関: articular process、condylar process、zygapophyseal

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/12/14 15:22:12」(JST)

wiki en

The articular processes or zygapophyses (Greek ζυγον = "yoke" (because it links two vertebrae) + απο = "away" + φυσις = "process") of a vertebra, are projections of the vertebra that serve the purpose of fitting with an adjacent vertebra. The actual region of contact is called the articular facet.^[1]

Articular processes spring from the junctions of the pedicles and laminæ, and there are two right and left, and two superior and inferior. These stick out of an end of a vertebra to lock with a zygapophysis on the next vertebra, to make the backbone more stable.

The superior processes or prezygapophysis project upward from a lower vertebra, and their articular surfaces are directed more or less backward.
The inferior processes or postzygapophysis project downward from a higher vertebra, and their articular surfaces are directed more or less forward and outward.

The articular surfaces are coated with hyaline cartilage.

In the cervical vertebral column, the articular processes collectively form the articular pillars. These are the bony surfaces palpated just lateral to the spinous processes.

Additional images

Cervical vertebra
Median sagittal section of two lumbar vertebræ and their ligaments.

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

^ Moore, Keith L. et al. (2010) Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 6th Ed, p.442 fig. 4.2

External links

aplab - BioWeb at University of Wisconsin System
Atlas image: back_bone28 at the University of Michigan Health System - "Lumbar Vertebral Column, Posterolateral View"
Anatomy figure: 02:01-09 at Human Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "Superior and lateral views of typical vertebrae."
Photo of model at Waynesburg College skeleton2/inferiorarticularprocess
Photo of model at Waynesburg College skeleton2/superiorarticularprocess

This human musculoskeletal system article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

English Journal

Placement of the diaphragmatic vertebra in catarrhines: implications for the evolution of dorsostability in hominoids and bipedalism in hominins.

Williams SA1.
American journal of physical anthropology.Am J Phys Anthropol.2012 May;148(1):111-22. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.22049. Epub 2012 Mar 15.
A fundamental adaptation to orthograde posture and locomotion amongst living hominoid primates is a numerically reduced lumbar column, which acts to stiffen the lower back and reduce injuries to the intervertebral discs. A related and functionally complementary strategy of spinal stability is a caud
PMID 22419482

The numbers of vertebrae in three African cercopithecine species.

Clauser DA.
Folia primatologica; international journal of primatology.Folia Primatol (Basel).1975;23(4):308-19.
The number of precaudal vertebrae in the three African cercopithecine species are analyzed, with two definitions for thoracic and lumbar vertebrae compared. It is found that generic averages obscure some rather substantial differences at the species level for both Cercopithecus and Cercocebus. Furth
PMID 1137973

Japanese Journal

骨骼系, 主として頭蓋骨より観たるボラ科魚類の再検討

魚類学雑誌 1(4), 238-250, 1951
NAID 130003825820

「zygapophyseal」

Articular processes
	A cervical vertebra. (Superior and inferior processes labeled at right.)
	A thoracic vertebra. (Superior labeled at top; inferior labeled at bottom.)
Details
Latin	Processus articularis inferior vertebrae,; processus articularis superior vertebrae
Identifiers
Gray's	p.97
Dorlands; /Elsevier	p_34/12667306
TA	A02.2.01.014; A02.2.01.016
FMA	11952
	Anatomical terms of bone