elimination rate constant

• 排出速度定数

WordNet

1. be worthy of or have a certain rating; "This bond rates highly"
2. amount of a charge or payment relative to some basis; "a 10-minute phone call at that rate would cost $5" (同)charge per unit
3. a magnitude or frequency relative to a time unit; "they traveled at a rate of 55 miles per hour"; "the rate of change was faster than expected"
4. a quantity or amount or measure considered as a proportion of another quantity or amount or measure; "the literacy rate"; "the retention rate"; "the dropout rate"
5. assign a rank or rating to; "how would you rank these students?"; "The restaurant is rated highly in the food guide" (同)rank, range, order, grade, place
6. estimate the value of; "How would you rate his chances to become President?"; "Gold was rated highly among the Romans" (同)value
7. the bodily process of discharging waste matter (同)evacuation, excretion, excreting, voiding
8. the murder of a competitor (同)liquidation
9. the act of removing or getting rid of something (同)riddance
10. the act of removing an unknown mathematical quantity by combining equations
11. analysis of a problem into alternative possibilities followed by the systematic rejection of unacceptable alternatives (同)reasoning by elimination
12. give (hair) the appearance of being fuller by using a rat
13. a pad (usually made of hair) worn as part of a womans coiffure
14. any of various long-tailed rodents similar to but larger than a mouse
15. catch rats, especially with dogs
16. desert ones party or group of friends, for example, for ones personal advantage
17. employ scabs or strike breakers in
18. steadfast in purpose or devotion or affection; "a man constant in adherence to his ideals"; "a constant lover"; "constant as the northern star"
19. a number representing a quantity assumed to have a fixed value in a specified mathematical context; "the velocity of light is a constant"
20. a quantity that does not vary (同)constant quantity, invariable
21. standing or position on a scale

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈C〉『割合』,『率』 / 〈C〉《the~,a~》『速度』(speed),進度 / 〈C〉『値段』,『相場』;料金 / 〈U〉等級(class),(…)等 / 《複数形ぃ》《英》地方税 / (…の金額に)…‘の'『値段を決める』,見積もる《+『名』+『at』+『名』》 / …‘を'『評価する』,みなす / 《米話》…‘に'値する,‘の'価値がある / 『評価される』;みなされる
2. …‘を'どなりつける
3. (…の)除去,削除《+『of』+『名』》 / (競技の)予選
4. 『ネズミ』 / ひきょう者,裏切り者 / ネズミをつかまえる / 《話》(人を)裏切る,密告する《+『on』+『名』〈人〉》
5. 『不変の』,一定の / 『絶え間のない』,不断の,繰り返される / 《文》〈人が〉心変わりしない;(…に対して)誠実な,貞節な《+『to』+『名』》 / (数学で)常数;(化学・物理分析などにおける)定量
6. 〈C〉〈U〉（品質・技量などによる）格づけ,評価 / 〈C〉（個人・会社の経済的な）信用度 / 〈C〉(トン・馬力による)(船舶・車)の等級 / 〈C〉(テレビ・ラジオの)視聴率

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/01/27 12:33:03」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

The elimination rate constant K is a value used in pharmacokinetics to describe the rate at which a drug is removed from the system.

It is often abbreviated K or K_e. It is equivalent to the fraction of a substance that is removed per unit time measured at any particular instant and has units of T⁻¹. This can be expressed mathematically with the differential equation

,

where is the blood plasma concentration of drug in the system at a given point in time , is an infinitely small change in time, and is the concentration of drug in the system after the infinitely small change in time.

The solution of this differential equation is useful in calculating the concentration after the administration of a single dose of drug:

• C_t is concentration after time t
• C₀ is the initial concentration (t=0)
• K is the elimination rate constant

Sample values and equations

Characteristic	Description	Example value	Symbol	Formula
Dose	Amount of drug administered.	500 mg		Design parameter
Dosing interval	Time between drug dose administrations.	24 h		Design parameter
Cmax	The peak plasma concentration of a drug after administration.	60.9 mg/L		Direct measurement
tmax	Time to reach Cmax.	3.9 h		Direct measurement
Cmin	The lowest (trough) concentration that a drug reaches before the next dose is administered.	27.7 mg/L		Direct measurement
Volume of distribution	The apparent volume in which a drug is distributed (i.e., the parameter relating drug concentration to drug amount in the body).	6.0 L
Concentration	Amount of drug in a given volume of plasma.	83.3 mg/L
Elimination half-life	The time required for the concentration of the drug to reach half of its original value.	12 h
Elimination rate constant	The rate at which a drug is removed from the body.	0.0578 h−1
Infusion rate	Rate of infusion required to balance elimination.	50 mg/h
Area under the curve	The integral of the concentration-time curve (after a single dose or in steady state).	1,320 mg/L·h
Clearance	The volume of plasma cleared of the drug per unit time.	0.38 L/h
Bioavailability	The systemically available fraction of a drug.	0.8
Fluctuation	Peak trough fluctuation within one dosing interval at steady state	41.8 %		where

References

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

• Application of a whole-body pharmacokinetic model for targeted radionuclide therapy to NM404 and FLT.

• Grudzinski JJ, Floberg JM, Mudd SR, Jeffery JJ, Peterson ET, Nomura A, Burnette RR, Tomé WA, Weichert JP, Jeraj R.SourceDepartment of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
• Physics in medicine and biology.Phys Med Biol.2012 Mar 7;57(6):1641-1657. [Epub ahead of print]
• We have previously developed a model that provides relative dosimetry estimates for targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) agents. The whole-body and tumor pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of this model can be noninvasively measured with molecular imaging, providing a means of comparing potential TRT ag
• PMID 22398155

• Cyclophosphamide and 4-Hydroxycyclophosphamide Pharmacokinetics in Patients with Glomerulonephritis Secondary to Lupus and Small Vessel Vasculitis.

• Joy MS, La M, Wang J, Bridges AS, Hu Y, Hogan SL, Frye RF, Blaisdell J, Goldstein JA, Dooley MA, Brouwer KL, Falk RJ.SourceUniversity of North Carolina School of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, UNC Kidney Center, Chapel Hill, NCUniversity of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Chapel Hill, NCUniversity of North Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC University of Florida, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, Gainesville, FLNational Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Human Metabolism Group, Research Triangle Park, NC.
• British journal of clinical pharmacology.Br J Clin Pharmacol.2012 Mar 2. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2012.04223.x. [Epub ahead of print]
• Aims: Cyclophosphamide, the precursor to the active 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide, is used in active glomerulonephritis despite limited pharmacokinetics data. The pharmacokinetics of cyclophosphamide and 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide were evaluated. The influence of laboratory and pharmacogenomic covariates
• PMID 22380717

Japanese Journal

• Response of end tidal CO2 pressure to impulse exercise

• Yano T.,Afroundeh R.,Yamanak R.,Arimitsu T.,Lian C-S,Shirkawa K.,Yunoki T.
• Acta Physiologica Hungarica 101(1), 103-111, 2014-03
• … Heart rate (HR) significantly increased until the end of impulse exercise and then decreased to the pre-exercise level. … PETCO2 remained constant during impulse exercise. … We demonstrated that PETCO2 homeodynamics was interactively maintained by PETCO2 itself, CO2 transportation (product of cardiac output and mixed venous CO2 content) into the lungs by heart pumping and CO2 elimination by ventilation, and it oscillates as a result of their interactions. …
• NAID 120005427746

• Influence of Three Coccidiostats on the Pharmacokinetics of Florfenicol in Rabbits

• LIU Chun,WANG Sheng-jie,ZHANG Qian,SHAO Yi-xiang
• Experimental Animals, 2014
• … The terminal elimination half-life (t1/2z), area under the concentration–time curve (AUC), area under the first moment curve (AUMC), and mean residence time (MRT) significantly decreased, whereas the elimination rate constant (λz) and total body clearance (CLz) obviously increased in rabbits pretreated with ROB. …
• NAID 130004699219

• Ability of Water-Soluble Biosubstances to Eliminate Hydroxyl and Superoxide Radicals Examined by Spin-Trapping ESR Measurements: Two-Dimensional Presentation of Antioxidative Ability

• NAKAJIMA Akira,SAKURAI Yasuhiro,MATSUDA Emiko,MASUDA Yukari,NAGANOBU Yoshiko,TAJIMA Kunihiko,SAMESHIMA Hiroshi,IKENOUE Tsuyomu
• Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 77(2), 324-331, 2013
• … Both the 1/[IDh50 (mM)] and 1/[IDs50 (mM)] values of selected biosubstances were linearly related to the second-order rate constant, k2 (M−1 s−1), defined for the reaction between biosubstances and the radicals in a logarithmic presentation. …
• NAID 130004138039

Related Links

• Chapter 5.6 - Elimination Rate Constant, kel

Elimination Rate Constant, kel The elimination rate constant (abbreviated as kel, k10, and sometimes ke) is the first order rate constant describing drug elimination from the body. This is an overall elimination rate constant describing ...

• Section 1 - Drug Elimination - RxKinetics Pharmacokinetics ...

Elimination rate constant (Kel) With first-order elimination, the rate of elimination is directly proportional to the serum drug concentration (SDC). There is a linear relationship between rate of elimination and SDC. Although the ...

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リンク元	「排出速度定数」
関連記事	「elimination」「rate」「rat」「constant」

「排出速度定数」

　　[★]

英

elimination rate constant

「elimination」

　　[★]

• n.

• 除去、排除、排出、消失、(化学)脱離

関

ablation、abscission、abstract、abstraction、clearance、delete、deletion、desorption、detach、detachment、disappear、disappearance、dislodge、drain、draining、egest、egestion、eject、eliminate、emission、emit、evacuate、evacuation、exclude、exclusion、excrete、excretion、expel、export、obliteration、obviate、regress、removal、remove、scavenge

　 　 　 　 　 　

「rate」

　　[★]

• n.

• (全体に対する部分などの割合を示す)率　　　⇔　(率を率で除すような比 ratioとは区別するでしょう)

• vi.

• 格付けされる、等級に分けられる
• 影響力がある、重要な地位にある

• vt.

• ～を値踏みする、～の価格を査定する
• (～の重要性や価値を)評価する
• (性能などによって)～を格付けする(等級に分ける)
• (金融)(不動産の)課税額を決める
• ～に値する、～の価値がある

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「rat」

　　[★]

• n.

• (げっ歯類)ラット、(マウスも含めての総称)ネズミ、ラットの

関

laboratory rat、mouse、Norway rat、Rattus、Rattus norvegicus

　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「constant」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 定常性の、一定の、普遍の

• n.

• 定数

関

constancy、constantly、invariable、invariably、stationary、uniform