backbone more stable.

The superior processes or prezygapophysis project upward from a lower vertebra, and their articular surfaces are directed more or less backward.
The inferior processes or postzygapophysis project downward from a higher vertebra, and their articular surfaces are directed more or less forward and outward.

The articular surfaces are coated with hyaline cartilage.

In the cervical vertebral column, the articular processes collectively form the articular pillars. These are the bony surfaces palpated just lateral to the spinous processes.

Additional images

Cervical vertebra
Median sagittal section of two lumbar vertebræ and their ligaments.

References

^ Moore, Keith L. et al. (2010) Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 6th Ed, p.442 fig. 4.2

This article incorporates text from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy.

External links

Bioweb at UWLAX aplab
Atlas image: back_bone28 at the University of Michigan Health System - "Lumbar Vertebral Column, Posterolateral View"
Anatomy figure: 02:01-09 at Human Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "Superior and lateral views of typical vertebrae."
articular+process at eMedicine Dictionary
‹ The template below (WaynesburgAnatomicModel) is being considered for deletion. See templates for discussion to help reach a consensus.›

Photo of model at Waynesburg College skeleton2/inferiorarticularprocess

‹ The template below (WaynesburgAnatomicModel) is being considered for deletion. See templates for discussion to help reach a consensus.›

Photo of model at Waynesburg College skeleton2/superiorarticularprocess

This human musculoskeletal system article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

[Analysis and discussion on the facet of the spinal column, spiral CT lock multiplanar reconstruction and  3D reconstruction].

Zheng Z1, Wang S1, Si D1.
Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences.Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban.2015 Oct 28;40(10):1143-7.DOI:10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2015.10.015.
in

English, Chinese目的：探讨脊柱椎关节突交锁螺旋CT的多平面重建(multiplanar reconstruction，MPR)和三维(three dimension，3D)重建图像的特点及在诊断中的作用。方法：选取本院近年来31例诊断为脊柱椎关节突交锁的患者，回顾性分析其�

PMID 26541851

3D morphometric analysis of laminae and facet joints in patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis.

Matsuo Y1, Kaito T, Iwasaki M, Sugiura T, Fujimori T, Nagamoto Y, Kashii M, Murase T, Yoshikawa H, Sugamoto K.
Modern rheumatology / the Japan Rheumatism Association.Mod Rheumatol.2015 Sep;25(5):756-60. doi: 10.3109/14397595.2015.1008673. Epub 2015 Jun 17.
OBJECTIVE: To clarify the three-dimensional (3D) morphometric characteristics of the spine in patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS).METHODS: 3D morphometric analyses of laminae and facets were performed and compared for a DS group, an age-matched spinal canal stenosis (LCS) group, and a
PMID 25608047

[Swimming, physical activity and health: a historical perspective].

Conti AA1.
La Clinica terapeutica.Clin Ter.2015 Jul-Aug;166(4):179-182. doi: 10.7417/CT.2015.1867.
Swimming, which is the coordinated and harmonic movement of the human body inside a liquid medium by means of the combined action of the superior and inferior limbs, is a physical activity which is diffused throughout the whole world and it is practiced by healthy and non-healthy subjects. Swimming
PMID 26378756

Japanese Journal

Comparison between normal and loose fragment chondrocytes in proliferation and redifferentiation potential

Sakata Kenichiro,Furumatsu Takayuki,Miyazawa Shinichi,Okada Yukimasa,Fujii Masataka,Ozaki Toshifumi
International Orthopaedics 37(1), 159-165, 2013-01
… Cells were prepared from normal articular cartilages and loose fragment cartilages derived from knee OCD and SONK. … Expression of chondrogenic marker genes was inferior in SONK pellets. … Our results suggest that chondrogenic properties of loose fragment-derived cells and the amount of CD166-positive cells may affect the repair process of osteochondral defects. …
NAID 120005425668

Symptomatic Osteochondroma of Lumbosacral Spine: Report of 5 Cases

KURAISHI Keita,HANAKITA Junya,TAKAHASHI Toshiyuki,WATANABE Mizuki,HONDA Fumiaki
Neurologia medico-chirurgica, 2013
… all from L4 inferior articular process and presented L5 radiculopathy, the other one case originated from the sacrum; … the case from S1 superior articular process presented L5 radiculopathy. …
NAID 130003383234

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「下関節突起」
関連記事	「process」「inferior」「processing」「inferio」「articular process」

「下関節突起」

Articular processes
	A cervical vertebra. (Superior and inferior processes labeled at right.)
	A thoracic vertebra. (Superior labeled at top; inferior labeled at bottom.)
Details
Latin	Processus articularis inferior vertebrae,; processus articularis superior vertebrae
Identifiers
Gray's	p.97
Dorlands; /Elsevier	p_34/12667306
TA	A02.2.01.014; A02.2.01.016
FMA	FMA:11952
	Anatomical terms of bone