eighth cranial nerve

第VIII脳神経、第8脳神経、第八脳神経

関

cranial nerve VIII、vestibulocochlear nerve

WordNet

1. being one more than seven (同)8, viii
2. the cardinal number that is the sum of seven and one (同)8, VIII, eighter, eighter from Decatur, octad, ogdoad, octonary, octet
3. any bundle of nerve fibers running to various organs and tissues of the body (同)nervus
4. coming next after the seventh and just before the ninth in position (同)8th
5. position eight in a countable series of things
6. of or relating to the cranium which encloses the brain; "cranial pressure"
7. control of your emotions; "this kind of tension is not good for my nerves"

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈C〉(数の)8;8の記号(18,VIIなど) / 〈U〉8時,8分;8歳 / 〈U〉《複数扱い》8人,8個 / 〈C〉八つ(8人,8個)一組のもの;8人のボート選手 / 〈C〉(カードの)8の札;〈U〉(スケートの)8字形[滑走](the figure of eight) / 8の;8人の / 8個の;《補語にのみ用いて》8歳で
2. 〈C〉『神経』 / 〈C〉《複数形で》『神経過敏』,いらだち / 〈U〉『勇気』,度胸(courage) / 〈U〉《時にa ~》厚かましさ,ずぶとさ;無礼 / 〈C〉葉脈;(昆虫の)翅脈(しみゃく) / 〈人,特に自分〉‘に'力を与える,‘を'元気づける
3. 《the ~》『第8の』,8番目の / 8分の1の / 《the ~》『第8』,8番目[のもの];(月の)8日 / 〈C〉8分の1 / 〈C〉(音程の)8度,オクターブ
4. 頭蓋(ずがい)の

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/10/16 00:48:05」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

Vestibulocochlear nerve
The course and connections of the facial nerve in the temporal bone
Inferior view of the human brain, with the cranial nerves labelled.
Details
Latin	Nervus vestibulocochlearis
To	Cochlear nerve, vestibular nerve
Identifiers
Gray's	p.860
MeSH	A08.800.800.120.910
TA	A14.2.01.121
FMA	50869
Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy

Cranial nerves
CN 0 – Terminal CN I – Olfactory CN II – Optic CN III – Oculomotor CN IV – Trochlear CN V (1,2,3) – Trigeminal CN VI – Abducens CN VII – Facial CN VIII – Vestibulocochlear CN IX – Glossopharyngeal CN X – Vagus CN XI – Accessory CN XII – Hypoglossal
Overview Table

The vestibulocochlear nerve (auditory vestibular nerve), known as the eighth cranial nerve, transmits sound and equilibrium (balance) information from the inner ear to the brain.

Structure

The vestibulocochlear nerve consists mostly of bipolar neurons and splits into two large divisions: the cochlear nerve and the vestibular nerve.

The cochlear nerve travels away from the cochlea of the inner ear where it starts as the spiral ganglia. Processes from the organ of Corti conduct afferent transmission to the spiral ganglia. It is the inner hair cells of the organ of Corti that are responsible for activation of afferent receptors in response to pressure waves reaching the basilar membrane through the transduction of sound. The exact mechanism by which sound is transmitted by the neurons of the cochlear nerve is uncertain; the two competing theories are place theory and temporal theory.

The vestibular nerve travels from the vestibular system of the inner ear. The vestibular ganglion houses the cell bodies of the bipolar neurons and extends processes to five sensory organs. Three of these are the cristae located in the ampullae of the semicircular canals. Hair cells of the cristae activate afferent receptors in response to rotational acceleration. The other two sensory organs supplied by the vestibular neurons are the maculae of the saccule and utricle. Hair cells of the maculae in the utricle activate afferent receptors in response to linear acceleration while hair cells of the maculae in the saccule respond to vertically directed linear force.

Development

The vestibulocochlear nerve is derived from the embryonic otic placode.

Function

This is the nerve along which the sensory cells (the hair cells) of the inner ear transmit information to the brain. It consists of the cochlear nerve, carrying information about hearing, and the vestibular nerve, carrying information about balance. It emerges from the pontomedullary junction and exits the inner skull via the internal acoustic meatus (or internal auditory meatus) in the temporal bone.

The vestibulocochlear nerve carries axons of type SSA, special somatic afferent, which carry the modalities of hearing and equilibrium.

Clinical significance

Symptoms of damage

Damage to the vestibulocochlear nerve may cause the following symptoms:

• hearing loss
• vertigo
• false sense of motion
• loss of equilibrium (in dark places)
• nystagmus
• motion sickness
• gaze-evoked tinnitus.

Examination

History

Etymology

Some older texts call the nerve the acoustic or auditory nerve, but these terms have fallen out of widespread use because they fail to recognize the nerve's role in the vestibular system. Vestibulocochlear nerve is therefore preferred by most.

See also

This article uses anatomical terminology; for an overview, see anatomical terminology.

• Auditory system

References

Additional images

• Vestibulocochlear nerve

• Superficial dissection of brain-stem. Ventral view.

• Dissection showing the projection fibers of the cerebellum.

• Hind- and mid-brains; postero-lateral view.

• Upper part of medulla spinalis and hind- and mid-brains; posterior aspect, exposed in situ.

• Position of the right bony labyrinth of the ear in the skull, viewed from above.

• Vestibulo-ocular reflex

• Vestibulocochlear nerve

External links

• MedEd at Loyola GrossAnatomy/h_n/cn/cn1/cn8.htm
• cranialnerves at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (VIII)
• Notes on Vestibulocochlear Nerve

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 複視の概要 overview of diplopia
• 2. 成人における第三脳神経（動眼神経）麻痺 third cranial nerve oculomotor nerve palsy in adults
• 3. 小児における第6脳神経（外転神経）麻痺 sixth cranial nerve abducens nerve palsy in children
• 4. 成人における細菌性髄膜炎の神経学的合併症 neurologic complications of bacterial meningitis in adults
• 5. 小児における第3脳神経（動眼神経）麻痺 third cranial nerve oculomotor nerve palsy in children

English Journal

• Duplicate internal auditory canals with facial and vestibulocochlear nerve dysfunction.

• Kew TY, Abdullah A.SourceDepartment of Radiology, Medical Faculty, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
• The Journal of laryngology and otology.J Laryngol Otol.2012 Jan;126(1):66-71. Epub 2011 Aug 26.
• Objective:We report an extremely rare case of duplication of the internal auditory canal associated with dysfunction of both the facial and vestibulocochlear nerves. We also review the literature regarding the integrity of the facial and vestibulocochlear nerves in such cases.Case report:A 34-year-o
• PMID 21867589

• Evaluation of the chemical model of vestibular lesions induced by arsanilate in rats.

• Vignaux G, Chabbert C, Gaboyard-Niay S, Travo C, Machado ML, Denise P, Comoz F, Hitier M, Landemore G, Philoxène B, Besnard S.SourceINSERM, ERI27, Caen, F-14000, France; Univ Caen, Caen, F-14000, France.
• Toxicology and applied pharmacology.Toxicol Appl Pharmacol.2012 Jan 1;258(1):61-71. Epub 2011 Oct 14.
• Several animal models of vestibular deficits that mimic the human pathology phenotype have previously been developed to correlate the degree of vestibular injury to cognate vestibular deficits in a time-dependent manner. Sodium arsanilate is one of the most commonly used substances for chemical vest
• PMID 22023963

Japanese Journal

• 神経血管圧迫症候群を疑った持続時間の短い耳鳴症 167 例の統計的観察

• 黒田 建彰
• 耳鼻と臨床 59(3), 101-107, 2013
• 当医院では過去 20 年間に、聴神経の血管圧迫症候群を疑った耳鳴 167 例を経験した。数秒ほどの断続的耳鳴で、日に数回 - 数十回生じる耳鳴であった。うち 163 例でテグレトールによる治療を行った。男女比は 57：110 と女性に多く、発症年齢は 61 歳以上が 57％（95/167）と高齢者に多かった。片側性耳鳴が98％（164/167）とほとんどであり、耳鳴側と反対側の平均聴力の差はほとん …
• NAID 130004555608

• 後頭蓋底疾患、特に頸静脈孔神経鞘腫について

• 橋本 省
• Otology Japan 21(3), 256-260, 2011-07-25
• 頸静脈孔神経鞘腫はその主訴や症状が聴神経腫瘍と酷似しているためにしばしば聴神経腫瘍と誤診される。もし本腫瘍が誤った診断の下に手術されれば機能保存は得られないが、一方、正しく診断されていれば聴力保存のみならず聴力改善も多くの症例で可能となる。本論文では頸静脈孔神経鞘腫の診療結果と腫瘍切除後の聴力改善の機構について論ずる。著者らは9例の頸静脈孔神経鞘腫をfar lateral approachにより手 …
• NAID 10030285159

• 耳帯状疱疹が遅発した5歳児ハント症候群例

• 濱田 昌史,小田桐 恭子,岡田 信也 [他],飯田 政弘
• 耳鼻咽喉科臨床 104(3), 175-179, 2011-03-01
• … A 5-year-old girl found by her guardians to have right facial palsy had neither herpetic eruptions nor the eighth cranial nerve disorders on the first visit. … Viral facial nerve paralysis origin is believed to be by far rarer than pediatric idiopathic facial palsy, so steroid alone is usually administered. …
• NAID 10027794096

Related Links

• vestibulocochlear nerve | anatomy | Britannica.com

Vestibulocochlear nerve, also called Auditory Nerve, Acoustic Nerve, or Eighth Cranial Nerve, nerve in the human ear, serving the organs of equilibrium and of hearing. It consists of two anatomically and functionally distinct parts: the cochlear nerve ...

• 8th cranial nerve disorder - RightDiagnosis.com

Introduction: 8th cranial nerve disorder Description of 8th cranial nerve disorder 8th cranial nerve disorder: due to lesions of the cochlea and the auditory division of the eighth cranial nerve; problem of cellular dysfunction rather than ...

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「内耳神経」「第VIII脳神経」「第8脳神経」「cranial nerve VIII」「第八脳神経」
関連記事	「cranial」「nerve」

「内耳神経」

　　[★]

英

vestibulocochlear nerve (N)

ラ

nervus vestibulocochlearis

同

第8脳神経 eighth cranial nerve CN VIII

関

脳神経、内耳道 internal auditory meatus

• 橋の底部から脳幹の外に出る

一般感覚性

臓性感覚性

特殊感覚性

体性運動性

臓性運動性

鰓弓運動性

神経細胞(中枢神経外)

神経細胞(中脳)

神経細胞(橋)

神経細胞(延髄)

神経細胞(脊髄)

○-< 節後ニューロン

頭蓋からの出口

分布と機能

○

膝神経節

内耳道、顔神経管、茎乳突孔

外耳道の皮膚の感覚

○

膝神経節

舌の2/3，口腔底、口蓋の味覚

○

○

翼口神経節、顎下神経節

副交感神経：顎下腺、舌下腺、涙腺、鼻と口蓋の腺

○

○

支配筋：顔の表情筋、中耳のアブミ骨、茎突舌骨筋、顎二腹筋の後腹

臨床関連

• 前庭神経鞘腫 vestibular schwannoma(聴神経鞘腫 acoustic neurinoma)

• 神経線維腫症2型 neurofibromatosis type II NF II

「第VIII脳神経」

　　[★]

英

cranial nerve VIII、eighth cranial nerve

関

内耳神経、第8脳神経、第八脳神経

「第8脳神経」

　　[★]

英

eighth cranial nerve

関

内耳神経、第VIII脳神経、第八脳神経

「cranial nerve VIII」

　　[★]

第VIII脳神経

関

eighth cranial nerve、vestibulocochlear nerve

「第八脳神経」

　　[★]

英

eighth cranial nerve

関

第8脳神経、第VIII脳神経

「cranial」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 頭蓋の、頭側の

関

cephalad、crania、cranium、rostral、skull

　 　

「nerve」

　　[★]

• n.

• 神経

関

nervi、nervous、nervus、neural、neuro、neuron