(chemistry) a substance formed by chemical union of two or more elements or ingredients in definite proportion by weight (同)chemical_compound
put or add together; "combine resources" (同)combine
an enclosure of residences and other building (especially in the Orient)
a whole formed by a union of two or more elements or parts
combine so as to form a whole; mix; "compound the ingredients" (同)combine
calculate principal and interest
composed of more than one part; "compound leaves are composed of several lobes; "compound flower heads"
consisting of two or more substances or ingredients or elements or parts; "soap is a compound substance"; "housetop is a compound word"; "a blackberry is a compound fruit"
relating or belonging to the class of compounds not having a carbon basis; "hydrochloric and sulfuric acids are called inorganic substances"
lacking the properties characteristic of living organisms
An inorganic compound is typically a chemical compound that lacks C-H bonds, that is, a compound that is not an organic compound, but the distinction is not defined or even of particular interest.[1][2][3]
Inorganic compounds comprise most of the Earth's crust, although the compositions of the deep mantle remain active areas of investigation.[4]
Some simple compounds that contain carbon are often considered inorganic. Examples include carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbonates, cyanides, cyanates, carbides, and thiocyanates. Many of these are normal parts of mostly organic systems, including organisms, which means that describing a chemical as inorganic does not obligately mean that it does not occur within living things.
Contents
1Wöhler synthesis
2Modern usage
3See also
4References
Wöhler synthesis
Friedrich Wöhler's conversion of ammonium cyanate into urea in 1828 is considered the starting point of modern organic chemistry.[5] The Wöhler synthesis is of great historical significance because for the first time an organic compound (urea) was produced from inorganic precursors (the salt ammonium cyanate). This finding contradicted the then-mainstream theory vitalism, which stated that organic matter possessed a special force or vital force inherent to all things living. Prior to Wöhler's experiment, a sharp boundary was thought to separate organic and inorganic compounds.
Modern usage
The Inorganic Crystal Structure Database (ICSD) in its definition of "inorganic" carbon compounds, states that such compounds may contain either C-H or C-C bonds, but not both.[6]
The book series Inorganic Syntheses does not define inorganic compounds. The majority of its content deals with metal complexes of organic ligands.[7]
IUPAC does not offer a definition of "inorganic" or "inorganic compound" but does define inorganic polymer as "...skeletal structure that does not include carbon atoms."[8]
See also
Inorganic compounds by element
List of inorganic compounds
List of named inorganic compounds
Mineral acid
References
^Major textbooks on inorganic chemistry decline to define inorganic compounds: Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. "Inorganic Chemistry" Academic Press: San Francisco, 2001. ISBN 0-12-352651-5; Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8., Cotton, F. Albert; Wilkinson, Geoffrey (1988), Advanced Inorganic Chemistry (5th ed.), New York: Wiley-Interscience, ISBN 0-471-84997-9
^J. J. Berzelius "Lehrbuch der Chemie," 1st ed., Arnoldischen Buchhandlung, Dresden and Leipzig, 1827. ISBN 1-148-99953-1. Brief English commentary in English can be found in Bent Soren Jorgensen "More on Berzelius and the vital force" J. Chem. Educ., 1965, vol. 42, p 394. doi:10.1021/ed042p394
^Dan Berger, Bluffton College, analysis of varying inappropriate definitions of the inorganic-organic distinction: Otherwise consistent linked material differing from current article in downplaying the carbon present vs carbon absent distinctive: [1]
^Newman, D. K.; Banfield, J. F. (2002). "Geomicrobiology: How Molecular-Scale Interactions Underpin Biogeochemical Systems". Science. 296 (5570): 1071–1077. doi:10.1126/science.1010716. PMID 12004119.
^May, Paul. "Urea". Molecules in Motion. Imperial College London. Archived from the original on 2015-03-17.
^"Inorganic Crystal Structure Database" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-08-30. Retrieved 2017-01-13.
Comparison of 10% potassium hydroxide solution versus cryotherapy in the treatment of molluscum contagiosum: an open randomized clinical trial.
Handjani F1, Behazin E, Sadati MS.Author information 1Department of Dermatology, Molecular Dermatology Research Center, Faghihi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran .AbstractINTRODUCTION: Molluscum contagiosum (MC) is a common cutaneous viral infection. Potassium hydroxide (KOH), as a strong alkali, and cryotherapy have been used for its treatment. The objective of this study was to compare these two treatment modalities.
The Journal of dermatological treatment.J Dermatolog Treat.2014 Jun;25(3):249-50. doi: 10.3109/09546634.2013.832135. Epub 2013 Aug 27.
INTRODUCTION: Molluscum contagiosum (MC) is a common cutaneous viral infection. Potassium hydroxide (KOH), as a strong alkali, and cryotherapy have been used for its treatment. The objective of this study was to compare these two treatment modalities.METHODS: 30 patients, aged between 1 and 24 years
Ozone gas effectively kills laboratory strains of Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes using an in vitro test system.
Gupta AK1, Brintnell W.Author information 1University of Toronto, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine.AbstractBACKGROUND: Ozone gas possesses antimicrobial potential against many microorganisms, however limited data exist on its effect on the keratinophilic dermatophyte fungi Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes; two organisms commonly isolated as the etiological agent in onychomycosis and tinea pedis patients.
The Journal of dermatological treatment.J Dermatolog Treat.2014 Jun;25(3):251-5. doi: 10.3109/09546634.2012.714456. Epub 2012 Sep 19.
BACKGROUND: Ozone gas possesses antimicrobial potential against many microorganisms, however limited data exist on its effect on the keratinophilic dermatophyte fungi Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes; two organisms commonly isolated as the etiological agent in onychomycosis and ti
Treatment of pediatric molluscum contagiosum with 10% potassium hydroxide solution.
Can B1, Topaloğlu F, Kavala M, Turkoglu Z, Zindancı I, Sudogan S.Author information 1Department of Dermatology, University of Medeniyet Goztepe Training and Research Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey.AbstractBACKGROUND: Molluscum contagiosum (MC) is a common cutaneous viral infection of the skin that is frequently seen in children. Although lesions can resolve spontaneously, treatment is mandatory because of the psychological effect of widespread lesions in children. Potassium hydroxide (KOH) is a strong alkali that has been used by dermatologists for a long time in identifying the fungal infections from skin scrapings.
The Journal of dermatological treatment.J Dermatolog Treat.2014 Jun;25(3):246-8. doi: 10.3109/09546634.2012.697988. Epub 2012 Jul 25.
BACKGROUND: Molluscum contagiosum (MC) is a common cutaneous viral infection of the skin that is frequently seen in children. Although lesions can resolve spontaneously, treatment is mandatory because of the psychological effect of widespread lesions in children. Potassium hydroxide (KOH) is a stron
… When saw-dust impregnated with potassium or sodium iodide or bromide was carbonized at 800 °C, chemical activation occurred and the carbonized sample had a larger specific surface area than one prepared by normal carbonization without using inorganic compounds. … It was also found that chemical activation did not occur in carbonization at 600 °C and that the chemical activation occurred at a higher carbonization temperature than the melting point of the inorganiccompound used. …
An inorganic compound is a compound that is not organic. The term is not well defined, but in its simplest definition refers simply to compounds that do not contain carbon, and not consisting of or deriving from living matter. Inorganic ...