前枝
WordNet
- strike or drive against with a heavy impact; "ram the gate with a sledgehammer"; "pound on the door" (同)ram down, pound
- uncastrated adult male sheep; "a British term is `tup" (同)tup
- a tool for driving or forcing something by impact
- toward or on or near the belly (front of a primate or lower surface of a lower animal); "the ventral aspect of the human body"; "the liver is somewhat ventral in position"; "ventral (or pelvic) fins correspond to the hind limbs of a quadruped"
- the posterior part of the mandible that is more or less vertical
PrepTutorEJDIC
- (去勢しない)雄羊 / 破城づち(先に鉄のつめのついたさおで,戸・城壁などを破るのに用いた) / くい打ち機 / (…に)…‘を'激しく打ちつける(打ち込む)《+『名』+『against』(『into』)+『名』》 / …‘に'激突する / (…に)…‘を'詰め込む,押し込む《+『名』+『into』(in, down』)+『名』》 / (…に)激突する《+『against』(『into』)+『名』》
- 腹の,腹部の
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/04/22 22:46:36」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
| Nerve: Ventral ramus |
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| The formation of the spinal nerve from the dorsal and ventral roots. (Ventral ramus labeled at lower left.) |
| Latin |
ramus anterior nervi spinalis |
| Gray's |
subject #210 925 |
The ventral ramus (anterior ramus, anterior branch, anterior divisions of the spinal nerves) supply the antero-lateral parts of the trunk, and the limbs; they are for the most part larger than the posterior divisions.
In the thoracic region they remain distinct from each other and each innervates a narrow strip of muscle and skin along the sides, chest, ribs, and abdominal wall. These rami are called the intercostal nerves. In regions other than the thoracic, ventral rami converge with each other to form networks of nerves called nerve plexuses. Within each plexus, fibers from the various ventral rami branch and become redistributed so that each nerve exiting the plexus has fibers from several different spinal nerves. One advantage to having plexuses is that damage to a single spinal nerve will not completely paralyze a limb.
There are four main plexuses formed by the ventral rami: The cervical plexus contains ventral rami from spinal nerves C1-C4. Branches of the cervical plexus, which include the phrenic nerve, innervate muscles of the neck, the diaphragm, and the skin of the neck and upper chest. The brachial plexus contains ventral rami from spinal nerves C5-T1. This plexus innervates the pectoral girdle and upper limb. The lumbar plexus contains ventral rami from spinal nerves L1-L4. The sacral plexus contains ventral rami from spinal nerves L4-S4. The lumbar and sacral plexuses innervate the pelvic girdle and lower limbs.
The Ventral rami, including the sinuvertebral nerve branches, supply structures anterior to the facet joint, including the vertebral bodies, the discs and their ligaments, and joins other spinal nerves to form the lumbo-sacral plexus.
External links
- terminologyanatplanes at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (typicalspinalnerve)
- Atlas of anatomy at UMich abdo_wall72 - "Lumbosacral plexus"
This article was originally based on an entry from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy. As such, some of the information contained within it may be outdated.
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Histology: nervous tissue (TA A14, GA 9.849, TH H2.00.06, H3.11)
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| CNS |
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General
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Grey matter · White matter (Projection fibers · Association fiber · Commissural fiber · Lemniscus · Funiculus · Fasciculus · Decussation · Commissure) · meninges
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Neuroglia
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Myelination: Oligodendrocyte
Astrocyte (Radial glial cell) · Ependymal cells (Tanycyte) · Microglia
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Other
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Pyramidal · Purkinje · Granule
Neuropil
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| PNS |
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General
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Posterior (Root, Ganglion, Ramus) · Anterior (Root, Ramus) · rami communicantes (Gray, White) · Autonomic ganglion (Preganglionic nerve fibers · Postganglionic nerve fibers)
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Connective tissues
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epineurium · perineurium · endoneurium · nerve fascicle
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Neuroglia
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Myelination: Schwann cell (Neurolemma, Myelin incisure, Myelin sheath gap, Internodal segment)
Satellite glial cell
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Neurons/
nerve fibers |
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Parts
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Perikaryon (Axon hillock)
Axon (Axon terminals, Axoplasm, Axolemma, Neurofibril/neurofilament)
Dendrite (Nissl body, Dendritic spine, Apical dendrite/Basal dendrite)
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Types
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Bipolar · Unipolar · Pseudounipolar · Multipolar · Interneuron (Renshaw)
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Afferent nerve fiber/
Sensory nerve
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GSA · GVA · SSA · SVA
fibers (Ia, Ib or Golgi, II or Aβ, III or Aδ or fast pain, IV or C or slow pain)
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Efferent nerve fiber/
Motor nerve
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GSE · GVE · SVE
Upper motor neuron · Lower motor neuron (α motorneuron, γ motorneuron, β motorneuron)
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| Termination |
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Synapse
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Electrical synapse/Gap junction · Chemical synapse (Synaptic vesicle, Active zone, Postsynaptic density) · Ribbon synapse · Neuromuscular junction
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Sensory receptors
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Meissner's corpuscle · Merkel nerve ending · Pacinian corpuscle · Ruffini ending · Muscle spindle · Free nerve ending · Olfactory receptor neuron · Photoreceptor cell · Hair cell · Taste bud
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anat(n/s/m/p/4/e/b/d/c/a/f/l/g)/phys/devp
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noco(m/d/e/h/v/s)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr
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proc, drug(N1A/2AB/C/3/4/7A/B/C/D)
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anat(h/r/t/c/b/l/s/a)/phys(r)/devp/prot/nttr/nttm/ntrp
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noco/auto/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Primary afferent neurons containing calcitonin gene-related peptide but not substance P in forepaw skin, dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord of mice.
- Kestell GR1, Anderson RL1, Clarke JN1, Haberberger RV1, Gibbins IL1.
- The Journal of comparative neurology.J Comp Neurol.2015 May 23. doi: 10.1002/cne.23804. [Epub ahead of print]
- In mice dorsal root ganglia (DRG), some neurons express calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP) without substance P (SP, CGRP+ SP- ). The projections and functions of these neurons are unknown. Therefore, we combined in vitro axonal tracing with multiple-labelling immunohistochemistry to neurochemica
- PMID 26010480
- On the homology of the shoulder girdle in turtles.
- Nagashima H1, Sugahara F, Takechi M, Sato N, Kuratani S.
- Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution.J Exp Zool B Mol Dev Evol.2015 May;324(3):244-54. doi: 10.1002/jez.b.22584. Epub 2014 Jul 23.
- The shoulder girdle in turtles is encapsulated in the shell and has a triradiate morphology. Due to its unique configuration among amniotes, many theories have been proposed about the skeletal identities of the projections for the past two centuries. Although the dorsal ramus represents the scapular
- PMID 25052382
- Three new species of the Eriopisa group (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Eriopisidae) from Japan, with the description of a new genus.
- Ariyama H1.
- Zootaxa.Zootaxa.2015 Apr 23;3949(1):91-110. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.3949.1.4.
- Three new species of the Eriopisa group (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Eriopisidae) are described from coastal areas in Japan. Paraflagitopisa gen. nov. is established with P. excavata sp. nov. as its type species. This new genus is characterized by (1) entire lateral cephalic lobe, (2) unfused flagellum of
- PMID 25947793
Japanese Journal
- Proprioceptors involved in stinging response of the honeybee, Apis mellifera
- Two New Records of Anisogammarid Amphipods (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Gammaridea) from Japan
- Species diversity : an international journal for taxonomy, systematics, speciation, biogeography, and life history research of animals 13(1), 35-51, 2008-05-31
- NAID 110008511385
- Absence of scalenus anterior muscle.
Related Links
- anterior ramus of spinal nerve [TA] the larger, anterolaterally directed major terminal branch (with the posterior ramus) of all 31 pairs of mixed spinal nerves, formed at the intervertebral foramen. Most anterior rami, especially those ...
- Begrepet Ventral ramus er oppført i engelskspråklig Wikipedia. Der heter det: The ventral rami (anterior rami, anterior branch, anterior divisions of the spinal nerves) supply the antero-lateral parts of the trunk, and the limbs; they are for ...
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- ventral ramus
- ラ
- ramus ventralis
- 関
- 脊髄神経
[★]
- 関
- abdomen、abdominal、abdominis、belly、ventrad、ventrally
[★]
- 関
- branch