WordNet

overwhelm with hilarity, pleasure, or admiration; "The comedian was so funny, he was killing me!"
cause to cease operating; "kill the engine"
destroy a vitally essential quality of or in; "Eating artichokes kills the taste of all other foods"
tire out completely; "The daily stress of her work is killing her"
the destruction of an enemy plane or ship or tank or missile; "the pilot reported two kills during the mission"
mark for deletion, rub off, or erase; "kill these lines in the Presidents speech" (同)obliterate, wipe_out
thwart the passage of; "kill a motion"; "he shot down the students proposal" (同)shoot down, defeat, vote down, vote out
be fatal; "cigarettes kill"; "drunken driving kills"
be the source of great pain for; "These new shoes are killing me!"
cause the death of, without intention; "She was killed in the collision of three cars"
cause to die; put to death, usually intentionally or knowingly; "This man killed several people when he tried to rob a bank"; "The farmer killed a pig for the holidays"
deprive of life; "AIDS has killed thousands in Africa"
hit with great force; "He killed the ball"
hit with so much force as to make a return impossible, in racket games; "She killed the ball"
a substance that retards or stops an activity
someone who causes the death of a person or animal (同)slayer
a difficulty that is hard to deal with; "that exam was a real killer"
a cellular structure that is postulated to exist in order to mediate between a chemical agent that acts on nervous tissue and the physiological response
restrictive of action; "a repressive regime"; "an overly strict and inhibiting discipline" (同)repressive, repressing

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈人・動物〉‘を'『殺す』,死亡させる / 〈植物〉‘を'枯らす / …‘を'だめにする,失わせる / 《話》…‘を'ひどく痛ませる(疲れさせる,不快にさせる) / 〈時間〉‘を'つぶす / 〈記事など〉‘を'没にする,握りつぶす / 人殺しをする / 殺すこと;(特に狩猟の)獲物をしとめること / (猟の)獲物
抑制する人(物) / 化学反応抑制剤
殺人者;屠殺(とさつ)者;殺し屋
=sense organ / 受信装置

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/02/28 12:16:10」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs), are a family of cell surface proteins found on important cells of the immune system called natural killer (NK) cells. They regulate the killing function of these cells by interacting with MHC class I molecules, which are expressed on all cell types. This interaction allows them to detect virally infected cells or tumor cells that have a characteristic low level of Class I MHC on their surface. Most KIRs are inhibitory, meaning that their recognition of MHC suppresses the cytotoxic activity of their NK cell. Only a limited number of KIRs have the ability to activate cells.^[1] KIR molecules are highly polymorphic, meaning their gene sequences differ greatly between individuals, so that different individuals possess different arrays/repertoires of KIR genes.^[2]

GenesEdit

two domains, long cytoplasmic tail: KIR2DL1, KIR2DL2, KIR2DL3, KIR2DL4, KIR2DL5A, KIR2DL5B,
two domains, short cytoplasmic tail: KIR2DS1, KIR2DS2, KIR2DS3, KIR2DS4, KIR2DS5
three domains, long cytoplasmic tail: KIR3DL1, KIR3DL2, KIR3DL3
three domains, short cytoplasmic tail: KIR3DS1

ReferencesEdit

^ Vilches C, Parham P (2002). "KIR: diverse, rapidly evolving receptors of innate and adaptive immunity". Annu Rev Immunol 20: 217–51. doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.20.092501.134942. PMID 11861603.
^ Uhrberg M (2005). "The KIR gene family: life in the fast lane of evolution". Eur J Immunol 35 (1): 10–5. doi:10.1002/eji.200425743. PMID 15580655.

External linksEdit

http://www.KIRtyping.info
The KIR Gene Cluster, NIH Bookshelf, PDF
killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

This article about a biochemical receptor is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

This immunology article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 造血細胞移植後の移植片対腫瘍効果の生物学 biology of the graft versus tumor effect following hematopoietic cell transplantation
2. 肥満細胞：表面受容体とシグナル伝達 mast cells surface receptors and signal transduction
3. ナチュラルキラー（NK）細胞大顆粒リンパ球性白血病 natural killer nk cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia
4. 新生児の免疫 immunity of the newborn
5. NK細胞欠損症候群：臨床症状および診断 nk cell deficiency syndromes clinical manifestations and diagnosis

English Journal

Cognate HLA absence in trans diminishes human NK cell education.

Landtwing V, Raykova A, Pezzino G, Béziat V, Marcenaro E, Graf C, Moretta A, Capaul R, Zbinden A, Ferlazzo G, Malmberg KJ, Chijioke O, Münz C.
The Journal of clinical investigation.J Clin Invest.2016 Oct 3;126(10):3772-3782. doi: 10.1172/JCI86923. Epub 2016 Aug 29.
NK cells are innate lymphocytes with protective functions against viral infections and tumor formation. Human NK cells carry inhibitory killer cell Ig-like receptors (KIRs), which recognize distinct HLAs. NK cells with KIRs for self-HLA molecules acquire superior cytotoxicity against HLA- tumor cell
PMID 27571408

Inflammatory gene expression profile and defective IFN-γ and granzyme K in natural killer cells of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients.

Put K1, Vandenhaute J1, Avau A1, Van Nieuwenhuijze A2, Brisse E1, Dierckx T3, Rutgeerts O4, Garcia-Perez J2, Toelen J5, Waer M4, Leclercq G6, Goris A7, Van Weyenbergh J3, Liston A2, de Somer L8, Wouters C9,10, Matthys P11.
Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.).Arthritis Rheumatol.2016 Oct 1. doi: 10.1002/art.39933. [Epub ahead of print]
OBJECTIVE: Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) is an immune-inflammatory disease characterized by arthritis and systemic features. The role of natural killer (NK) cells in sJIA pathogenesis remains unclear. Therefore, we performed a comprehensive analysis of NK cell phenotype and functiona
PMID 27696741

Study of genetic diversity of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor loci in the Tujia ethnic minority.

Wang HD1, Feng ZQ2, Shen CM3, Guo QN4, Dai PF5, Zhang YD6, Guo YX6, Yan JW7, Zhu BF8, Zhang L9.
Human immunology.Hum Immunol.2016 Oct;77(10):869-75. doi: 10.1016/j.humimm.2016.06.015. Epub 2016 Jun 23.
The aim of this study was to analyze the genetic profiles of 14 killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes and 2 pseudogenes of 124 individuals from Tujia ethnic minority residing in Enshi Tujia and Miao autonomous prefecture of Hubei province of China and investigate the genetic relations
PMID 27343992

Japanese Journal

3)免疫機構から見た流産の病態解明とその対策(シンポジウム1「流産の原因と対策」,第63回日本産科婦人科学会・学術講演会)

福井淳史
日本産科婦人科學會雜誌 63(12), 2167-2184, 2011-12-01
… Natural Killer (NK) cells play important roles in reproductive immunology. … The function of NK cells is regulated by several factors such as an expression of inhibitory and activating receptors on their surface, the number and ratio of NK cell population and their cytokine production. …
NAID 110008799036

2)流産における免疫学的機序の解明 : 免疫グロブリン治療は流産抑止に有効か(シンポジウム1「流産の原因と対策」,第63回日本産科婦人科学会・学術講演会)

島田茂樹
日本産科婦人科學會雜誌 63(12), 2153-2166, 2011-12-01
… B: In the endometrium at the midluteal phases, no significant differences in natural killer (NK) cell or natural killer T (NKT) cell percentages were found between RSA and control women. … F: A significant decrease in inhibitory CD158a expression was demonstrated in RSA women as compared with that in controls in peripheral NK cells at midluteal phases. …
NAID 110008799035

Differential effects of interleukin-12 and interleukin-15 on expansion of NK cell receptor-expressing CD8+ T cells

Sugita Junichi,Tanaka Junji,Yasumoto Atsushi,Shiratori Souichi,Wakasa Kentaro,Kikuchi Misato,Shigematsu Akio,Kondo Takeshi,Asaka Masahiro,Imamura Masahiro
Annals of Hematology 89(2), 115-120, 2010-02
… The cytolytic activity of cells expressing natural killer cell receptors (NKRs) depends on the balance between stimulatory and inhibitory signals. … We investigated both inhibitory NK receptor (CD94/NKG2A) expression and stimulatory NKR (NKG2D) expression on T cells after stimulation with cytokines (IL-12 or IL-15). …
NAID 120002725525

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