WordNet

purely outward or superficial; "external composure"; "an external concern for reputation"- A.R.Gurney,Jr.
outward features; "he enjoyed the solemn externals of religion"
coming from the outside; "extraneous light in the camera spoiled the photograph"; "relying upon an extraneous income"; "disdaining outside pressure groups" (同)extraneous, outside
from or between other countries; "external commerce"; "international trade"; "developing nations need outside help" (同)international, outside
happening or arising or located outside or beyond some limits or especially surface; "the external auditory canal"; "external pressures"
any bundle of nerve fibers running to various organs and tissues of the body (同)nervus
a protective covering (as for a knife or sword)
an enveloping structure or covering enclosing an animal or plant organ or part (同)case
protective covering consisting, for example, of a layer of boards applied to the studs and joists of a building to strengthen it and serve as a foundation for a weatherproof exterior (同)overlay, overlayer

PrepTutorEJDIC

『外側の』,外部の / (作用・動作などが)『外側からの』,外部からの / 表面上の,見せかけの / 体外の;体外用の / 外国の(foreign) / (…の)外観,外形《+『of』+『名』》
《所有・所属》…『の』,…のものである,…に属する・《材料・要素》…『でできた』,から成る・《部分》…『の』[『中の』] ・《数量・単位・種類を表す名詞に付いて》…の・《原因・動機》…『で』,のために(because of) ・《主格関係》…『の』,による,によって・《目的格関係》…『を』,の・《同格関係》…『という』・《関係・関連》…『についての』[『の』],の点で・《抽象名詞などと共に》…の[性質をもつ] ・《『It is』+『形』+『of』+『名』+『to』 doの形で,ofの後の名詞を意味上の主語として》・《分離》…『から』・《起原・出所》…『から』[『の』](out of) ・《『名』+『of』+『a』(『an』)+『名』の形で》…のような・《『名』+『of』+『mine』(『yours, his』など独立所有格)の形で》…の…・《時》(1)《副詞句を作って》…に《形容詞句を作って》…の・《時刻》《米》…前(to,《米》before)
〈C〉『神経』 / 〈C〉《複数形で》『神経過敏』,いらだち / 〈U〉『勇気』,度胸(courage) / 〈U〉《時にa ~》厚かましさ,ずぶとさ;無礼 / 〈C〉葉脈;(昆虫の)翅脈(しみゃく) / 〈人,特に自分〉‘に'力を与える,‘を'元気づける
(刀などの)さや / (動・植物のある部分をおおう)さや;(ケーブルの)鎧装(がいそう)など・体にぴったり合った女性の衣服
さやに納めること / おおい,被覆

UpToDate Contents

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1. 非動脈炎性虚血性視神経症：予後および治療 nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy prognosis and treatment
2. 視神経の先天性および後天性異常 congenital anomalies and acquired abnormalities of the optic nerve
3. 視神経膠腫 optic pathway glioma
4. 硬膜内神経鞘腫 intradural nerve sheath tumors
5. 視神経症 optic neuropathies

English Journal

Prospective analysis of single operator sonographic optic nerve sheath diameter measurement for diagnosis of elevated intracranial pressure.

Frumin E, Schlang J, Wiechmann W, Hata S, Rosen S, Anderson C, Pare L, Rosen M, Fox JC.
The western journal of emergency medicine.West J Emerg Med.2014 Mar;15(2):217-20. doi: 10.5811/westjem.2013.9.16191.
INTRODUCTION: The accurate diagnosis of elevated intracranial pressure (eICP) in the emergent setting is a critical determination that presents significant challenges. Several studies show correlation of sonographic optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) to eICP, while others show high inter-observer va
PMID 24672615

Intracranial pressure and optic nerve sheath diameter as cephalic venous pressure increases in swine.

Nusbaum DM1, Clark JB, Brady KM, Kibler KK, Sutton JP, Easley RB.
Aviation, space, and environmental medicine.Aviat Space Environ Med.2013 Sep;84(9):946-51.
BACKGROUND: Nontraumatic, nonhydrocephalic increases in intracranial pressure (ICP) are often difficult to diagnose and may underlie spaceflight-related visual changes. This study looked at the utility of a porcine animal model of increasing cephalic venous pressure to mimic acute changes in ICP and
PMID 24024306

Optic nerve meningeal hemangiopericytoma: a clinicopathologic case report.

Manjandavida FP1, Honavar SG, Gowrishankar S, Mulay K, Reddy VA, Vemuganti GK.
Survey of ophthalmology.Surv Ophthalmol.2013 Jul-Aug;58(4):341-7. doi: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2012.10.001. Epub 2013 Jan 4.
A 36-year-old woman presented with progressive loss of vision in the left eye for 3 years, and rapid progression and painful protrusion of the eye for one month. Clinical evaluation revealed no light perception, severe proptosis and hypoglobus, optic atrophy, and optociliary shunt vessels. Orbital i
PMID 23294915

Japanese Journal

マウス視神経の電子顕微鏡所見: 視神経の全神経線維の定量的研究

本陣良平,坂戸俊一,山下利夫
Archivum histologicum japonicum 40(4), 321-332, 1977
マウス視神経の横断面全域のつなぎ合わせ電子顕微鏡写真について, その有髄および無髄神経線維の全数を計測した.星状膠細胞の突起は, 視神経の全外周に関門構造を形成している. 視神経は全体として, 1) 神経線維, 2) 神経膠細胞とその突起, 3) 毛細血管が互いに密接して間隙のない1個の束を形成している. 結合組織を伴なう組織腔は, 小動脈と小静脈の周囲のものを除き, 神経束中に進入しない.一例の …
NAID 130003880746