WordNet

a relative amount; "mix one volume of the solution with ten volumes of water"
the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object; "the gas expanded to twice its original volume"
the magnitude of sound (usually in a specified direction); "the kids played their music at full volume" (同)loudness, intensity
a publication that is one of a set of several similar publications; "the third volume was missing"; "he asked for the 1989 volume of the Annual Review"
the force applied to a unit area of surface; measured in pascals (SI unit) or in dynes (cgs unit); "the compressed gas exerts an increased pressure" (同)pressure level, force per unit area
an oppressive condition of physical or mental or social or economic distress
the somatic sensation that results from applying force to an area of skin; "the sensitivity of his skin to pressure and temperature was normal" (同)pressure_sensation
a force that compels; "the public brought pressure to bear on the government"
the trace of a point whose direction of motion changes (同)curved shape
a pitch of a baseball that is thrown with spin so that its path curves as it approaches the batter (同)curve ball, breaking ball, bender
a line on a graph representing data
furnished with volumes; "a large room volumed with ancient books"
(often used in combination) consisting of or having a given number or kind of volumes; "the poets volumed works"; "a two-volumed history"; "multi-volumed encyclopedias"; "large-volumed editions"
formed or rising in rounded masses; "gasping with the volumed smoke"
an inferior dog or one of mixed breed (同)mongrel, mutt
a cowardly and despicable person

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈C〉(特に分厚い)『本』,書物 / 〈C〉(シリーズものの)『巻』,冊(《略》(単数形で)vol.,(複数形で)vols.) / 〈U〉(…の)『体積』,容積《+of+名》 / 〈U〉〈C〉)…の)『量』,かさ《+of+名》 / 〈U〉(…の)『音量』,音の強さ,ボリューム《+of+名》 / 《複数形で》多量(の…),たくさん(の…)《+of+名》
〈U〉『押すこと』,『押しつけること』,圧搾,圧縮;〈C〉〈U〉『圧力』,圧力の強さ / 〈U〉『圧迫』,『強制』 / 〈U〉(不快な)圧迫感 / 〈C〉〈U〉(精神的な)重荷,苦脳;(時間・金銭的)切迫 / 〈U〉多忙,あわただしさ / 《おもに米》…‘に'圧力をかける,強制する(《英》pressurise)
『曲線』 / 『曲がり』,曲がったもの,湾曲部 / (野球で投球の)『カーブ』 / (…の方へ)『曲がる』,湾曲する《+『to』+『名』》 / …'を'曲げる;'を'湾曲させる
のら犬 / くだらない人間

UpToDate Contents

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1. 呼気終末陽圧（PEEP） positive end expiratory pressure peep
2. 軟髄膜転移の治療（癌性髄膜炎） treatment of leptomeningeal metastases carcinomatous meningitis
3. 成人の急性呼吸窮迫症候群における機械的人工換気 mechanical ventilation of adults in acute respiratory distress syndrome
4. 人工呼吸器関連肺傷害 ventilator associated lung injury
5. Pulmonary function testing in asthma

English Journal

Doppler flow velocity and intra-cranial pressure: responses to short-term mild hypocapnia help to assess the pressure-volume relationship after head injury.

Haubrich C1, Steiner LA, Diehl RR, Kasprowicz M, Smielewski P, Pickard JD, Czosnyka M.Author information 1Department of Academic Neurosurgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK. chaubrich@ukaachen.deAbstractTo anticipate an increase in intra-cranial pressure (ICP), information about pressure-volume (p/v) compliance is required. ICP monitoring often fails at this task after head injury. Could a test that transiently shifts intra-cranial blood volume produce consistent information about the p/v relationship? Doppler flow velocities in the middle cerebral arteries (left: 80.8 ± 34.7 cm/s; right: 65.9 ± 28.0 cm/s) and ICP (16.4 ± 6.7 mm Hg) were measured in 29 patients with head injury, before and during moderate hypocapnia (4.4 ± 3.0 kPa). The ratio of vasomotor response to change in ICP differed between those with high (left: 14.8 ± 6.9, right: 14.4 ± 6.6 cm/s/kPa/mm Hg) and low (left: 1.8 ± 0.6, right: 2.2 ± 0.9 cm/s/kPa/mm g) intra-cranial compliance. Additionally, the ratio identified 12 patients deviating from the classic non-linear p/v curve (left: 5.7 ± 1.3, right: 5.8 ± 1.0 cm/s/kPa/mm Hg). They exhibited an almost proportional relationship between vasomotor and ICP responses (R = 0.69, p < 0.01). Results suggest that a test that combines the responses of two intra-cranial compartments may provide consistent information about intra-cranial p/v compliance, even if the parameters derived from ICP monitoring are inconclusive.
Ultrasound in medicine & biology.Ultrasound Med Biol.2013 Sep;39(9):1521-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2013.03.020. Epub 2013 Jul 3.
To anticipate an increase in intra-cranial pressure (ICP), information about pressure-volume (p/v) compliance is required. ICP monitoring often fails at this task after head injury. Could a test that transiently shifts intra-cranial blood volume produce consistent information about the p/v relations
PMID 23830102

The intracranial volume pressure response in increased intracranial pressure patients: Part 1. Calculation of the volume pressure indicator.

Lai HY1, Lee CY, Hsu HH, Lee ST.Author information 1Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.AbstractBACKGROUND: The intracranial pressure (ICP) is usually continuously monitored in the management of patients with increased ICP. The aim of this study was to discover a mathematic equation to express the intracranial pressure-volume (P-V) curve and a single indicator to reflect the status of the curve.
Acta neurochirurgica.Acta Neurochir (Wien).2012 Dec;154(12):2271-5; discussion 2275. doi: 10.1007/s00701-010-0765-8. Epub 2010 Aug 18.
BACKGROUND: The intracranial pressure (ICP) is usually continuously monitored in the management of patients with increased ICP. The aim of this study was to discover a mathematic equation to express the intracranial pressure-volume (P-V) curve and a single indicator to reflect the status of the curv
PMID 20714759

Simulation of existing and future electromechanical shunt valves in combination with a model for brain fluid dynamics.

Elixmann IM1, Walter M, Kiefer M, Leonhardt S.Author information 1Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany. krause@hia.rwth-aachen.deAbstractSeveral models are available to simulate raised intracranial pressure (ICP) in hydrocephalus. However, the hydrodynamic effect of an implanted shunt has seldom been examined. In this study, the simple model of Ursino and Lodi [14]is extended to include (1) the effect of a typical ball-in-cone valve, (2) the effect of the size of the diameter of the connecting tube from valve to abdomen, and (3) the concept of a controlled electromechanical shunt valve in overall cerebrospinal fluid dynamics.By means of simulation, it is shown how a shunt can lower ICP. Simulation results indicate that P and B waves still exist but at a lower ICP level and that, due to the exponential pressure-volume curve, their amplitude is also considerably lowered. A waves only develop if the valve is partially blocked. The resulting ICP is above the opening pressure of the valve, depending on the drain and resistance of the shunt.The concept of a new electromechanical shunt was more successful than the traditional mechanical valves in keeping ICP at a desired level. The influence of the patient's movements or coughing on ICP as well as the body position affecting the reference ICP, which can be measured, has not yet been modeled and should be addressed in future using suitable algorithms.
Acta neurochirurgica. Supplement.Acta Neurochir Suppl.2012;113:77-81. doi: 10.1007/978-3-7091-0923-6_16.
Several models are available to simulate raised intracranial pressure (ICP) in hydrocephalus. However, the hydrodynamic effect of an implanted shunt has seldom been examined. In this study, the simple model of Ursino and Lodi [14]is extended to include (1) the effect of a typical ball-in-cone valve,
PMID 22116428