WordNet

of or relating to or resembling a cyst
of or relating to a normal cyst (as the gallbladder or urinary bladder)
a closed sac that develops abnormally in some body structure

PrepTutorEJDIC

胞嚢(ほうのう)性の
胞嚢(ほうのう)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/05/18 03:20:04」(JST)

wiki en

Cystic hygromas are classically found in the posterior triangle of the neck (purple).

A cystic hygroma, also known as cystic lymphangioma and macrocystic lymphatic malformation, is an often congenital multiloculated lymphatic lesion that can arise anywhere, but is classically found in the left posterior triangle of the neck and armpits. This is the most common form of lymphangioma. It contains large cyst-like cavities containing lymph, a watery fluid that circulates throughout the lymphatic system. Microscopically, cystic hygroma consists of multiple locules filled with lymph. In the depth, the locules are quite big but they decrease in size towards the surface.

Cystic hygromas are benign, but can be disfiguring. It is a condition which usually affects children; very rarely it can present in adulthood.^[1]

Cystic hygroma is also known as lymphatic malformation. Currently, the medical field prefers to use the term lymphatic malformation because the term cystic hygroma means water tumor^{[citation needed]}. Lymphatic malformation is more commonly used now because it is a sponge-like collection of abnormal growth that contains clear lymphatic fluid. The fluid collects within the cysts or channels, usually in the soft tissue. Cystic hygromas occur when the lymphatic vessels that make up the lymphatic system are not formed properly. There are two types of lymphatic malformations. They are macrocystic lymphatic malformations, large cysts, and microcystic, small cysts. A person may have only one kind of the malformation or can have a mixture of both macro and micro cysts.

Cystic hygroma can be associated with a nuchal lymphangioma or a fetal hydrops.^[2] Additionally, it can be associated with Turner syndrome^[3] or with Noonan syndrome.

A lethal version^[4] of this condition is known as Cowchock Wapner Kurtz syndrome that, in addition to cystic hygroma, includes cleft palate and lymphedema, a condition of localized edema and tissue swelling caused by a compromised lymphatic system.^[5]

Signs and Symptoms

Cystic hygromas are increasingly diagnosed by prenatal ultrasonography. A common symptom is a neck growth. It may be found at birth, or discovered later in an infant after an upper respiratory tract infection.^[6] Cystic hygromas can grow very large and may affect breathing and swallowing. Some symptoms may include a mass or lump in the mouth, neck, cheek, or tongue. It feels like a large fluid-filled sac. In addition, cystic hygromas can be found in other body parts such as the arm, chest, legs, groin, and buttocks. Cystic hygromas are also often seen in Turner's syndrome, although a patient who does not have Turner's syndrome can present with this condition.

Treatment

A baby with a prenatally diagnosed cystic hygroma should be delivered in a major medical center equipped to deal with neonatal complications, such as a neonatal intensive care unit. An obstetrician usually decides the method of delivery. If the cystic hygroma is large, a cesarean section may be performed. After birth, infants with a persistent cystic hygroma must be monitored for airway obstruction. A thin needle may be used to reduce the volume of the cystic hygroma to prevent facial deformities and airway obstruction. Close observation of the baby by a neonatologist after birth is recommended. If resolution of the cystic hygroma does not occur before birth, a pediatric surgeon should be consulted.^[7]

Cystic hygromas that develop in the third trimester, after thirty weeks gestation, or in the postnatal period are usually not associated with chromosome abnormalities. There is a chance of recurrence after surgical removal of the cystic hygroma. The chance of recurrence depends on the extent of the cystic hygroma and whether its wall was able to be completely removed.^[7]

Treatments for removal of cystic hygroma are surgery or sclerosing agents which include:

Bleomycin
Doxycycline
Ethanol (pure)
Picibanil (OK-432)
Sodium tetradecyl sulfate

Images

Same patient as on image at top - After 1st Surgery
Same patient - After 4 Surgeries

Ultrasound images of a cystic hygroma

References

^ Gow L, Gulati R, Khan A, Mihaimeed F (2011). "Adult-onset cystic hygroma: a case report and review of management". Grand Rounds 11: 5–11. doi:10.1102/1470-5206.2011.0002.
^ Schwartz's principles of surgery: self assessment and board review, 8th edition, chapter 38, page 257; textbook p.1476
^ Alpman A, Cogulu O, Akgul M, et al. (March 2008). "Prenatally Diagnosed Turner Syndrome and Cystic Hygroma: Incidence and Reasons for Referrals". Fetal. Diagn. Ther. 25 (1): 58–61. doi:10.1159/000199869. PMID 19202339.
^ http://www.orpha.net/consor/www/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=EN&Expert=2193
^ Syndromes By Bruno Bissonnette, Igor Luginbuehl, Bernard J. Dalens, Bruno Marciniak, http://books.google.com.au/books?id=uRR1MYa-w5wC&pg=PT235&lpg=PT235&dq=%22Cowchock+Wapner+Kurtz+syndrome%22&source=bl&ots=bEeJU7SsDU&sig=EzUmEHwBeRmM-atleoQxSc0fxuw&hl=en&ei=TR4zSr2iApPusQOOqdHYDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7#PPT235,M1
^ Vorvick, Linda F. "Cystic Hygroma". MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington, School of Medicine.
^ ^a ^b Epstein, Michael, Sherman, Stephanie, Warren, Stephen F. "Cystic Hygroma" (PDF). Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Human Genetics.

External links

HP.3105 at humpath.com
Cystic hygroma information from Great Ormond Street Hospital

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. First-trimester cystic hygroma and increased nuchal translucency
2. 新生児の評価 assessment of the newborn infant
3. 胎児異数性に関連する超音波所見 sonographic findings associated with fetal aneuploidy
4. 新生児における血管病変 vascular lesions in the newborn
5. 小児における頸部リンパ節炎：病因および臨床症状 cervical lymphadenitis in children etiology and clinical manifestations

English Journal

Abscess mimicking pre-cervical and submandibular cystic hygroma in a newborn.

Gaur A, Ambey R, Sharma A, Gupta S.SourceKamlaraja Hospital and Gajraraja Medical College, Gwalior, Madhyapradesh, India.
The Australasian medical journal.Australas Med J.2013 Jun 30;6(6):318-20. doi: 10.4066/AMJ.2013.1631. Print 2013.
Pre-cervical inflammation is rarely seen in a newborn. Those swellings that are seen are usually congenital, such as vascular malformations, teratoma, dermoid cyst, thyroglossal cyst, cystic hygroma (abnormal lymphatic tissue), and very rarely, inflammation secondary to infection. Being able to diff
PMID 23837078

Distended jugular lymphatic sacs in fetuses with increased nuchal translucency: correlation with first-trimester findings in aberrant karyotypes.

Eckmann-Scholz C, Salmassi A, Jonat W, Alkatout I.SourceDepartment of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel & University, Hospital Schleswig-Holstein , Campus Kiel, Kiel , Germany.
The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians.J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med.2013 Jun 27. [Epub ahead of print]
Abstract Objective: We investigated the prognostic relevance of ultrasound visibility of distendend jugular lymphatic sacs (JLS) in fetuses with aberrant karyotypes in First-trimester-screening. Furthermore we tried to differentiate between increased nuchal translucency (NT) and cystic hygroma colli
PMID 23718767

Japanese Journal

IS-72 The impact of first trimester screening and the detection of cystic hygroma : A retrospective study, 1999-2009(Group9 Perinatology3,International Session)

Brown D.,Garrelts K.,Corliss M.,Cohen JD,Craparo F.
日本産科婦人科學會雜誌 63(2), 937, 2011-02-01
NAID 110008510225

小児頸部腫脹の取り扱い

片岡真吾,川内秀之
頭頸部外科 20(2), 103-111, 2010
小児において頸部腫脹をきたす疾患はリンパ節病変のほか，先天性の嚢胞性疾患や脈管性疾患が多い。われわれが経験した3症例（川崎病，下咽頭梨状陥凹瘻，嚢胞性リンパ管腫）を提示し，診断および治療上の問題点を検討した。川崎病の症例は，抗菌薬投与で改善されず，γグロブリン製剤とステロイド薬の併用投与で治癒した。下咽頭梨状陥凹瘻の症例は，診断の遅れから深頸部感染症を生じてから受診した例であった。嚢胞状リンパ管腫 …
NAID 130000421037

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「嚢胞状リンパ管腫」「リンパ管奇形」「水滑性嚢腫」
関連記事	「cystic」

「嚢胞状リンパ管腫」

Cystic hygroma
	A child with cystic hygroma
Classification and external resources
Specialty	oncology, medical genetics
ICD-10	D18.1, Q87.8 (ILDS D18.140
ICD-9-CM	228.1
ICD-O	M9173/0
OMIM	257350
DiseasesDB	3374
MedlinePlus	000148
eMedicine	ped/536
MeSH	D018191
	[edit on Wikidata]

　　[★]

英: cystic lymphangioma
同: cystic hygroma、嚢胞性リンパ管腫？
関: 嚢腫、滑液嚢水腫、ヒグローマ、リンパ管腫。リンパ管奇形

[show details]

嚢胞状リンパ管腫 : 約 24,100 件
嚢胞性リンパ管腫 : 約 68,000 件

部位

頚部・腋窩の皮下

形状

境界不明瞭な嚢胞状の柔らかな腫瘍

写真

failpicload@./t_image/100F001.jpg

嚢胞状リンパ管腫らしい

参考

リンパ管腫

http://www.nurs.or.jp/~academy/igaku/y/y9g.htm

lymphangioma

http://www.manual-of-surgery.com/content/0083-Diseases-of-Lymph-Vessels.html

lymphangioma

http://www.sonoworld.com/fetus/page.aspx?id=199

「リンパ管奇形」

　　[★]

関: リンパ管腫

以前はリンパ管腫と呼ばれていた物
形態的に分類される。

分類

SPE.569

「水滑性嚢腫」

　　[★]

英: cystic hygroma
関: 嚢腫、水滑性嚢胞