WordNet

a chemical substance derivable from a mold or bacterium that can kill microorganisms and cure bacterial infections; "when antibiotics were first discovered they were called wonder drugs" (同)antibiotic drug
of or relating to antibiotic drugs
impervious to being affected; "resistant to the effects of heat"; "resistant to persuasion"
respiratory disease characterized by inflammation of the lung parenchyma (excluding the bronchi) with congestion caused by viruses or bacteria or irritants
spherical Gram-positive bacteria occurring in pairs or chains; cause e.g. scarlet fever and tonsillitis (同)streptococci, strep

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Prevalence of nasopharyngeal pneumococcal colonization in children and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of carriage isolates.

Zhou JY1, Isaacson-Schmid M1, Utterson EC2, Todd EM1, McFarland M1, Sivapalan J1, Niehoff JM3, Burnham CD4, Morley SC5.
International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases.Int J Infect Dis.2015 Sep 3;39:50-52. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2015.08.010. [Epub ahead of print]
Nasopharyngeal (NP) pneumococcal carriage predisposes children to pneumococcal infections. Defining the proportion of pneumococcal isolates that are antibiotic-resistant enables the appropriate choice of empiric therapies. The antibiogram of NP carriage isolates derived from a pediatric population f
PMID 26327122

Serotype distribution and antibiotic resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates collected at a Chinese hospital from 2011 to 2013.

Huang S1, Liu X2, Lao W3, Zeng S4, Liang H5, Zhong R6, Dai X7, Wu X8, Li H9, Yao Y10,11,12.
BMC infectious diseases.BMC Infect Dis.2015 Aug 5;15(1):312. doi: 10.1186/s12879-015-1042-5.
BACKGROUND: Streptococcus pneumoniae infections are a major cause of global morbidity and mortality, and the emergence of antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae strains has been increasingly reported. This study provides up-to-date information on bacterial serotype distribution and drug resis
PMID 26243258

Impact of the Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine and Antibiotic Use on Nasopharyngeal Colonization by Antibiotic Nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae - Alaska, 2000-2010.

Gounder PP1, Brewster M, Bruce MG, Bruden DJ, Rudolph K, Hurlburt DA, Hennessy TW.
The Pediatric infectious disease journal.Pediatr Infect Dis J.2015 Jul 29. [Epub ahead of print]
BACKGROUND: We describe the relative impact of the heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7, introduced 2001) and antibiotic use on colonization by antibiotic resistant pneumococci in urban Alaskan children during 2000-2010.METHODS: We obtained nasopharyngeal swab specimens from a convenienc
PMID 26226443

A challenge to appropriate antibiotic use in children with respiratory infections: a 5-year single-institution experience

Matsumoto Ayumi,Hashimoto Koichi,Kawasaki Yukihiko,Hosoya Mitsuaki
Fukushima Journal of Medical Science 57(2), 33-45, 2011
… BACKGROUND: We have studied the rate of emergence of antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. … pneumoniae) and Haemophilus influenzae (H. … influenzae) and the subsequent antibiotic use in host patients of those isolates at the Department of Pediatrics, Soma General Hospital, Fukushima. …
NAID 130002153580

Non-antibiotic treatment for pediatric outpatients with common cold inhibits the emergence of drug resistant pneumococci

松本歩美,武山彩,橋本浩一,伊藤正樹,片寄雅彦,加藤一夫,川崎幸彦,細矢光亮
Fukushima journal of medical science 56(1), 28-37, 2010-06-01
… The occurrence of drug resistant Streptococcus pneurmoniae (S. … pneumoniae) is very high in Japan. … Unnecessary use of antibiotics had been thought to cause this problem but previous studies had not clearly showed that the decreasing rate of antibiotic use had been related to the reduction of the prevalence of resistant strains. …
NAID 10030916070