adrenergic agent

• アドレナリン系薬物、アドレナリン作用薬

関

adrenergic、adrenergic agonist、adrenergic drug、adrenergics

WordNet

1. a substance that exerts some force or effect
2. a businessman who buys or sells for another in exchange for a commission (同)factor, broker
3. any agent or representative of a federal agency or bureau (同)federal agent
4. a representative who acts on behalf of other persons or organizations
5. an active and efficient cause; capable of producing a certain effect; "their research uncovered new disease agents"
6. how long something has existed; "it was replaced because of its age"
7. a time of life (usually defined in years) at which some particular qualification or power arises; "she was now of school age"; "tall for his eld" (同)eld
8. begin to seem older; get older; "The death of his wife caused him to age fast"
9. make older; "The death of his child aged him tremendously"
10. drug that has the effects of epinephrine (同)adrenergic_drug
11. relating to epinephrine (its release or action) (同)sympathomimetic

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 『代理人』;周旋人 / 働き(作用)を起こすもの;作用物,薬剤 / (政府機関,特にFBI,CIAなどの)部員,機関員
2. 〈U〉(一般に)『年齢』,寿命;〈C〉(個々の)『年齢』,年 / 〈U〉成年(おとなとしての資格・権利を得る年齢;通例18または21歳) / 〈U〉『老齢』;《集合的に》老人たち / 〈U〉(人生の)『一時期』;〈C〉世代(generation) / 〈U〉〈C〉《しばしばA-》(歴史上の)『時代』 / 〈C〉《話》長い間 / 年をとる,ふける;〈物が〉古くなる / 〈年〉'を'とらせる;〈物〉'を'古びさせる

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/07/29 11:50:07」(JST)

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Epinephrine

Norepinephrine

Dopamine

Chemical structures of catecholamines.

Sympathomimetic drugs (also known as adrenergic drugs and adrenergic amines) are stimulant compounds which mimic the effects of agonists of the sympathetic nervous system such as the catecholamines (epinephrine (adrenaline), norepinephrine (noradrenaline), dopamine, etc.) Sympathomimetic drugs are used to treat cardiac arrest and low blood pressure, or even delay premature labor, among other things.

These drugs can act through several mechanisms, such as directly activating postsynaptic receptors, blocking breakdown and reuptake of certain neurotransmitters, or stimulating production and release of catecholamines.

Mechanisms of action

The mechanisms of sympathomimetic drugs can be direct-acting, such as α-adrenergic agonists, β-adrenergic agonists, and dopaminergic agonists; or indirect-acting, such as MAOIs, COMT inhibitors, release stimulants, and reuptake inhibitors that increase the levels of endogenous catecholamines.

Structure-activity relationship

For maximum sympathomimetic activity, a drug must have:

1. Amine group two carbons away from an aromatic group
2. A hydroxyl group at the chiral beta position in the R-configuration
3. Hydroxyl groups in the meta and para position of the aromatic ring to form a catechol which is essential for receptor binding

The structure can be modified to alter binding. If the amine is primary or secondary, it will have direct action, but if the amine is tertiary, it will have poor direct action. Also, if the amine has bulky substituents, then it will have greater beta adrenergic receptor activity, but if the substituent is not bulky, then it will favor the alpha adrenergic receptors.

Direct-acting

Adrenergic receptor agonists

Main article: Adrenergic agonist

Direct stimulation of the α- and β-adrenergic receptors can produce sympathomimetic effects. Salbutamol is a widely used direct-acting β₂-agonist. Other examples include phenylephrine, isoproterenol, and dobutamine.

Dopaminergic agonists

Stimulation of the D1 receptor by dopaminergic agonists such as fenoldopam is used intravenously to treat hypertensive crisis.

Indirect-acting

Structure-activity relationship

A primary or secondary aliphatic amine separated by 2 carbons from a substituted benzene ring is minimally required for high agonist activity. The pKa of the amine is approximately 8.5-10. 1- Substitution on aromatic ring-

The presence of hydroxy group in the benzene ring at 3rd and 4th position shows maximum alpha and beta activity

Cross-reactivity

Substances such as cocaine also affect dopamine, and some substances such as MDMA affect serotonin.

Norepinephrine is synthesized by the body from the amino acid tyrosine, and is used in the synthesis of epinephrine, which is a stimulating neurotransmitter of the central nervous system. Thus, all sympathomimetic amines fall into the larger group of stimulants (see psychoactive drug chart). In addition to intended therapeutic use, many of these stimulants have abuse potential, can induce tolerance, and possibly physical dependence, although not by the same mechanism(s) as opioids or sedatives. The symptoms of physical withdrawal from stimulants can include fatigue, dysphoric mood, increased appetite, vivid or lucid dreams, hypersomnia or insomnia, increased movement or decreased movement, anxiety, and drug craving, as is apparent in the rebound withdrawal from certain substituted amphetamines. Physical withdrawal from some sedatives can be potentially lethal, for instance benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome. Opioid withdrawal is very uncomfortable, often described as a bad case of the flu, with possibly severe abdominal cramps and diarrhoea as central symptoms, but it is rarely lethal unless the user has a comorbid condition.

Comparison

"Parasympatholytic" and "sympathomimetic" are similar, but not identical. For example, both cause mydriasis, but parasympatholytics reduce accommodation (cycloplegia) while sympathomimetics do not.

Examples

• amphetamine (Benzedrine)
• benzylpiperazine (BZP)
• cathine (found in Catha edulis)
• cathinone (found in Catha edulis, khat)
• cocaine (found in Erythroxylum coca, coca)
• ephedrine (found in Ephedra)
• lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse)
• maprotiline (Ludiomil)
• MDMA (Ecstasy, Molly)
• methamphetamine (Meth, Crank, Desoxyn)
• methcathinone
• methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV)
• methylphenidate (Ritalin)
• 4-methylaminorex
• oxymetazoline (Afrin, Vicks Sinex)
• pemoline (Cylert)
• phenmetrazine (Preludin)
• propylhexedrine (Benzedrex)
• pseudoephedrine (Sudafed, SudoGest, also found in Ephedra species)

See also

• Sympathetic nervous system
• Sympatholytic

References

External links

• Amines, Sympathomimetic at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

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Related Links

• adrenergic agent - definition of adrenergic agent by Medical ...

Definition of adrenergic agent in the Medical Dictionary. adrenergic agent explanation. Information about adrenergic agent in Free online English dictionary. What is adrenergic agent? Meaning of adrenergic agent medical term ...

• adrenergic neuron blocking agent - definition of adrenergic ...

agent (a´jent) something capable of producing an effect. adrenergic blocking agent one that inhibits response to sympathetic impulses by blocking the alpha (alpha-adrenergic blocking a.) or beta (beta-adrenergic blocking a.) receptor ...

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「adrenergic agonist」「adrenergic drug」「アドレナリン系薬物」
拡張検索	「antiadrenergic agent」「anti-adrenergic agent」
関連記事	「agent」「adrenergics」「age」「adrenergic」

「adrenergic agonist」

　　[★]

• アドレナリン受容体刺激薬、アドレナリン作動薬、アドレナリン刺激薬、アドレナリン作用薬

関

adrenergic、adrenergic agent、adrenergic drug、adrenergic receptor agonist、adrenergics、adrenomimetic

「adrenergic drug」

　　[★]

• アドレナリン受容体刺激薬、アドレナリン作用薬

関

adrenergic、adrenergic agent、adrenergic agonist、adrenergic receptor agonist、adrenergics

「アドレナリン系薬物」

　　[★]

英

adrenergic agent

関

アドレナリン作用薬

「antiadrenergic agent」

　　[★]

• 抗アドレナリン薬

関

adrenergic antagonist、adrenergic blocker、adrenergic receptor antagonist、adrenolytic、adrenolytics、antiadrenergics

「anti-adrenergic agent」

　　[★] アドレナリン性神経終末刺激薬

「agent」

　　[★]

• n.

• 代行者、代理人。代理業者
• 政府職員、官吏
• ある後位をする人、ある作用をするもの。動員、動力因、作用因。(文法)動作主。科学的変化を起こさせるもの、薬品、～剤。病原体

関

agonist、agonistic、attorney、delegate、drug、etiologic agent、fomes、fomites、mediator、pathogen、pathogenic、pharmaceutical preparation、vector、vehicle

　 　 　 　 　 　

「adrenergics」

　　[★]

アドレナリン受容体刺激薬、アドレナリン作用薬

関

adrenergic、adrenergic agent、adrenergic agonist、adrenergic drug、adrenergic receptor agonist

「age」

　　[★]

• n.

• 年齢、歳

• v.

• 加齢する、熟成する

関

aged、ageing、aging、year old

　 　 　 　 　

「adrenergic」

　　[★]

• adj.

• アドレナリンの、アドレナリン性の