WordNet

the quantity contained in a can (同)canful
preserve in a can or tin; "tinned foods are not very tasty" (同)tin, put_up
airtight sealed metal container for food or drink or paint etc. (同)tin, tin_can
a buoy with a round bottom and conical top (同)can buoy
provide (a city) with a canal (同)canalize, canalise
long and narrow strip of water made for boats or for irrigation
(astronomy) an indistinct surface feature of Mars once thought to be a system of channels; they are now believed to be an optical illusion
relating to or affecting the atria and ventricles of the heart; "atrioventricular disease" (同)auriculoventricular

PrepTutorEJDIC

《能力》『…することができる』　《可能性・推量》　《平叙文で》『…であり得る』　し得る,かもしれない　《否定文で》…のはずがない,ではあり得ない　《疑問文で》いったい…だろうか　《話》《許可・軽い命令》『…してもよい』　…してあげよう;《疑問文で》…してくれませんか
『かん』(取っ手・ふた・口のついた金属・プラスチック製容器・コップなど) / 《米》(かん詰めの)『かん』,かん詰め(《英》 tin) / かん1杯(の…)《+『of』+『名』》 / …'を'かん詰めにする(また《英》『tin』) / 《米俗》…'を'くびにする
canceled / cancellation / canon / canto
『運河』 / (食道・気菅などの)導菅 / (火星の苗面に見える)運河状の地形

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/05/08 21:26:24」(JST)

wiki en

The proper development of the atrioventricular canal into its prospective components (The heart septum and associated valves) to create a clear division between the four compartments of the heart and ensure proper blood movement through the heart, are essential for proper heart function. When this process does not happen correctly, a child will develop atrioventricular canal defect which occurs in 2 out of every 10,000 births.^[1] It also has a correlation with Down Syndrome because 20% of children with Down Syndrome suffer from atrioventricular canal disease as well. This is a very serious condition and surgery is necessary within the first six months of life for a child.^[2] Half of the children who are untreated with this condition die during their first year due to heart failure or pneumonia.^[3]

Atrioventricular canal defect is a combination of abnormalities of the heart and is present at birth. There is a problem when there are holes present in the walls that separate chambers (septa),as well as when valves are incorrectly constructed. There are other names for these heart abnormalities such as endocardial cushion defects or atrioventricular septal defect^[4]

Development

A photo of the basic anatomical structures of the heart. During normal heart development all four chambers are separated and the mitral and tricupsid valves are properly developed.

In a normal healthy heart there are four chambers. This consists of right and left atria, and right and left ventricles. The right atrium and right ventricle function to pump blood to the lungs while the left atrium and left ventricle pump blood to the rest of the body. There are valves in place that inhibit back-flow between these chambers.^[4]

Clinical relevance

Atrioventricular canal defect

This is an echocardiography of "Complete" Atriventricular Canal Disorder. There is a clear absence of lower septum that would separate all four chambers of the heart

This defect is developed because of the improper formation of the endocardial cushions, and their job is to separate the different parts of the heart during development when they fuse. It is strongly associated with Down's syndrome. The structures that develop from the fusion of the endocardial cushions are:

The Atrial septum- this structure divides the left and right atrium
The Ventricular septum-this structure divides the left and right ventricles.
The Mitral Valve and tricuspid valve - these valves are formed by the proper division of an early common valve being separated into two.^[5]

Atrioventricular canal defect may be divided into partial or complete forms. In the partial form, openings between the left and right atria and improper formation of the mitral valve exist. In the complete form, there is free movement in all chambers because there is a large hole where the atria and ventricles meet, and instead of there being two valves there is one common valve.^[4]

Surgery is usually conducted in-between the 3rd and 6th month of life, and with this condition the earlier the better. Usually, intracardiac repair involves closing the holes in the septum and the creation of two new atrioventricular valves from the underdeveloped common valve leaflet.^[3]

References

^ "Orphanet: Complete atrioventricular canal". www.orpha.net. Retrieved 2015-10-09.
^ Brown, David MD "Atrioventricular Canal Defect" Children's Hospital Boston 20120 http://www.childrenshospital.org/az/Site521/mainpageS521P0.html
^ ^a ^b Calabro, Raffaele & Limongelli, Giuseppe "Complete Atrioventricular Canal" 2006 April 5, US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1459121/
^ ^a ^b ^c Mayo Clinic September 12, 2012"Atrioventricular Canal Defect" http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/atrioventricular-canal-defect/DS00745
^ Cincinnati Children's Hospital "Atrioventricular Septal Defect" April 2010 http://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/a/avsd/

UpToDate Contents

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1. 房室（AV）管欠損の臨床症状、病態生理、および診断 clinical manifestations pathophysiology and diagnosis of atrioventricular av canal defects
2. 房室（AV）管欠損のマネージメントおよび転帰 management and outcome of atrioventricular av canal defects
3. 成人における心房中隔欠損症の臨床症状および診断 clinical manifestations and diagnosis of atrial septal defects in adults
4. 小児における、心房中隔欠損（ASD）の分類および孤立性ASDの臨床的特徴および診断 classification of atrial septal defects asds and clinical features and diagnosis of isolated asds in children
5. 先天性心疾患女性における妊娠：特定病変 pregnancy in women with congenital heart disease specific lesions

English Journal

A Notch-dependent transcriptional hierarchy promotes mesenchymal transdifferentiation in the cardiac cushion.

Chang AC1, Garside VC, Fournier M, Smrz J, Vrljicak P, Umlandt P, Fuller M, Robertson G, Zhao Y, Tam A, Jones SJ, Marra MA, Hoodless PA, Karsan A.
Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists.Dev Dyn.2014 Jul;243(7):894-905. doi: 10.1002/dvdy.24127. Epub 2014 Apr 17.
Background: Valvuloseptal defects are the most common congenital heart defects. Notch signaling-induced endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the atrioventricular canal (AVC) cushions at murine embryonic day (E)9.5 is a required step during early valve development. Insights to the transcrip
PMID 24633789

Lifetime Prevalence of Congenital Heart Disease in the General Population from 2000 to 2010.

Marelli AJ1, Ionescu-Ittu R2, Mackie AS3, Guo L2, Dendukuri N4, Kaouache M2.
Circulation.Circulation.2014 Jun 18. pii: CIRCULATIONAHA.113.008396. [Epub ahead of print]
BACKGROUND: -Our objective was to obtain contemporary life-time estimates of CHD prevalence using population based data sources up to year 2010.METHODS AND RESULTS: -The Quebec CHD database contains 28 years of longitudinal data on all individuals with CHD from 1983-2010. Severe CHD was defined as t
PMID 24944314

Holt-Oram syndrome with intermediate atrioventricular canal defect, and aortic coarctation: functional characterization of a de novo TBX5 mutation.

Baban A1, Pitto L, Pulignani S, Cresci M, Mariani L, Gambacciani C, Digilio MC, Pongiglione G, Albanese S.
American journal of medical genetics. Part A.Am J Med Genet A.2014 Jun;164A(6):1419-24. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36459. Epub 2014 Mar 24.
Holt-Oram syndrome (HOS) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by upper limb defects and congenital heart defects (CHD), which are often simple septal and conduction defects, less frequently complex CHDs. We report on a 9 year-old boy with clinical and radiologic features of HOS consis
PMID 24664498

Japanese Journal

胎児心臓超音波スクリーニング検査で発見された心疾患症例と見逃された症例の検討

山下美智子,日高庸博,林周作,入江明美,宮城晶子,河津由紀子,稲村昇,萱谷太,石井桂介,光田信明
Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery 30(2), 166-172, 2014
目的：胎児心臓超音波スクリーニングで発見された心疾患症例と見逃された症例を検討し，検査の効果と問題点を検証すること．方法：2008年4月～2012年3月に，当院で胎児超音波スクリーニングを受け分娩に至ったローリスク単胎妊婦を対象とした．検査陽性症例および偽陰性症例の内訳を診療録より後方視的に検討した．検査は妊娠18週前後，28週前後，36週前後の3回行った．結果：対象期間の検査のべ回数は9,983 …
NAID 130003398252

基礎心臓の発生「房室中隔の発生」

山岸敬幸
Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery 29(2), 68-74, 2013
房室中隔は右心房と左心室を隔て, 心房中隔と心室中隔に連なる組織である. 房室中隔は房室管の心内膜床から発生する. 原始心筒がloopingし, 心房・心室が形態的に明らかになる頃, 房室管部では心ゼリーが残存・増生する. 心内膜から上皮間葉転換により遊離して形質転換した間葉系細胞が, その心ゼリーの中に侵入し, 心内膜床が形成される. 心内膜床は, 主に上方(背側)および下方(腹側)から隆起して …
NAID 130003380017

Traditional Single Patch Versus the "Australian" Technique for Repair of Complete Atrioventricular Canal Defects

HALIT VELIT,OKTAR GURSEI LEVENT,IMREN VELI YILDIRIM,IRIZ ERKAN,ERER DILEK,KULA SERDAR,TUNAOGLU FATMA SEDEF,GOKGOZ LEVENT,OLGUNTURK RANA
Surgery today : the Japanese journal of surgery 38(11), 999-1003, 2008-11-01
NAID 10024429098