循環生理学、心血管生理学

WordNet

processes and functions of an organism
the branch of the biological sciences dealing with the functioning of organisms
of or pertaining to or involving the heart and blood vessels; "cardiovascular conditioning"

PrepTutorEJDIC

生理学 / 生理,機能
心臓と血管の(に影響する)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/08/07 11:20:39」(JST)

wiki en

Cardiovascular physiology is the study of the circulatory system. More specifically, it addresses the physiology of the heart ("cardio") and blood vessels ("vascular").

These subjects are sometimes addressed separately, under the names cardiac physiology and circulatory physiology.^[1]

Although the different aspects of cardiovascular physiology are closely interrelated, the subject is still usually divided into several subtopics.

Heart

See Heart#Physiology for more details

Cardiac output (= heart rate * stroke volume. Can also be calculated with Fick principle.)
- Stroke volume (= end-diastolic volume - end-systolic volume)
- Ejection fraction (= stroke volume / end-diastolic volume)
- ((Cardiac Output)) is mathematically ` to ((Systole))

- Inotropic, chronotropic, and dromotropic states

- Cardiac input (= heart rate * suction volume Can be calculated by inverting terms in Fick principle)
- Suction volume (= end-systolic volume + end-diastolic volume)
- Injection fraction (=suction volume / end-systolic volume)
- Cardiac input is mathematically ` to (Diastole))

Electrical conduction system of the heart
- Electrocardiogram
- Cardiac marker
- Cardiac action potential

Frank–Starling law of the heart
Wiggers diagram
Pressure volume diagram

Regulation of blood pressure

Baroreceptor
Baroreflex
Renin-angiotensin system
- Renin
- Angiotensin
Juxtaglomerular apparatus
Aortic body and carotid body
Autoregulation
- Cerebral Autoregulation

Hemodynamics

Under most circumstances, the body attempts to maintain a steady mean arterial pressure.

When there is a major and immediate decrease (such as that due to hemorrhage or standing up), the body can increase the following:

Heart rate
Total peripheral resistance (primarily due to vasoconstriction of arteries)
Inotropic state

In turn, this can have a significant impact upon several other variables:

Stroke volume
Cardiac output
Pressure
- Pulse pressure (systolic pressure - diastolic pressure)
- Mean arterial pressure (usually approximated with diastolic pressure + 1/3 pulse pressure)
- Central venous pressure

Regional circulation

Name of circulation	% of cardiac output	Autoregulation	Perfusion	Comments
pulmonary circulation	100% (deoxygenated)			Vasoconstriction in response to hypoxia
cerebral circulation	15%^[2]	high	under-perfused	Fixed volume means intolerance of high pressure. Minimal ability to use anaerobic respiration
coronary circulation	5%	high	under-perfused	Minimal ability to use anaerobic respiration. Blood flow through the left coronary artery is at a maximum during diastole (in contrast to the rest of systemic circulation, which has a maximum blood flow during systole.)
splanchnic circulation	15%	low		Flow increases during digestion.
hepatic circulation	15%			Part of portal venous system, so oncotic pressure is very low
renal circulation	25%	high	over-perfused	Maintains glomerular filtration rate
skeletal muscular circulation	17%^[3]			Perfusion increases dramatically during exercise.
cutaneous circulation	2%^[4]		over-perfused	Crucial in thermoregulation. Significant ability to use anaerobic respiration

References

^ Overview at Medical College of Georgia
^ Physiology at MCG 3/3ch11/s3c11_13
^ Physiology at MCG 3/3ch11/s3c11_2
^ Physiology at MCG 3/3ch11/s3c11_10

External links

Cardiovascular+physiology at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
Cardiovascular Physiology Concepts - Comprehensive explanation of basic cardiovascular concepts, based on a textbook of the same name.
The Gross Physiology of the Cardiovascular System - Mechanical overview of cardiovascular function. Free eBook and video resources.
Clinical Sciences - Cardiovascular An iPhone app covering detailed cardiovascular physiology and anatomy

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 心血管MRIの臨床的有用性 clinical utility of cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging
2. 男性性機能障害の概要 overview of male sexual dysfunction
3. 肥満患者に対する麻酔 anesthesia for the obese patient
4. 成人心疾患の小児期の予防：健康な生活様式の向上およびリスクのある小児の識別 pediatric prevention of adult cardiovascular disease promoting a healthy lifestyle and identifying at risk children
5. 妊娠に対する母体の心血管系および血行動態の適応 maternal cardiovascular and hemodynamic adaptations to pregnancy

English Journal

Comparison of LDPI to SPECT perfusion imaging using (99m)Tc-sestamibi and (99m)Tc-pyrophosphate in a murine ischemic hind limb model of neovascularization.

Hendrikx G1,2, Vries MH3,2, Bauwens M1, De Saint-Hubert M1, Wagenaar A3, Guillaume J1, Boonen L1, Post MJ3,2, Mottaghy FM4,5.
EJNMMI research.EJNMMI Res.2016 Dec;6(1):44. doi: 10.1186/s13550-016-0199-2. Epub 2016 May 27.
BACKGROUND: We aimed to determine the accuracy of laser Doppler perfusion imaging (LDPI) in an animal model for hind limb ischemia.METHODS: We used a murine (C57Bl/6 mice) ischemic hind limb model in which we compared LDPI with the clinically used (99m)Tc-sestamibi SPECT perfusion imaging (n = 7
PMID 27234510

Association of Age and Lipid Profiles with Measures of Renal Function in an Iranian Population.

Mohammadi M1,2,3, Avan A1,2, Emamian M2, Khajavi-Rad A4, Aghasizadeh-Sharbaf M2, Tayefi M2, Esmaeili H5, Zomorrodian D2, Moohebati M6, Ebrahimi M6, Nematy M1, Reza Azarpazhooh M6, Mousavi M2, Daneshmand F3, Ferns GA7, Parizadeh MR1, Ghayour-Mobarhan M1,6.
Journal of dietary supplements.J Diet Suppl.2016 Nov;13(6):616-25. doi: 10.3109/19390211.2016.1155686. Epub 2016 Apr 14.
PURPOSE: We have investigated the association between markers of renal function [serum urea nitrogen, creatinine, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)] and age and lipid profile in an Iranian population sample of 4,567 subjects.MATERIALS/METHODS: Serum creatinine and urea nitrogen, togeth
PMID 27077696

Modelling tumour cell proliferation from vascular structure using tissue decomposition into avascular elements.

Besenhard MO1, Jarzabek M2, O'Farrell AC2, Callanan JJ3, Prehn JH2, Byrne AT4, Huber HJ5.
Journal of theoretical biology.J Theor Biol.2016 Aug 7;402:129-43. doi: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2016.04.028. Epub 2016 May 5.
Computer models allow the mechanistically detailed study of tumour proliferation and its dependency on nutrients. However, the computational study of large vascular tumours requires detailed information on the 3-dimensional vessel network and rather high computation times due to complex geometries.
PMID 27155046

Japanese Journal

Invasive Coronary Microcirculation Assessment:– Current Status of Index of Microcirculatory Resistance –

Kobayashi Yuhei,Fearon William F
Circulation Journal, 2014
… Assessment of the coronary microvasculature in the clinical setting is a key issue, given that microvascular dysfunction itself has a predictive value for cardiovascular events. … The index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR) is an invasive method of interrogating the microvasculature and provides further insight into the physiology of cardiovascular diseases. … therefore it can be a surrogate marker of cardiovascular events. …
NAID 130003391103

1-C-5 Comparison in responses of autonomic nervous and cardiovascular systems between chewing and handgrip exercise(The Proceedings of the 21st Annual Meetings of Japan Society of Exercise and Sports Physiology July 27 ・ 28, (Saitama))

ISHIYAMA Ikuo,SUZUKI Masato
Advances in exercise and sports physiology
NAID 110009687775

Comparison of Oscillation of Oxygenation in Skeletal Muscle Between Early and Late Phases in Prolonged Exercise

T. YANO,C.-S. LIAN,T. ARIMITSU,R. YAMANAKA,R. AFROUNDEH,K. SHIRAKAWA,T. YUNOKI
Physiological Research 62(3), 297-304, 2013-06
… It was concluded that oscillation of oxygenation in the muscle oxygen system in the early phase is not different from that in the late phase in prolonged exercise despite cardiovascular drift. …
NAID 120005303472