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Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate is an intermediate in the HMG-CoA reductase pathway used by organisms in the biosynthesis of terpenes and terpenoids.^[1] In plants it is also the precursor to carotenoids, gibberellins, tocopherols, and chlorophylls.

It is also a precursor to geranylgeranylated proteins, which is its primary use in human cells. ^[2]

In Drosophila, geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate is synthesised by HMG-CoA encoded by the Columbus gene. Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate is utilised as a chemoattractant for migrating germ cells that have traversed the midgut epithelia. The attractant signal is produced at the gonadal precursors, directing the germ cells to these sites, where they will differentiate into ova (eggs) and spermatozoa (sperm).

Related compounds

Geranylgeraniol
Geranyl pyrophosphate
Farnesyl pyrophosphate

References

^ Cholesterol Synthesis, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute]
^ Wiemer, AJ; Wiemer, DF; Hohl, RJ (December 2011). "Geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase: an emerging therapeutic target.". Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics 90 (6): 804–12. doi:10.1038/clpt.2011.215. PMID 22048229.

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English Journal

Characterization and Functional Identification of a Gene Encoding Geranylgeranyl Diphosphate Synthase from Dunaliella bardawil.

Liang MH1, Liang YJ2, Jin HH1, Jiang JG1.
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.J Agric Food Chem.2015 Sep 9;63(35):7805-12. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02732. Epub 2015 Aug 25.
Geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGPS) catalyzes the biosynthesis of geranylgeranyl diphosphate, a key precursor for carotenoid biosynthesis. In this study, a full-length cDNA encoding GGPS from Dunaliella bardawil (DbGGPS) was isolated by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) for the first ti
PMID 26289929

A phytoene desaturase homolog gene from the methanogenic archaeon Methanosarcina acetivorans is responsible for hydroxyarchaeol biosynthesis.

Mori T1, Isobe K1, Ogawa T1, Yoshimura T1, Hemmi H2.
Biochemical and biophysical research communications.Biochem Biophys Res Commun.2015 Sep 7. pii: S0006-291X(15)30518-0. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.09.001. [Epub ahead of print]
Hydroxyarchaeols are the typical core structures of archaeal membrane lipids uniquely produced by a limited number of methanogenic lineages, which are mainly classified in orders Methanosarcinales and Methanococcales. However, the biosynthetic machinery that is used for the biosynthesis of hydroxyar
PMID 26361140

Andrographis paniculata transcriptome provides molecular insights into tissue-specific accumulation of medicinal diterpenes.

Garg A1, Agrawal L2, Misra RC3, Sharma S4, Ghosh S5.
BMC genomics.BMC Genomics.2015 Sep 2;16:659. doi: 10.1186/s12864-015-1864-y.
BACKGROUND: Kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata) has been widely exploited in traditional medicine for the treatment of infectious diseases and health disorders. Ent-labdane-related diterpene (ent-LRD) specialized (i.e., secondary) metabolites of kalmegh such as andrographolide, neoandrographolide and
PMID 26328761

Japanese Journal

菌類およびコケ・シダ類における生理活性ジテルペノイドの生合成研究(学会賞,受賞業績)

植物の生長調節 50(1), 12-20, 2015-05-29
NAID 110009969794

Crucial role of the Rap G protein signal in Notch activation and leukemogenicity of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Scientific reports 5, 2015-01-23
NAID 120005555511

Biochemical and molecular characterization of orange- and tangerine-colored rice calli

Plant Biotechnology 32(3), 193-203, 2015
NAID 130005105918

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「ゲラニルゲラニル」
拡張検索	「geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase」「geranylgeranyl-diphosphate geranylgeranyltransferase」「protein geranylgeranylation」「geranylgeranyltransferase」「geranylgeranylation」

「ゲラニルゲラニル」

Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate
Names
	IUPAC name (2E,4E,6E)-3,5,7,11-Tetramethyldodeca-2,4,6,10-tetraene-1-pyrrophosphate
Identifiers
CAS Number	6699-20-3
ChEBI	CHEBI:48861
ChemSpider	394418
IUPHAR/BPS	3052
Jmol interactive 3D	Image
MeSH	geranylgeranyl+pyrophosphate
PubChem	447277
	InChI InChI=1S/C20H36O7P2/c1-17(2)9-6-10-18(3)11-7-12-19(4)13-8-14-20(5)15-16-26-29(24,25)27-28(21,22)23/h9,11,13,15H,6-8,10,12,14,16H2,1-5H3,(H,24,25)(H2,21,22,23)/b18-11+,19-13+,20-15+ Key: OINNEUNVOZHBOX-QIRCYJPOSA-N ; InChI=1/C20H36O7P2/c1-17(2)9-6-10-18(3)11-7-12-19(4)13-8-14-20(5)15-16-26-29(24,25)27-28(21,22)23/h9,11,13,15H,6-8,10,12,14,16H2,1-5H3,(H,24,25)(H2,21,22,23)/b18-11+,19-13+,20-15+ Key: OINNEUNVOZHBOX-QIRCYJPOBR ;
	SMILES O=P(O)(O)OP(=O)(O)OC/C=C(/CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)C)C ;
Properties
Chemical formula	C20H36O7P2
Molar mass	450.45 g·mol−1
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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	Infobox references