inner mitochondrial membrane

WordNet

1. located or occurring within or closer to a center; "an inner room"
2. located inward; "Beethovens manuscript looks like a bloody record of a tremendous inner battle"- Leonard Bernstein; "she thinks she has no soul, no interior life, but the truth is that she has no access to it"- David Denby; "an internal sense of rightousness"- A.R.Gurney,Jr. (同)interior, internal
3. innermost or essential; "the inner logic of Cubism"; "the internal contradictions of the theory"; "the intimate structure of matter" (同)internal, intimate
4. exclusive to a center; especially a center of influence; "inner regions of the organization"; "inner circles of government"
5. inside or closer to the inside of the body; "the inner ear"
6. a thin pliable sheet of material
7. a pliable sheet of tissue that covers or lines or connects the organs or cells of animals or plants (同)tissue layer

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 『内側の』,『内部の』,奥の / 『精神の』,心の / 親密な;内密の
2. (生物の)膜,皮膜
3. 『宿屋』,小さな旅館

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/09/03 14:03:29」(JST)

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Cell biology
The mitochondrion
Components of a typical mitochondrion 1 Outer membrane 1.1 Porin 2 Intermembrane space 2.1 Intracristal space 2.2 Peripheral space 3 Lamella 3.1 Inner membrane   ◄ You are here 3.11 Inner boundary membrane 3.12 Cristal membrane 3.2 Matrix 3.3 Cristæ 4 Mitochondrial DNA 5 Matrix granule 6 Ribosome 7 ATP synthase

The inner mitochondria membrane (IMM) is the mitochondrial membrane which separates the mitochondrial matrix from the intermembrane space.

Structure

The structure of the inner mitochondrial membrane is extensively folded and compartmentalized. The numerous invaginations of the membrane are called cristae, separated by crista junctions from the inner boundary membrane juxtaposed to the outer membrane. Cristae significantly increase the total membrane surface area compared to a smooth inner membrane and thereby the available working space.

The inner membrane creates two compartments. The region between the inner and outer membrane, called the intermembrane space which is largely continuous with the cytosol, and the more sequestered space inside the inner membrane, called matrix.

Cristae

Main article: Cristae

For typical liver mitochondria, the area of the inner membrane is about 5x as large as the outer membrane due to cristae. This ratio is variable and mitochondria from cells that have a greater demand for ATP, such as muscle cells, contain even more cristae. Cristae membranes are studded on the matrix side with small round protein complexes known as F₁ particles, the site of proton-gradient driven ATP synthesis. Cristae affect overall chemiosmotic function of mitochondria.

Cristae junctions

Cristae and the inner boundary membranes are separated by junctions. The end of cristae are partially closed by transmembrane protein complexes that bind head to head and link opposing crista membranes in a bottleneck-like fashion. For example, deletion of the junction protein Mitofilin/Fcj1 leads to a reduced inner membrane potential and impaired growth and to dramatically aberrant inner membrane structures which form concentric stacks instead of the typical invaginations.

Composition

The inner membrane of mitochondria is similar in lipid composition to the membrane of bacteria. This phenomenon can be explained by the endosymbiont hypothesis of the origin of mitochondria as prokaryotes internalized by a eukaryotic host cell.

In pig heart mitochondria, phosphatidylethanolamine makes up the majority of the inner mitochondrial membrane at 37.0% of the phospholipid composition. Phosphatidylcholine makes up about 26.5%, cardiolipin 25.4%, and phosphatidylinositol 4.5%. In S. cerevisiae mitochondria, phosphatidylcholine makes up 38.4% of the IMM, phosphatidylethanolamine makes up 24.0%, phosphatidylinositol 16.2%, cardiolipin 16.1%, phosphatidylserine 3.8%, and phosphatidic acid 1.5%.

In the inner mitochondrial membrane, the protein-to-lipid ratio is 80:20, in contrast to the outer membrane, which is 50:50.

Permeability

The inner membrane is freely permeable only to oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water. It is much less permeable to ions and small molecules than the outer membrane, creating compartments by separating the matrix from the cytosolic environment. This compartmentalization is a necessary feature for metabolism. The inner mitochondrial membrane is both an electrical insulator and chemical barrier. Sophisticated ion transporters exist to allow specific molecules to cross this barrier. There are several antiport systems embedded in the inner membrane, allowing exchange of anions between the cytosol and the mitochondrial matrix.

IMM-associated proteins

• Electron transport chain

• NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone)
• Electron-transferring-flavoprotein dehydrogenase
• Electron-transferring flavoprotein
• Succinate dehydrogenase
• Alternative oxidase
• Cytochrome bc1 complex
• Cytochrome c
• Cytochrome c oxidase
• F-ATPase

• ATP–ADP translocase
• ATP-binding cassette transporter
• Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme
• Protein tyrosine phosphatase
• Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
• Carnitine O-acetyltransferase
• Carnitine O-octanoyltransferase
• Cytochrome P450
• Translocase of the inner membrane
• Glutamate aspartate transporter
• Pyrimidine metabolism

• Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase
• Thymidylate synthase (FAD)

• HtrA serine peptidase 2
• Adrenodoxin reductase
• Heme biosynthesis

• Protoporphyrinogen oxidase
• Ferrochelatase

• Uncoupling protein

See also

• Mitochondrial shuttle
• Proton gradient
• Citric acid cycle
• Transport proteins

External links

• Mitochondrial inner membrane (55 proteins) Orientations of Proteins in Membranes (OPM) database
• http://www.med.uiuc.edu/histo/small/atlas/objects/1340.htm

References

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. ミトコンドリア細胞症における腎病変 renal involvement in the mitochondrial cytopathies
• 2. ミトコンドリアの構造、機能、および遺伝学 mitochondrial structure function and genetics
• 3. ミトコンドリアミオパシー：臨床的特徴および診断 mitochondrial myopathies clinical features and diagnosis
• 4. ミトコンドリアミオパシー：治療 mitochondrial myopathies treatment
• 5. HIVヌクレオシド系逆転写酵素阻害剤のミトコンドリア毒性 mitochondrial toxicity of hiv nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

English Journal

• Transcriptional activation of LON Gene by a new form of mitochondrial stress: A role for the nuclear respiratory factor 2 in StAR overload response (SOR).

• Bahat A1, Perlberg S1, Melamed-Book N2, Isaac S3, Eden A3, Lauria I4, Langer T4, Orly J5.
• Molecular and cellular endocrinology.Mol Cell Endocrinol.2015 Jun 15;408:62-72. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.02.022. Epub 2015 Feb 24.
• High output of steroid hormone synthesis in steroidogenic cells of the adrenal cortex and the gonads requires the expression of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) that facilitates cholesterol mobilization to the mitochondrial inner membrane where the CYP11A1/P450scc enzyme complex con
• PMID 25724481

• The role of mitochondrial fusion and StAR phosphorylation in the regulation of StAR activity and steroidogenesis.

• Castillo AF1, Orlando U1, Helfenberger KE1, Poderoso C1, Podesta EJ2.
• Molecular and cellular endocrinology.Mol Cell Endocrinol.2015 Jun 15;408:73-79. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.12.011. Epub 2014 Dec 22.
• The steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein regulates the rate-limiting step in steroidogenesis, i.e. the delivery of cholesterol from the outer (OMM) to the inner (IMM) mitochondrial membrane. StAR is a 37-kDa protein with an N-terminal mitochondrial targeting sequence that is cleaved off dur
• PMID 25540920

• Functional proteomics of synaptic plasma membrane ATP-ases of rat hippocampus: Effect of l-acetylcarnitine and relationships with Dementia and Depression pathophysiology.

• Ferrari F1, Gorini A1, Villa RF2.
• European journal of pharmacology.Eur J Pharmacol.2015 Jun 5;756:67-74. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.03.011. Epub 2015 Mar 19.
• Synaptic energy state and mitochondrial dysfunction are crucial factors in many brain pathologies. l-acetylcarnitine, a natural derivative of carnitine, improves brain energy metabolism, and has been proposed for the Therapy of many neurological and psychiatric diseases. The effects of the drug on t
• PMID 25797282

Japanese Journal

• Increased Expression of Osteopontin in the Degenerating Striatum of Rats Treated with Mitochondrial Toxin 3-Nitropropionic Acid: A Light and Electron Microscopy Study

• ACTA HISTOCHEMICA ET CYTOCHEMICA 48(5), 135-143, 2015
• NAID 130005106596

• Effect of Carbenoxolone on Arrhythmogenesis in Rat Ventricular Muscle

• Circulation Journal advpub(0), 2015
• NAID 130005104920

• Increased Expression of Osteopontin in the Degenerating Striatum of Rats Treated with Mitochondrial Toxin 3-Nitropropionic Acid: A Light and Electron Microscopy Study

• ACTA HISTOCHEMICA ET CYTOCHEMICA advpub(0), 2015
• NAID 130005104780

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「mitochondrial membrane」「mitochondrial inner membrane」
関連記事	「inner」「mitochondrial membrane」「mitochondrial」「membrane」

「mitochondrial membrane」

　　[★]

• ミトコンドリア膜

関

inner mitochondrial membrane、outer mitochondrial membrane

「mitochondrial inner membrane」

　　[★]

• ミトコンドリア内膜

関

inner mitochondrial membrane

「inner」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 内側の

関

inside、interior、medial、medialis、medially

　 　 　 　 　 　

「mitochondrial membrane」

　　[★]

• ミトコンドリア膜

関

inner mitochondrial membrane、outer mitochondrial membrane

「mitochondrial」

　　[★]

• adj.

• ミトコンドリアの

関

mitochondria、mitochondrially、mitochondrion

「membrane」

　　[★]

• n.

• 膜、メンブラン