WordNet

involuntary movements of the eyeballs; its presence or absence is used to diagnose a variety of neurological and visual disorders

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/07/01 20:05:18」(JST)

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Horizontal optokinetic nystagmus.

The optokinetic reflex is a combination of a saccade and smooth pursuit eye movements. It is seen when an individual follows a moving object with their eyes, which then moves out of the field of vision at which point their eye moves back to the position it was in when it first saw the object. The reflex develops at about 6 months of age.^[1]

Optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) is nystagmus that occurs in response to a rotation movement. It is present normally. The optokinetic reflex allows the eye to follow objects in motion when the head remains stationary (e.g., observing individual telephone poles on the side of the road as one travels by them in a car).

Eliciting optokinetic nystagmus (OKN)

If an optokinetic drum is available, rotate the drum in front of the patient. Ask the patient to look at the drum as you rotate it slowly. If an optokinetic drum is not available, move a strip of paper with alternating 2-inch black and white strips across the patient's visual field. Pass it in front of the patient's eye at reading distance while instructing the patient to look at it as it rapidly moves by. With normal vision, a nystagmus develops in both adults and infants. The nystagmus consists of initial slow phases in the direction of the stimulus (smooth pursuits), followed by fast, corrective phases (saccade). Presence of nystagmus indicates an intact visual pathway. Another effective method is to hold a mirror in front of the patient and slowly rotate the mirror to either side of the patient. The patient with an intact visual pathway will maintain eye contact with herself or himself. This compelling optokinetic stimulus forces reflex slow eye movements.

OKN can be used as a crude assessment of the visual system, particularly in infants. When factitious blindness or malingering is suspected, check for optokinetic nystagmus to determine whether there is an intact visual pathway.

References

^ Atkinson J (1984). "Human visual development over the first 6 months of life. A review and a hypothesis". Hum Neurobiol 3 (2): 61–74. PMID 6378843.

External links

Optokinetic nystagmus testing

UpToDate Contents

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1. 幼児および小児における視覚の発達および視力評価 visual development and vision assessment in infants and children
2. 小児における急性視力低下へのアプローチ approach to acute vision loss in children
3. 眼振の概要 overview of nystagmus
4. 律動眼振 jerk nystagmus
5. 核間性眼筋麻痺 internuclear ophthalmoplegia

English Journal

Contributions of retinal direction-selective ganglion cells to optokinetic responses in mice.

Sugita Y, Miura K, Araki F, Furukawa T, Kawano K.SourceDepartment of Integrative Brain Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Konoe-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
The European journal of neuroscience.Eur J Neurosci.2013 Jun 12. doi: 10.1111/ejn.12284. [Epub ahead of print]
In the mouse retina, there are two distinct groups of direction-selective ganglion cells, ON and ON-OFF, that detect movement of visual images. To understand the roles of these cells in controlling eye movements, we studied the optokinetic responses (OKRs) of mutant mice with dysfunctional ON-bipola
PMID 23758086

Age-related changes of blood-oxygen-level-dependent signal dynamics during optokinetic stimulation.

Stefanova I, Stephan T, Becker-Bense S, Dera T, Brandt T, Dieterich M.SourceGraduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany. Electronic address: Iskra.Stefanova@med.uni-muenchen.de.
Neurobiology of aging.Neurobiol Aging.2013 Apr 28. pii: S0197-4580(13)00150-4. doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.03.031. [Epub ahead of print]
The present study aimed to reveal the effects of age on the temporal profile of the positive blood-oxygen-level-dependent response (PBR) during low-velocity optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) in healthy subjects. We were specifically interested in comparing these effects with the effects of age on the PBR
PMID 23628145

Japanese Journal

眼球運動積分器の単眼性と眼位依存性の評価 (ニューロコンピューティング)

岡村直樹,ベイカーロバート,平田豊
電子情報通信学会技術研究報告 : 信学技報 111(483), 221-226, 2012-03-14
NAID 40019223266

眼球運動積分器の単眼性と眼位依存性の評価

岡村直樹,ベイカーロバート,平田豊
電子情報通信学会技術研究報告. NC, ニューロコンピューティング 111(483), 221-226, 2012-03-07
我々は暗闇においてもサッカードによる視線移動後に眼位を保持する事ができる.これは,眼球運動積分器(NI)と呼ばれる脳内機構が,サッカードを生成する脳幹バースト細胞からの視線移動をトリガーするパルス状信号を積分し,ステップ状信号に変換することで実現されていると考えられている.また,金魚でも同様のNIが存在し,Area Iと呼ばれる部位の細胞群が積分後の情報を出力していることが示されている.しかしなが …
NAID 110009546315

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「視運動性眼振」「OKN」「視動眼振」

「視運動性眼振」

　　[★]

英: optokinetic nystagmus OKN
ラ: nystagmus optocyneticus
同: 視運動眼振、視動眼振、visual nystagmus、眼性眼振 ocular nystagmus
関: 鉄道眼振、眼振、眼球運動

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